tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8562060639780640202024-03-13T05:10:25.002+03:00Last Prophet Muhammad (sav)Now hath come unto you an apostle from amongst yourselves: it grieves him that ye should perish: ardently anxious is he over you: to the believers is he most kind and merciful. (Tauba-128)ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.comBlogger108125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-28918604475867356472023-12-23T16:03:00.006+03:002023-12-23T16:08:36.181+03:00USWAT’UL-HASANAH / THE QUINTESSENTİAL EXAMPLE<p> </p><div class="entry-content">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHm87HiaGIfyX5M6roRQUJBYv-3cgczYSIPLYr67e9UauXrTY9OKVpaG4Cxgn7t9a25rMc02YECcqv__3CcH-eRrCtVTQHW0W03qR_gERnesPgaFHJ_VqG6OwPG5OCxdUDYa-4hP0twJIMGFmntPtB-BqdDNvXXn_MuL_Oz3qF1xshFLBHSoC_pGqvu-q/s919/Screen%20Shot%202023-12-23%20at%2016.02.33%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="919" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHm87HiaGIfyX5M6roRQUJBYv-3cgczYSIPLYr67e9UauXrTY9OKVpaG4Cxgn7t9a25rMc02YECcqv__3CcH-eRrCtVTQHW0W03qR_gERnesPgaFHJ_VqG6OwPG5OCxdUDYa-4hP0twJIMGFmntPtB-BqdDNvXXn_MuL_Oz3qF1xshFLBHSoC_pGqvu-q/w640-h313/Screen%20Shot%202023-12-23%20at%2016.02.33%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Muhammad Mustafa (pbuh) is the only prophet, and in fact, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the only man in history to have every intricate detail of his life </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">recorded. Only a limited account of the flawless conducts of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">other prophets, inherent with the resources of providing guidance </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">for mankind and steering to what is good, have survived </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">till today. </span>But with an inner world of feeling thoroughly monitored, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">moment by moment, as it became actual in the simplest </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">to the most involved of his words and actions, the ways of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the Prophet of the Final Hour (pbuh) have been thoroughly preserved </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">as befits the most precious heritage in history, awarded </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">through the grace of Allah with the furthermore privilege of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">an assurance of survival till the very last man to come until </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the Final Hour.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> </span><span id="more-5842"></span><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Resisting failure at the face of the various trials and <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">tribulations life has to offer compels us to place trust in the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Almighty, be at peace with destiny, uphold patience, courage </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and perseverance, be altruistic and generous, with a </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">contentedness and a richness of heart, and hold a steady balance </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">against the possible discrepancies of the given circumstance.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>murshid’ul-kamil</i> par excellence in exercising all <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">these virtues as typified through a pure and exemplary life is </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Muhammad Mustafa (pbuh), the most generous gift of Allah, glory </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">unto him, to humankind.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">The life of the Blessed Prophet (pbuh) provides a splendid </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">example for all generations to come until the Last Day. Of him, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the Quran states:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Nay, verily for you is a Reward unfailing; and you stand </b><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><b>on an exalted standard of character.”</b> (al-Qalam, 3-4)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The life and the gracious character of the Prophet (pbuh) mark <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the apex of human conduct, even simply with his pattern of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">behavior that is graspable by human understanding. The pinnacle </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of prophets and the archetype of human character who </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">completed his mission in the midst of society by setting the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">best of examples to emulate, the Almighty has presented him </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">to mankind as, in the words of the Quran, <i>uswat’ul-hasana, </i></span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the quintessential example.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Thus states the Holy Quran:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a quintessential <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">example for any one whose hope is in Allah and the </span></b><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><b>Final Day, and who engages much in the Praise of Allah.”</b> </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">(al-Ahzab, 21)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In all stages of life, the Noble Prophet (pbuh) offers a brilliant <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">perfection for all eyes to see, exuding all kinds of beautiful </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">conduct, whether in concise or in detail. Whatever the most </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">perfect forms of conduct there may be to follow, one may </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">therefore find its epitome in the sublime life and the Sunnah </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of the Prophet (pbuh). Muhammad Mustafa (pbuh) is the religious leader and the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">head of state. He is an example for those entering the garden </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of Divine Love, and no less for his gratitude and humbleness </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">when abounding in the blessings of Allah.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Just as he is an example for his patience and trust in <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Allah, glory unto Him, in times dire, the Prophet (pbuh) is also an </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">example for his generosity with and personal abstinence from </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the spoils of war. He is an example for extending the abundant </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">compassion he had for his family to the slaves, the weak </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and stray; and all the more in his magnanimity and lenience </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">towards the guilty.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Thus If you are wealthy, then ponder on the humbleness <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and generosity of that Great Prophet who reigned sovereign over </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">entire Arabia and won over the hearts of every Arab notable </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">through love…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are among the weak, then take reference from the <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Prophet’s life in Mecca under the rule of the horribly oppressive </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">idolaters…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are triumphant, reflect on the Prophet of courage <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and submission who routed the enemy at the battles of Badr </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and Hunayn…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>But, Allah forbid, should you become defeated, then remember <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the Prophet walking patiently and courageously amid his </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">wounded and martyred Companions at the field of Uhud, having </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">completely yielded to Divine Will…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>And if you are a teacher, just think of the delicate, sensitive <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and affectionate Prophet conveying the pearls of his heart to the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Students of Suffa by the Masjid’un-Nabawi …</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a student, picture the
Prophet sitting before Jibril (a.s) at the moment of Revelation,
cautious and motivated, filled <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">with respect.</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a preacher, a counselor calling to the good, then <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">give ear to the pleasant voice of the Prophet flashing sparks of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">wisdom from his heart to his Companions at the Masjid…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are left without an aid in your want to protect and <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">communicate the Truth and elevate it, then take a look at the life </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of the Prophet who proclaimed the Truth to the ignorant and </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">called them onto guidance at a time when he was deprived of all </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">aid in Mecca…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you have broken the resistance of the enemy, leaving <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">them incapacitated, and devastated evil to proclaim the Truth, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">then bring before your eyes the sight of the Prophet, on the day </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of the Conquest, humbly and thankfully entering the sacred turf </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of Mecca, on camelback as if to fall prostrate, despite being a </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">victorious commander…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you own a farm and want to put things on track, then <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">draw a lesson from the Prophet of competence who appointed </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the most able to revive and administer, in the best possible way, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the lands of Banu Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak after seizing possession </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">of them…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are lonely, then reflect on the son of Abdullah and <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Aminah, their dearly loved orphan of innocence…</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a teenager, closely consider the life of the youth, the </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">future prophet, shepherding the stock of Abu Talib at Mecca…</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a trader set out with caravan loads of goods, ponder </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">the integrity of the grandest man of the convoys destined for </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">Yemen and Damascus…</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a judge, recall his just and prudential move inintervening to replace the Black Stone at the verge of Meccan </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">notables going at each others’ throats… </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">Then turn your glance once more to history and take a look </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">at the Prophet in Medina at the Masjid’un-Nabawi delivering </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">his verdict with the greatest conceivable justice between the </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">poverty stricken destitute and well to do rich, as just as one can </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">imagine.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are a spouse consider the deep emotions and compassion </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">of the Blessed Husband of Khadijah and Aisha…</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>If you are have children then learn the affectionate conduct </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">of the father of Fatimah, the grandfather of Hasan and </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">Husayn…</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Whoever you may be and in whichever circumstance you </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">may find yourself in, you will find Muhammad Mustafa (pbuh) as </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">the most perfect master and most beautiful guide at all times </i><i style="line-height: 1.3em;">and places.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Such a master he is that one can correct all mistakes <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">through emulating his Sunnah; and putting things back on </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">course, make amends for all misplaced efforts. Following the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">light of his guidance, one will at once rid his path of drawbacks </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and find himself reach the gates of happiness…</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The inner world of the Blessed Prophet (pbuh), to be sure, <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">is an exhibition far more exquisite than a garden of paradise </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">bursting with rare and elegant flowers and charmingly scented </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">roses.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Truly evident is hence the fact that the life of the Prophet (pbuh)<span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> constitutes the most perfect example, even for those on </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">opposite poles of the social plane. The life of a convict, for </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">instance, can never provide an example for a judge, just as ajudge cannot be shown as an example to a convict. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Likewise, </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the fate of one grappling with poverty and struggling to earn </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">a living throughout her life can never provide a case in point </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">for one wealthy abounding in riches. But the life of the Blessed </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Prophet (pbuh) affords an example for both ends of the scale, for </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">the reason that making him begin his journey of life from the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">lowest social end as an orphan, the Almighty proceeded him </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">through each arduous stage of life till finally elevating him </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">to the apex of power and authority, as prophet and head of </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">state.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Each phase the Prophet (pbuh) underwent throughout the <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">course of his life abundantly exhibits ideal modes of behavior </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">to abide by in accommodating the ebbs and tides of human </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">life in general. Thus in whatever position and circumstance </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">one may be encumbered by, compliant with their means and </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">capabilities, the life of the Noble Messenger (pbuh) offers concrete </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">and perfect examples of actions to adopt and implement for </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">all people.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He is thus the grandest masterpiece transpired by Allah, <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">glory unto Him, in mankind. The exemplar par excellence </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">for society to emulate, from the lowest end of the scale to the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">highest, for Believers steeped in his inimitable character, the </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">Prophet of the Almighty (pbuh) is, at once, the ideal criterion in </span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">practice.</span></p>
</div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-7367582580838519192023-12-15T17:06:00.001+03:002023-12-15T17:06:08.034+03:00Why the'messiah prophecy' worries Netanyahu<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EgeWVgNGeAA?si=I_EfaU6UMlEutChM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-69148778899623557852023-12-01T15:07:00.001+03:002023-12-01T15:07:36.126+03:00Shocking Moment Host Ends Interview<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GEZ_BXqACss?si=ZTocoyVHi0iyCGjg" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-88281509594981166432023-11-27T10:45:00.002+03:002023-11-27T10:45:19.265+03:00How do most Israelis think? Gideon Levy<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3EtNFXL_ykg?si=pHQE26v5bfiguSK7" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-72077317271683166842023-11-24T14:57:00.002+03:002023-11-24T14:57:53.711+03:00Norman Finkelstein On Israel and Palestine | The Full Interview<p> </p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/I_Sh-ERypMA?si=gltk6wY7Q63j3r8T" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-9804368210818553932023-11-08T15:36:00.001+03:002023-11-08T15:36:14.367+03:00You cannot close your eyes to reality.<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gk7iWgCk14U?si=V195JjTY_BRAEymm" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe> </p><p> I hope the number of truly virtuous journalists and programs will
increase. Thank you, it is not so difficult to be human if you human.</p>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-75735507029746659362023-11-03T15:14:00.002+03:002023-11-03T15:14:50.919+03:00At least 700 Palestinian children killed in Gaza in one week<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TLqhj3FFQBw?si=nNvhHoOkIaXwaMC-" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-65803799695059477942023-10-31T17:45:00.001+03:002023-10-31T17:45:12.847+03:00Tic Tac<blockquote class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Cy6HG75gWa_/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14" style=" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);"><div style="padding:16px;"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Cy6HG75gWa_/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" style=" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;" target="_blank"> <div style=" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div></div></div><div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;"><svg width="50px" height="50px" viewBox="0 0 60 60" version="1.1" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)" fill="#000000"><g><path d="M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631"></path></g></g></g></svg></div><div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style=" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;">Bu gönderiyi Instagram'da gör</div></div><div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"><div> <div style="background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"></div> <div style="background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"></div></div><div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"></div> <div style=" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)"></div></div><div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style=" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"></div> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"></div> <div style=" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"></div></div></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"></div> <div style=" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"></div></div></a><p style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Cy6HG75gWa_/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Amal Ahmed Albaz - آمال (@amalalbaz)'in paylaştığı bir gönderi</a></p></div></blockquote> <script async src="//www.instagram.com/embed.js"></script>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-39381880421459903102023-10-27T21:22:00.002+03:002023-10-27T21:22:38.472+03:00Allah help us !!!<p><b><span style="color: red;">!!!!!!!!!!</span></b> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlr_-jAtghEw71vCwo5jf17XIPxfJ0XXTnqNKZj15hBJSV5n3yKqlPzp4TxubY2RlNcsdrvNes_ecihITFewmk6zmL0vOjETpBG42lqQit7JULJ1eySYniTLaUvmMo3uPy-ZY6CJTC0scxg-7uOXOm0_Ov0q2wyWfxX5SI8eZh8qKo94RQJuoVg7DSRnhQ/s1600/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-10-27%20at%2021.11.46.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="746" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlr_-jAtghEw71vCwo5jf17XIPxfJ0XXTnqNKZj15hBJSV5n3yKqlPzp4TxubY2RlNcsdrvNes_ecihITFewmk6zmL0vOjETpBG42lqQit7JULJ1eySYniTLaUvmMo3uPy-ZY6CJTC0scxg-7uOXOm0_Ov0q2wyWfxX5SI8eZh8qKo94RQJuoVg7DSRnhQ/s320/WhatsApp%20Image%202023-10-27%20at%2021.11.46.jpeg" width="149" /></a></div> PRCS: We have completely lost contact<br />with the operations room in #Gaza Strip and<br />all our teams operating there due to the Israeli<br />authorities cutting off all landline, cellular and<br />internet communications. We are deeply<br />concerned about the ability of our teams to<br />continue providing their emergency medical<br />services, especially since this disruption<br />affects the central emergency number "101"<br />and hinders the arrival of ambulance vehicles<br />to the wounded and injured.<br /># We are also worried about the safety of our<br />teams working in Gaza Strip as the continuous<br />and intense Israeli airstrikes around the clock<br />indicate that the Israeli authorities will<br />continue to commit war crimes while isolating<br />Gaza from the outside world.<br />we call on the international community to<br />exert pressure on the Israeli authorities to<br />provide immediate protection to innocent<br />civilians, medical facilities and our teams.<p></p><p> </p><p><br /> </p><div class="s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini_box" id="s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini" is_bottom="true" is_mini="true" style="background: initial !important; border-collapse: initial !important; border-radius: initial !important; 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}</style></div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-56852505124761822302023-10-17T11:47:00.002+03:002023-10-17T14:43:29.124+03:00The mask of the 'civilized West' has fallen<p> <span><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.euronews.com%2Farticles%2Fstories%2F07%2F95%2F93%2F60%2F320x180_cmsv2_d594c335-7b1f-5dbb-8c60-a607c0e90ce9-7959360.jpg&tbnid=gd4bAPsavBnc3M&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fgazzeden-kacan-annenin-feryadi-benim-cocuklarim-bunu-hak-etmek-icin-ne-yapti&docid=kun4mqkSc5Cx8M&w=320&h=180&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"></a></span></p><div class="fR600b islir" style="background: rgb(16, 16, 16); height: 169px; margin-left: 25px; margin-right: 25px; margin-top: 6px;"><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.euronews.com%2Farticles%2Fstories%2F07%2F95%2F93%2F60%2F320x180_cmsv2_d594c335-7b1f-5dbb-8c60-a607c0e90ce9-7959360.jpg&tbnid=gd4bAPsavBnc3M&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fgazzeden-kacan-annenin-feryadi-benim-cocuklarim-bunu-hak-etmek-icin-ne-yapti&docid=kun4mqkSc5Cx8M&w=320&h=180&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><img alt="Gazze'den kaçan annenin feryadı: Benim çocuklarım bunu hak etmek için ne yaptı?" class="rg_i Q4LuWd" data-ils="4" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQYWXfzEVICqfIGQd5Q_G7FI_UT68-cQVIEKA&usqp=CAU" /></a></div><div class="Dv4WMb mvjhOe"></div><div class="PPklbc"><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.euronews.com%2Farticles%2Fstories%2F07%2F95%2F93%2F60%2F320x180_cmsv2_d594c335-7b1f-5dbb-8c60-a607c0e90ce9-7959360.jpg&tbnid=gd4bAPsavBnc3M&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fgazzeden-kacan-annenin-feryadi-benim-cocuklarim-bunu-hak-etmek-icin-ne-yapti&docid=kun4mqkSc5Cx8M&w=320&h=180&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygpegUIARC9AQ" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><span class="YZs0De">5 gün önce</span></a></div>The United Kingdom and the US are the ones who thrust the dagger they call "Israel" into the heart of the region. First, the hilt of the dagger was in the hands of the British. After World War II, the hilt of the dagger passed into the hands of the United States, and the United Kingdom assumed the role of the "follower." While the US and its followers supposedly pledged the "two-state solution," it was nothing more than a ruse. In reality, it was the steady, gradual annexation of the occupied territories. The problem for the US and its followers is that Netanyahu and his partners have accelerated illegal settlements so much that it's impossible to ignore.<span><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftrthaberstatic.cdn.wp.trt.com.tr%2Fresimler%2F2122000%2Fgazze-bombardiman-aa-2122704.jpg&tbnid=XWCC84ig8c6n_M&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygBegQIARBG..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fdunya%2Fisrailin-gazzeye-saldirilarinda-2-bin-670-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti-803872.html&docid=5r1VYbKKePR4oM&w=1280&h=720&itg=1&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygBegQIARBG" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><div class="fR600b islir" style="height: 169px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 2px; margin-top: 6px;"><img alt="İsrail'in Gazze'ye saldırılarında 2 bin 670 kişi hayatını kaybetti" class="rg_i Q4LuWd" data-atf="true" data-deferred="1" data-iml="832" 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" /></div><div class="Dv4WMb mvjhOe"></div><div class="PPklbc"><span class="YZs0De">4 gün önce</span></div></a></span><br /><br />Israel does not want a "two-state solution." The US and its followers are merely pretending to "want" it. Israel wants all Palestinians to accept annexation, pack up, and leave their homes. While the US unconditionally arms Israel, it advises patience to the Palestinians, who are turned into pariahs in their own land. Israel, relying on the unwavering support of the US, acts knowing that its crimes will go unpunished. The vetoes of the US, the UK, and France, three of the Five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council, are in Israel's pocket, which is why the "two-state solution" has become obsolete.<br /><br />The US and its Western allies impose sanctions on Russia for the alleged violation of the so-called "rules-based international order" in the Crimea by using force. In 2019, then-US President Donald Trump formally approved Israel's annexation of the Golan Heights. Current President Joe Biden, who continuously talks about the rules-based international order, has not even attempted to reverse this disgraceful decision made by Trump. The other two Western countries of the UN Security Council, however, content themselves with grumbling. Does the Western world raise its voice about the annexation of the Golan now?<br /><br />Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission, described Russia's attacks on civilian infrastructure in Ukraine as "war crimes." Von der Leyen stated in the European Parliament, "Depriving men, women, and children of water, electricity, and heat as winter approaches - these are pure terrorist acts. We have to name it as it is." These same leaders are shamelessly turning a blind eye to Israel's atrocities in Gaza. Their concept of a rules-based international order is nothing but the "law of the powerful." According to this mentality, the powerful are exempt from the rules, and only the weak must comply.<span><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn1.ntv.com.tr%2Fgorsel%2FbeUyW_EUD0y9nDhWzsC99A.jpg%3Fwidth%3D1000%26mode%3Dcrop%26scale%3Dboth&tbnid=V4nYZ3WA1SAuTM&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygDegQIARBL..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fgaleri%2Fdunya%2Fgozler-gazze-sinirinda-israil-kara-harekati-hazirligi-yapiyor-hamas-israil-catismalarinda-9-gun%2C89Qbhdx030SuM9lXHSTjSA&docid=R_uuo9eiko6tdM&w=1000&h=666&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygDegQIARBL" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><div class="fR600b islir" style="height: 184px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 2px; margin-top: -1px;"><img alt="Gözler Gazze sınırında | İsrail kara harekatı hazırlığı yapıyor (Hamas - İsrail çatışmalarında 9. gün) - Son Dakika Dünya Haberleri | NTV Haber" class="rg_i 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src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHCBYWFRgVFhYYGRgaGhkaHBwcHCEcGhocGhoaGhwcHBwcIS4lHB4rHxohJzgmKy8xNTU1GiQ7QDs0Py40NTEBDAwMEA8QHhISHzQrJCs0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDE0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ2NP/AABEIALcBEwMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAbAAACAwEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEDBAUGB//EADYQAAEDAgQDBwIGAQUBAAAAAAEAAhEhMQMEEkEFUWEicYGRobHwEzIGFELB0eHxI1JigpJy/8QAGQEBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQF/8QAJBEBAQACAgICAQUBAAAAAAAAAAECEQMhEjFBUSIEExRh0ZH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/APFoCApW0CEShE0EKQoKKhCEEoBCESgCiEQhBCFKIUEIIQFKqlKFKlQKhEIQQhBQqgKhCEAoUyoQRCIUoQQoKlCMoRKCgBBChSVCAlClCDQhCEaSoUoQCEIhAKChBQEoQCgoBBCCoCgkqAFMqYRSgKQFMKQoukIhPCghF0QtUQrSyiQptLNEQFYWdkO2khVkK7NIKgqUFVCwhSoKIEIUIBBQhAKFJKhGUKFJUFBMoUIQaUQhKHo0YoKQuTaggZQUoepLkElCJUKCUKFITahCCiRzQSpCgKVFDU7QkC2ZbKOe9jBd/wBvW4A8xCza3hhazhqZrKwtuTyZeXtg6g0lsD9Ta6fEAx1hPkcrLmyCZEtAF4n0osXOR3x4MrpjzWHB6EAjkefqCFmIXWz2Re2hH2maVHanf5dYcMQ4U3t3pjnudJnx2XtRiWA5KohX5lkOPeq8PBc6dImFuXpxyxu9KyllTiZbFB+widqXUPBH3CDutbjNxs9wKCoUqsBQpKGNkwE2IQh2Xe6NBG+6MPAePuippWqeUXxv0gIhD6GEhcqzTSgpQUakQyEsoQaHFVhO8pIRpMKEIDZpTxQDihdbK4bQwSKyax1K04jWiIZOqk8upXK8mnfHgtm9uLi4LXAAPr3T+6RmVY2D9TntT3WzPul32xEiefVdRuG2RQbbKXPUax4pbY4by3ZwIpX9koeOYXfxiA57dH2tnVAg0mO9Zcli62urpOwEEkQCTVScnXpbwSX2yYuToGz99LWivO9EzOCCZ1mn/HpPNWZmBEvceUQOk0HgtDssdnvi9+azcsp8t4YY22a9MWawNDgJmRNoVAXTw8rH63m9yD+yX8ozTOuh3kRekGFZyTXZlwW3cc9q9b+HmNfg1MPY9xY7kXNMNJ5EjzC4pyjG3cdzWPHbZX4vD3vw9GASXag57QYlsdl3UAg+YXPkymU1Hbh47hd+3r/w7m8PHc7GDQ1wbpxBziCHgeBHiOSqb+HMb6p+kDpY4Oa6KDV2gI6TC8jwfiD8u8gTJo4bkbz1Xvcl+PsJmCAWuLw2DyLv4Xmssvd6ejK5ybwkt+vpVxTJODtNATpBp+qptEaZ915TEyD9WGCxoLTpOxMuJBcOcm/IBd3F/F+FjYzHOxThYbdWpjmyDLYFWgmdUGem0rg4/wCJj9Y6gzEYHdlzRpc3tXHOAmHn8QuWNk8/f9Odn+G4jHuBG+5uqcHBxGBxgVjebVtC9DxnDJOsvkuNumxC5eZYSyA7SZvyXfHltmq5Z8GON3GYOeYlopWhvI381TmcBtXvbSlQTQWrHVbMVp1MhwABqP8AcKUWfiBI1HVI0jsddQqt43tzyx6cvHZpDng9kO0wduRHRQwGHS0Q06SZN7Lp4EPbpcyhcB/azjKw6rpDiSR/K6zL7efLi73GTEAAmPlluyTMI4Ye4VaJdfcmPZZ+J4bWABovP7JsjjxhO7AMNH/aS6lkvc2zjJMrKuzWDhtsINCb2M1nwTsyrSBfoZqnxXk/psAR1NafOatO21BPRY3XXxm2LNZVrWkgVpVZW5UOpqAMAxutPED2HCeXuFUANTDMGI6mgW5bpyyxlyVY2VLRMjbZZwKrbnQ2tTqgU2ibrEumN3O3LPGS9J1ISz8qhVhpchEKEEKRAv085ogqWnu+fulWOplj2fF3uVoxC6G6YiazuI2VGA0Fupgdo1EAuIknlIgTyCszmHGgPJYZoLSvNb292Esxc/PuOqsRt6XXWa6y4ecYNRIkyazsaUC6mVxtYB0uHKREwrlPxjON/KtWJql1tMU5zuuXw0DUQ6dR1R3QJC1kt1ur2tIkchFFTkwA+GihqSduyFmeq65d2OVxd4lui2hxrEyHGR6r0gjSByAHoF5XiWGRiE6QCZNhuYNesLvcPw4w283NDncySP4geCvJPxjlwW+d6ai6hWYvZ9NvZJZSADXputD2H4VU5r9E6a07rrlHqsXY7mwJbNHR0otfDcw5uPhubvpBBtDjEFZH6oGneZnu5+a734ZxgHHUASGgxF2zDh/827r/AKVzyuo6Yxw/xkxzc48w0fYWhvIgU75nzW/L/hlpw2kYmrExQS0ATpIgEHkJIE/wvSZzJ4LcWHML8N/+uyDBDiRqGq9wDAK72Hk2NLsVrIYWREQ6a2NwZN1wy5rqSfBuYTfd36/x8X4/kxgYzsMGdNCaRq3ggmR+8rp8KyTfyWNiwNYcGyRBZS4J56ojoEnHMJj8VjgSYa1haSDGiG0IoZFa7kqjiDdLPoscSwvcYmbgCY6x6hevHLyxk32z4eGVyrdkOJfmGgP1a20kEEEAUMXBlJmWDSQ6YmoWXgGUex+uIAqT0tTktubxBBIgkm0j5zUuplqEtywlvtnxdOtkmDNK051KzZ+CXGurSPLUr3PJLexNYPTqIB+BZ8677hpoW1d42XXH245eqnJh8VI+4f8Anl5q3Ev4rJlGNodRo4eauxHVKtnbMvTJxSw8UuQ16IBHa7LbTqkzS66WV4O7MuDRLWA9t8AhmqxNRSRfkCu9l+BYeC1obmGdl7XS6DJB/UAat6W8ymXLjjNfKYcOWWVy+HmcDE1yWuB7IFrGtT6eSfHeRAJ2HsujneE4bNbmYjXON4cNJFqHYwfFcbPamv0NAc0NAkVs20ihrIlMcpl6XPG4ztTnHywz09wjUJZSseVlB1RDmjrfz+clS550iOS6ydPNldXbRm3iSI2BlZCE31T881JxIqR5CVqddOeVmV2RCjEfXy9lC1thlxOJmukDx3C6WE8OaCDf33XExZbA0iYBNBczOyvws29g0t0wOirO3X0pMQUKwszb3GCWAC9xPctrns7I1it6iB6z4LNump27nAiBhQ5heDiwNLS7SdIhzoPZA5rpZnMs1Ri4TiGtBL3Mlg7M/eTQ7RzK5nA88MMFjTMukkEbgC3hdP8AiPMNezCYHOdPae0mB2Y0iwp2vRePLG5Z6fTx5Jjw7nuOdxTHBdqaGNI+3sgjxH6l38hnQ/DqyXC7GigrMtB2knxK8vivJuB5haeCcQ0ZgB3ZbpILtQqCDTzAXXkwlx6+Hm4eWzPv5dN+We1zyWUYG6jsAbV8VmyxJeSCABcW/T+y9fltTm6QxrxNBTtUP3TetzTkvMNyOh/b0nU1xhocGsDmGASbb7rhhyS729vLxWa08xxbHh8MfrEfdOqDqdTwEL1HAGtdhhuvWWtGqoJaSAYjltXkayvM57K6Xu0Hsgw2QLBoJp4r2n4Q4MfpOeSA4v0uNIAaQAW6dpdXuK7c1kweX9NL+7enQwOGAkTU0sduZO11Xn8gGsoW9ZItbzXUwsZjHaS4SDU9qptcit/Vc7inDHkuxGCJdZxAoD9wJ2jZeGZW19Oya6jMzLDSHyDaYMCbCY+UR+ZZgduXamiW6RIuQWuBsCOu3ULKzin0pDdEn7pIMmtj4lZncQY8kuLa3rTfYbrpMMr3XG8uE6l7erwOJYOLoeT2Q7sg/pdcgjb+wu3xH8XZdmAXNxA8jshrbzWAeQ6r561zWMABadXabBFQ4CJ3FNolcnNMDR2jLiZAFgOpi6zP0/lfemObPGyW/D2OV4bgvb9d72y5xLmiNMSSKzNQZ5+Ky5/g7dVCBaOUQO1bmvNYXEWHsxp7rdVcOKGQ3USKxuAu37GU9Vn+XjfceiwuHsYx+l5JJFOh6ilLeK5eM1gcXGxmlfCPGqfIcXazsuaXAg222ue9Y8TMtxCSAWFpsd5mx/dMePKXsy5sMpNf8asHJ4Ny8hxrAlsyaTNqbe6w8SLJLDQEXFYgzY9Vow8Vp0jUC8AmBMwIqelIVPE8IadTjE2nepoetV0xn5duWef49MWT0WL4rqHYJ7vt91sfkmPJ04+mA4mcN1LHeJPQLNk8BxcG/wC6gP8AAXRyuUIaXuFAxwaXGNToEGJB8eq1ndX2nFPLHuO5+EWMaMVzMT6jy2C3SWaW7OGq8n/CyZ7RpxHNJ+oMQgtpUEzQ8r/CuBwvjeMwljAxkh0uLZNiYDnSbi3NdHMvc7LtP63HU42Eg9/ouOXHl5br08fNj42RycfNGCCCJ1U2tZVOxpqL08h7pnkk1As7eRJAVjsMlocBuZM25SNl3kkeS25W9qsRxNZp/W5WIZZ0F3/EHlT+L+S3twnvALWEEFwMmpLbw26yZnGOkBxAIaGRWey4kTt/lbx245691mJ5J2k/BKT6c2P+eiZzHCoju3rZdHBswuF4jgHaRXrCFOBnnaR/qgdK0UrG8nXWH9uA4zukLq6d0+i5AmAJ/pUsbJmCPEBdXFrOXcx7WvaWmW0Ig1gihXQw3seCWtsYN7hcrMcUL3a3CXdmsADsiBQdybCzF3NETWOqzq1epenVAAtTuJHsVnzDQTQSQKySb1F+oSszRJAtULQSPgWdLaofl2AUAJk0g2EQZPOtOiuyDGDFYS1sB7ZmnrtVM09TTp71VPa1RpAE3madyWbmll1ZX0XLcUwmw9z3AmghhNQBMFopcV6qh2ZY+S9zAC2A1rXltQIoQ3THOt7LxZzLwwND+yDqAIpJAB3nYeSoOfxgfvpyAFotVeb+NPivb/OvzGjiGZY97tFGl3ZFNUaWitf+M+JXo+C8YccB7HQNLi5xghpD/wDB8wvAlrnRpoZErsMxXNBAd9wh0CZj+12z4pljI83Fz5Y5XL7ejx+Nswi0MYx9i42qP01FLKni/wCNcxjOBaRh4YAhoDXAUg1c2SVwL3J8v7VWOwAeUA96zjw4S+ttZ/qOTL5WZnHc9xe8lzjv1FBYdFUyduYMdax7q04jS2QK06g8/VI91BQV/pdpHC5W91bhlwe15cTEbyY5d0Js1jazqIcJNisuC0GZPcme8iPm6ai+V1pS8DaU7HQI8tkjnIBWmNrg93+4/wDpOx53Mm4rNQs7n0JnnYVWN2K7tAHVWhN4U0bdfCzel7XwC5tpOwmBHiozGZLpEiNRceUuMlcnAxhA1Xr0PondiAikzt8KeMXzutO8zPai2aOFZj9/Lkr8/wASe+paJuSLeVgvLs1Oo8SJ2gG0XCBhOYGvDjM32aTz6LPhN7b/AHspNOh9ck/d4Jg4m6rbxXFIe10EugWiNJJmOs+iyjiLZqHEdIC1pz23NxDEzzVQzTYcNUA3E38N0rc8w0c52mI+2tdqA1hUvyrDJBjoSa8jb90Xf06WTxi94DnE1n1EkTZY89mmanXEkkXpWiRjLkuBc0apqK8/u7XPzVbWBxkkHlIr6lNTZcrZoNzILYEkyKzHeIJqma2ZJOmLAlx1H/rPqqGuaCQ2dzbldPPPmqhoQq3SEKCWNjVUih91GC3TNIk/IVOAZJvJBn0r0Rgt56qcyYVTYGE4Ckcv7VjGEUpvPrZSTyVjTHzoimwXkOtSQPCP5Vz8xDXGmoA7U8lUHCkzceZsocy3eaqDVgYxLnCkANNOoM+yoe4txmEH7gQtOWwpaZJnoencqRjaK3IJif5UUuWzL3YbnE1brjwbKzvzDixhJu5wPhEK12ddG3p0UDNUgx6K6TbTlxBPzmqMPNSwOiO3XelXG/elLqgn7ZGoztNd+UqMXH1PJgaZMACBFhQJo2vOY7LSDUuMiKaYNvRU/mI16iaxA7omqHCkiCPaiyPxHOobAUV0lrfj45DmNaJbDZpXzlMcwDMWaYWJryBWk7z8opGJQAKm1uZdLez7qzBLg0ar9dwarM19ht3KX40280VqDx4pxBVGAyWgzVDg4D7Z8CpsNmDDTCy/mXARpAHL4FcWHkfJI5hMyNuRRKrwn6pkBNh9fgSMYaCOdgeR/lLg4bq9l1L0KKvOO0QDMqx9q2WbFBBHZIPUeVwrMXHe41Bjuj2CCxjmiwrbpWQI8FkbogVPktTWGJAtB+BUhogjT3k39LIEcWbH0TNdNvnmo0ju+dUxFrW5BBcLKqKfPl07XwoLwIugTL4gDqyZFoWnLhj9YJLYgiI7jssWj2Wnhj4xKWIg+kHzSiz8gOfqhP8AncXZg/8AB/lQp2aUNa24ESFBcIhM55GxVRc0GnKveqGoN0zakCCTsBziEQDcxFjMGZCRoc06pd0Mn0QXPaWmosaxFCPVS/EaR9wEGaz1sqXukRfdQ4A2paAFBtwuINa2Iceo6rFmcy11p8Qh+ASKHyqkOAYIMp0nYLgRRScOaAiCqnNo6OiRhcTAlaGn8sOZMU7t0MaJGlwd509ETtWtx3c0MwSaC5jeEVczLHVJOkEze9LBVtDJ+4Xsae6rYwiJmlpt4K4ZNzrQFDSnMsFII3FwaeCRje0fBW42Hoia7CFBECgj4FUqA0i5CC0zeiVjibxumcOXiiLmuIa1wsSQeQI/pdZ2ZvLovcwuTpaBeFpzGk0d4ecLNabhib6qd9PPxUHErE1Nq1p0VTCA0AVAG/SyXEzJ1tAaCI+6bfPllFV5jiAa6CHUp3+Z6LblnhzQ4GA7rv8AyuVmmy4yJE0jqK1XUyzGtYGi0H13SkZ3vY5wGppPQg+xS42JB0zWLJ8tw9jXNdWZIv0Oyre0ay4XiPb+EGbHd2e1IHTl3FUtxmRHb69ls+6uzLCRQElZfpu/2kW2Woh3Q4HTq8eXcE5Fu4eSnDZA5bJKxUoGSEiRJUNdNrKSyTIhTYDbw/eFOS1AnTenuEOACbD7FBWY95/ZNhn8QcDBIp3/AMIW78phmulvzxQpuDjN17J8TEc1xj2/dM1/UILhz5rQAZ0zM6RHfO/gjEfzKrGJVD3IyUP6ppAVah91GjsxSN10GO3NRykifJcqVf8AmDQCkKstj8IGNIveT3nlyokwMOorU/vQLMMTnZaMIFzg6BquANtpPgo01uyT9QLW0itRfzT5nKvaJ0QO8b9x5qcTiDwSW6SAY3uYv57c1VnOJvLSxwbtMAyNxBnop2MWO4NFu5aPqEAmfkrI3ESvdRaTbUcRromvJO5oIJEBc4Lo5XMMaDqA2A35z3KG2J/gpbizH7c02cxg50hukKhj4sqjU7DO/X0Ekequx3kRSTKoZjl06qkiCTe6bMvqBTeyNN+FiEtmIPI96ofm+2GhtyBJ/hK3B7JGsDcDn/22PRRLdQcRW460us6FGbkF1TM81dls04MFzBNrwOcgiKlGKA4knpPgnwcMNkEUPstfAnK5t7i1pBitZtQ8u9ZMy9utxlwM0ggBbPr6RIArG6yYjA5xcaE16em3coU2Jil7JrePh8UmC0Ex/wAXT5VQx40luxMz5fwnGXIJdsQajqI90lFTWAAyf5S475iPFMMM8wq8Z0CClSFe8wAEazztskLNx/aVhqstNTMSHVAM7FS3vBiqTBIqTBnmq3tgU8kF/wBBprWvcpWPUhTs6WsJmAnc0m8K85X9QMdAD5ymwsEgy7cGvl47Lozpm+mUuh0WK6D21Aj5sobJk1oYp7Js056hgmwW7S3VUbesphpFQPfxU2ac4DzCCKrW7DbJI3SFnkrtSFkKbCUPlKAgnXAjnBj53BJ9SVLgd0k1QMXolVkpkZEqTYp2iRIEqx2GYMtO23ejTMJ2QFYGwpwmgkarUnuQI1yYGq7WMzDfoYw1Agdk+M8h1XNxcDSS1wr7KbTQZhm9+l1eBBqNpoKjxNBzU4T4a6eVNuazNzTqgmkEeaKH4tSeagYnkqw+DKXCxdLgbwm01tcHHwSuaIpKuzGc1CBQrKzENpoptUMaTSfFaWYsCKBUsxq2Q98pIWtJxeX7V/dZsxjaqQAOe5VLnGwlVFPZDseRZBdy3ukUzRFS15CAUsKVFPoQl1ITtdx1HsMTX03VcHyohC0wMLELSTIkgiom/JSQQDapB+fNkIQAPd/lQ7yQhAT7hUvKEKhTPorMHDJa5ws2J8TAQhBbgZYOjtQdQkEUgmJkeyqfhtBcJiDQiY8jVCFk+EZnBAqLfIVD2EXQhWC/DZDdq/OStbhubQT3tdHv3oQggawak0vX3rVKXYl9RHjTy7kIQKGPmQfWPCitIdEGKqEIIeDZVDCneOv+EIQVlmyrYaoQs0PBUAFQhUPpi6G1ClCBHsLfFIGoQosQQmY0bqUIIcI3UXQhFRChCFUf/9k=" width="275" /></div><div class="Dv4WMb mvjhOe"></div><div class="PPklbc"><span class="YZs0De">2 gün önce</span></div></a></span><br /><br />In the face of Israel's collective punishment of a population condemned to live in Gaza under siege from all sides, the Western world remains silent. For decades, they turned a blind eye to Israel's forced settlements in the West Bank. While the US pretends to solve the problem, the annexationists never stopped. As the US stands in the way of Palestinians, the annexationists continue their work.<br /><br />The legitimacy of the so-called rules-based international order is being lost through the US. The narrative that supporting Israel is in the interests of the safe and sound North Americans surrounded by oceans is repeated. This narrative was also valid when the US devastated Iraq and Afghanistan. As the US constructs a "terror corridor" in Syria, the same narrative is reiterated.<br /><br />The first Western invaders in America considered the indigenous peoples as "inferior." This mindset justified all kinds of oppression. The "natives" welcomed the invading settlers, who looked like them, with curious eyes, affection, and open arms, offering feasts and gifts. Behind their fake smiles, the invaders hid daggers. At the first opportunity, they plunged their daggers. The invaders demanded more ships and more soldiers than their patrons in Europe to exterminate the "savages."<br /><br />The Israeli military claims it is fighting a war against "subhuman animals" to legitimize its massacres in Gaza. The so-called "civilized West" lines up behind Netanyahu, even described as "racist-fascist" by his political rivals. To facilitate Netanyahu's annihilation of "subhuman animals" in the prison called "Gaza," the US and the UK send the largest warships to the Eastern Mediterranean. The "civilized" facade of the West is crumbling. We already know their true face. Didn't Mehmet Akif describe the Western powers occupying our homeland in his 1921 "Independence March" as "the so-called civilization, the lone remaining monster with a single fang"?<p></p><p> </p><div class="ys-author-about-card-info__text"><p class="ys-author-about-card-info__name">Abdullah Muradoğlu</p><p class="ys-author-about-card-info__date">16/10/2023 Monday / YENİŞAFAK<br /></p></div><p> </p>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-39606666786218379782023-10-17T11:45:00.002+03:002023-10-17T11:45:33.182+03:00The Palestinian issue wounds the conscience of humanity<p> World War I has not ended yet. The colonial civilization of the West is the greatest calamity to befall humanity. Western colonial powers, while securing their own well-being and future for two centuries, condemned the rest of the world to wars and misery. Today, the ability of the Western colonial civilization to establish order is non-existent because all the rights and values they claim to be universal are, in practice, applicable only to themselves.<br /><br />The Ottoman Empire had established a peaceful order in the Middle East. A century after the collapse of this order, dozens of states were formed in the region. Each of these states indirectly fell under the control of Western colonial powers through leaders with a colonial mindset. Regions with a dense Muslim population gained an implicit status of independence after a painful process. Meanwhile, the Palestinian people were abandoned to the genocide and cruelty of the State of Israel for a full 70 years.<br /><span><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftrthaberstatic.cdn.wp.trt.com.tr%2Fresimler%2F2122000%2Fgazze-afp-2123845.jpg&tbnid=iNHtt8l3bJnBiM&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygFegQIARBQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fdunya%2Fisrail-gazzeye-saldirilarinda-bm-ve-uluslararasi-kuruluslarin-uyarilarina-aldirmiyor-804014.html&docid=IuTgiqes2tC-EM&w=1280&h=720&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygFegQIARBQ" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"></a></span></p><div class="fR600b islir" style="height: 169px; margin-top: 6px;"><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" 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" width="300" /></a></div><div class="Dv4WMb mvjhOe"></div><div class="PPklbc"><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftrthaberstatic.cdn.wp.trt.com.tr%2Fresimler%2F2122000%2Fgazze-afp-2123845.jpg&tbnid=iNHtt8l3bJnBiM&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygFegQIARBQ..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fdunya%2Fisrail-gazzeye-saldirilarinda-bm-ve-uluslararasi-kuruluslarin-uyarilarina-aldirmiyor-804014.html&docid=IuTgiqes2tC-EM&w=1280&h=720&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygFegQIARBQ" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><span class="YZs0De">2 gün önce</span></a></div><br />In fact, Judaism is a problem for Christians. Christians did not accept Islam and Judaism, two divine religions, in their natural state. They rejected Islam as idolatry and denigrated Jews as those who killed their own prophets. Since they did not accept Muslims into European lands, they did not live alongside them except in times of war.<br /><br />Jews, on the other hand, lived like semi-nomadic, semi-refugee people in Western cities. During the day, they spread out to the city center, and at night, they were confined to ghettos. In the Western cities of the Middle Ages, Jews were seen as lepers, and all kinds of evil, even spiritual curses, were believed to come from Jews. For example, in Spain, it is said that pork meat was kept in Jewish houses so that their neighbors would think they were Christians.<br /><br />It shouldn't be assumed that Christian animosity towards Jews is limited to what the Nazis did. Christian animosity and hatred towards Jews have flared up in Germany and other European countries after the expulsion of Jews from Spain at the end of the 15th century. This hatred continues to exist in societal undercurrents to this day.<span><a class="FRuiCf islib nfEiy" data-nav="1" data-navigation="server" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.euronews.com%2Farticles%2Fstories%2F07%2F95%2F96%2F28%2F320x180_cmsv2_12cc5ad7-c88b-5d5b-a719-4e0ed2507c7b-7959628.jpg&tbnid=dwEEZXEJ4CjjRM&vet=12ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygJegQIARBc..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fisrail-gazzeye-tam-abluka-uygularken-bidendan-iran-uyarisi&docid=c8xFBvYcJiTn8M&w=320&h=180&q=gazze&ved=2ahUKEwjKvfDJ2PyBAxUSOuwKHUEVDIQQMygJegQIARBc" role="button" style="height: 180px;" tabindex="0"><div class="fR600b islir" style="height: 169px; margin-left: -4px; margin-right: -5px; margin-top: 6px;"><img alt="İsrail, Gazze'ye tam abluka uygularken Biden'dan İran uyarısı | Euronews" class="rg_i Q4LuWd" data-atf="true" data-deferred="1" data-iml="833" height="169" 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" width="300" /></div><div class="Dv4WMb mvjhOe"></div><div class="PPklbc"><span class="YZs0De">5 gün önce</span></div></a></span><br /><br />As a result, Jews have suffered all kinds of atrocities from Christians, such as hatred, persecution, ostracism, being confined to ghettos, being perceived as half-animal, half-creature in medieval England, expulsion, and massacre. However, in the face of these atrocities, they now apply the same to Muslims. In other words, the victim of yesterday has become the oppressor of today.<br /><br />Judaism was a European problem. Zionists changed the route of the Jews to the promised lands. Western states also encouraged Jews to migrate and settle in Palestinian territories to get rid of them.<br /><br />On a TV broadcast, the traitorous member of the FETÖ (Fethullahist Terrorist Organization), Cemal Uşak, once stated that he supported Zionism. Their treachery had not been officially recorded yet at that time. They continued to act as if they were on the side of justice. I told him that all nations have the right to acquire land, but I do not accept a right acquired through invasion, usurpation, and oppression. Only imperialists can put forward such sentences as easily as you do, and I showed my reaction. He silently withdrew and remained silent.<br /><br />Israel's defined, legitimate borders do not exist. Zionists want to regain the promised lands in the millennium era. Large states, who are bound by international law, are operating their illegal affairs with their hired organizations for the past ten years. Western colonial civilization uses Israel as a kind of Wagner in the Middle East.<br /><br />States are going blind, and consciences are awakening. The world is witnessing the genocide that Palestinian civilians face, as if the dogs are unleashed, and the stones are tied. Deliberate and purposeful genocide and oppression of civilians are not acceptable to human conscience.<br /><br />The Palestinian issue, especially among Islamic countries, has begun to prick the conscience of the world again. Zionists will live in fear until the Day of Judgment. Their empires of fear, like their Iron Domes, will one day collapse. Just as in the 1970s, Palestine will regain a place in the hearts of humanity.<br /><br />Israel's cruelty mercilessly kills every Palestinian, whether young, child, or elderly. There is a principle in the universe: "The one who lives with oppression and cruelty will have a miserable end." This violence will do nothing but exacerbate counter-violence.<br /><br />In a TV program, a Zionist academic in Türkiye expressed the rottenness, corruption, and immorality within the oppressors by saying, "Shall we not kill those who cut up our children?" This is an expression of the dirty mindset. Power and might belong to the Almighty.<p></p><p> </p><p class="ys-author-about-card-info__name">İhsan Aktaş</p>15/10/2023 / YENİŞAFAK<br /><p> </p>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-28391393012172955422023-08-11T16:40:00.004+03:002023-08-11T16:41:25.957+03:00OUR BLESSED PROPHET Allah the Almighty made His Prophet both as the ‘envelope’ and the ‘letter’. Our Blessed Prophet ﷺ is like the envelope of a letter that contains the truths which deliver servants to divine wisdom. Those able to open the envelope and read the letter, can reap shares of divine secrets, wisdoms and truth. Again, according what has been said by the wise, the reason for the existence of all beings, is the divine love for the Muhammadan Light, which is the spiritual reality of the Prophet ﷺ. The entire universe has been created in honour of the Muhammadan Light and as its ‘letter’. A fine jewel is first placed on cotton, then preserved inside a precious box. The entire value of the box comes from the jewel it holds. And that is precisely how our Blessed Prophet ﷺ is the ‘letter’ of the ‘envelope’ that is the universe. The reason for existence of all beings is the love of Muhammad. The entire universe has been dedicated to our Prophet ﷺ, the Light of Being.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Rumi said: “Both worlds were created for one heart. Think carefully of the meaning of the expression, ‘If it were not for you, I would not have created the universe’!<br />“Come, o heart! The real festival is reunion with Prophet Muhammad. The light of the universe comes from the beauty of that sacred being.”<br /><br />***<br /><br />Yunus Emre said: <br /><br />The pride of the universe, the leader of Prophets,<br />Greet him with love and your sins shall melt<br />God praised, created him; loved and called him Friend,<br />Every flower on earth is Muhammad’s sweat<br /><br />***<br /><br />Allah the Almighty has displayed the model of ‘the perfect human’ which He desires through Islam, in the person of our Prophet ﷺ. He is a mercy to all the worlds, and a modal for all Muslims.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Allah the Almighty sent His Beloved Prophet ﷺ to mankind as an ‘uswatulhasana’, the best example. It is for that reason that the Almighty made the Prophet ﷺ begin his life at the most vulnerable level of society as an ‘orphan’, and then progressed him through all stages of life and ultimately carried him to the highest echelon of ‘Prophet’ and then the leader of a huge area. It is so that regardless of which position he may occupy in society, every person can take an example from the conduct of the Prophet ﷺ that relates to him, and realise these in accordance with his predispositions and capabilities.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet’s r sole teacher was Allah the Almighty. He never took any lessons from a human. Yet, he represents the peak of every single science today, from psychology and pedagogy to social anthropology and others that are concerned with the human being and analyse the soul. No psychological illnesses nor economic or social crises ever existed in the blissful society he raised.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The skill of every artist shows in their work. Hence, the greatest pedagogue mankind has ever seen is the Prophet Muhammad r, who managed to raise a generation of enlightened companions from a society of ignorance. Across his twenty-three-year Prophethood, he nurtured the society of the ‘Age of Bliss’, which will set an example for entire humanity until the day of judgment. The spiritual training that enabled the companions to build a civilisation of virtues, is the inevitable outcome of natural Prophetic education. Which pedagogue or psychologist could possibly achieve that today?<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Prophet Muhammad lit up the darkness of tyranny like a Prophetic sun. He, once again, reminded humans of their humanity. He healed consciences that had forgotten mercy. He softened rock-hard hearts that, amid the cries of their mothers, callously carried away daughters to be buried alive. He brought to life hearts that had turned into barren deserts, and rejuvenated them with the winds of mercy. Those who wanted to kill him, revived through him. Those who fostered enmity against him and Islam, found life in him.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Just as an adept gardener, in time, transforms many weeds and bushes into flower gardens through sheer effort, the arrival of our Prophet Muhammad r transformed deserts that had become pools of blood into a tranquil oasis. His smile revived many an arid heart, and adorned it with flowers of mercy. Hearts that had turned to coal in the pits of disbelief and denial, became shiny diamonds through his teachings and guidance. Many exemplary people sprung forth who will continue to show mankind the way until the final hour, much like the stars in the sky.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Many non-Muslim philosophers, historians and statesmen have had to confess the magnificence of the justice and peace that the Prophet Muhammad r brought to the world. One of them, French historian Lamartine says: “If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and astounding results are the three criteria of human genius, who could dare to compare any great man in modern history with Prophet Muhammad? The most famous men created arms, laws and empires only. They founded, if anything at all, no more than material powers, which often crumbled away before their eyes. This man moved not only armies, legislation, empires, peoples and dynasties, but millions of men in one-third of the then-inhabited world.”<br /><br />***<br /><br />British writer Thomas Carlyle said: “No emperor wearing a crown has received as much love and respect as Prophet Muhammad who wore a mantle he had patched himself.”<br /><br />***<br /><br />Philosopher Lafayette, who was among the ideological architects of the bloody 1789 French Revolution, studied all the legal systems before the publication of the famous Human Rights Declaration. But upon seeing the superiority of Islamic law, he could not help but say: “Muhammad! No one has never again reached the level you reached in realising justice!”<br /><br />***<br /><br />German intellectual and poet Goethe (who many believe did actually become a Muslim) dedicated the following lines to our Noble Prophet ﷺ: “You are a majestic mountain spring! From whom everyone imbibes You take your brothers under your wings Away from the sands of scorching desert, And take them beyond the hills to the eternal seas” Thus, even fair and honest non-Muslims have acknowledged the Prophet’s virtue and eminence deep in their hearts.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Just as the Prophet Muhammad r served as a means to reform an unruly society of ignorance in the past and transformed it into a society of bliss, it is again his breath of mercy that will save and bring peace to humanity today. His rejuvenating standards are the prescription not just for his age, but for all ages and generations to come until the day of judgment.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Until our Prophet ﷺ dawns upon the spirit of humankind like a sun, no light can be thrown on the darkness into which the modern age of ignorance had descended with a tyranny and injustice that only grows by the day. Until hearts are cleansed with the fountain of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, it is impossible to wash away the soot of the hellfire raging through disbelief and immorality, and escape its spiritual crises.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Noble Qur’an states: “Allah showed great kindness to the believers when He sent a Messenger to them from among themselves to recite His signs to them and purify them and teach them the Book and the Wisdom.” (Al-i Imran, 3:164)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Blessed Prophet ﷺ is our greatest treasure. Even if we had all the wealth of the world, what good would it be if we did not know Allah’s Messenger? Both the earth and our lives on it are bound to end. On the other hand, the peace and happiness of knowing the him and following him genuinely with our hearts is eternal.<br /><br />***<br /><br />At every moment of our lives, we must cherish the privilege of being part of the nation of our Prophet ﷺ, whose heart was filled with mercy and compassion for us. We must not get drowned in the seeming importance of passing worries and concerns. We must think: Can there ever be a greater gift, a more lavish wealth and more glorious kingdom than being part of the Prophet’s nation? Can there possibly be a greater honour and privilege for a heart than to be attached to him?<br /><br />***<br /><br />Being a part of the nation of the Noble Messenger r from around 124,000 other Prophets, is a tremendous gift we have received free of charge. How aware are we of this blessing? At what level is our effort to show our gratitude for this enormous gift? To show proper gratitude, it is vital that we obey him throughout our entire lives, and strive to become worthy members of his nation.<br /><br />***<br /><br />In referring to him, we must use honorary and loving titles such as ‘the Messenger of Allah’, ‘the Prophet’, ‘Allah’s Beloved’, ‘the Pride of the Universe’ and ‘the Nobel Prophet’. And every time we hear his name, we must ask Allah to bless him and grant him peace.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever forgets to ask for blessing me will lose his way to paradise.” (Ibn Majah, Iqamah, 25) “A miser is he who when my name is mentioned right beside him, does not ask for blessing and peace to be upon me.” (Tirmidhi, Dawaat, 100)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet ﷺ said: “A person who does not ask for blessing and peace on me despite hearing my name mentioned, is not of me. Allah! Maintain relations with he who maintains relations with me. And break off relations with he, who breaks off relations with me.” (Daylami, al-Firdaws, III, 634)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Umar said: “A prayer is suspended between the heavens and Earth, and is not raised until the prayer on the prophet is made.” (Tirmidhi, Witr, 21)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Abu Bakr said: “Asking for peace and blessings on the Prophet destroys sins quicker than water puts out fire. Sending him greetings with love and sincerity is more virtuous than freeing many slaves. Loving the Messenger of Allah is better than abstinence, selfstruggle, and even swinging a sword in the way of Allah.” (Baghdadi, Tarikhu Baghdad, VII, 161) Of course, this is only on the condition that the Prophet ﷺ is taken as an example and followed in every aspect of life from faith and worship to social interactions and morals. Only hearts that achieve this can reach the splendid rewards of loving the Prophet ﷺ, and of sending him greetings and salutations.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Greeting any other person annuls ritual prayer. Yet, far from annulling it, greeting the Prophet ﷺ whilst sitting during the prayer perfects it.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Regardless of who they may be, those who do not show due respect to the Prophet ﷺ are ignorant and foolish. (See, Al-Hujurat, 49:4)<br /><br />***<br /><br />A believer must always accept the Qur’an and Sunnah as the standard, and take the following verse as a principle of life to avoid falling into the ignorance and effrontery of giving precedence to personal views and opinions ahead of the Qur’an and Sunnah: “You who believe! do not put yourselves forward in front of Allah and His Messenger; and have taqwa of Allah. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (Al-Hujurat, 49:1)<br /><br />***<br /><br />The rules of etiquette which the Qur’an cites such as “not putting oneself forward in front of Allah and the Messenger” and “not raising one’s voice above the Prophet’s”, also teach us precisely how to follow our Prophet ﷺ. When there is a Prophetic ruling on a given matter, a Muslim must never prefer his own personal opinion. Even if may be at odds to his own personal desires or interests, he must still follow the command of Allah and His Messenger, knowing full well that they always contain a mercy, wisdom and abundance.<br /><br />***<br /><br />For a life that attracts the pleasure of Allah Y, we must refrain from interpreting our religion according to our whims, accepting what suits us and abandoning what does not. We must avoid distorting our understanding of Islam from our own illusions and desires.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Islam is not something we can pick and choose from according to what our selves desire. Islam is a whole. No one can be a believer unless he accepts and affirms it in its entirety. Faith is indivisible; it cannot be split up into parts. It functions only as a whole. In terms of the outcome awaiting a person, there is no difference between rejecting the entire Qur’an and denying just a single part of it. Both nullify a person’s faith.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Allah states: “You who believe! Respond to Allah and to His Messenger when he calls you to what will bring you to life.” (Al-Anfal, 8:24) “Whatever the Messenger gives you should accept and whatever he forbids you should forgo.” (Al-Hashr, 59:7) “You who believe! obey Allah and obey the Messenger. Do not make your actions of no worth.” (Muhammed, 47:33)<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Prophet ﷺ never spoke out of desire. He was only the translator of divine revelation.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Without ever feeling the need to question the Prophet’s commands within the narrow confines of reason, the companions would immediately put them into effect, regardless of whether they knew their underlying wisdom or not. After all, the Prophet ﷺ was receiving instructions from his Lord, the creator of reason. From this perspective, following the Messenger the most reasonable of all humans, is the most rational way for man whose own mind is afflicted with many delusions and fantasies. As Yusuf Khas Hajib said: “The words of a smart man are eyes for the mindless.”<br /><br />***<br /><br />When man acts with the assumptions and guesswork of his own deficient mind, he can be dragged into errors thinking he is doing the right thing. It is therefore essential never to put oneself before Allah Y and His Messenger r; in other words, never say “I think” when the rulings of the Qur’an and Sunnah are clear.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The late Necip Fazil beautifully delivers the kind of loving submission we must all show to Allah Y and His Messenger r: Never say I have an eye, reason and opinion; kill them all What appears as desert to you is a lake, if he says so<br /><br />***<br /><br />Reason has value only within the content of the Qur’an and Sunnah. On the importance of casting all the doubts and questions of the mind aside, and binding the heart to Allah Y and His Messenger r, Rumi said: “While successful in our worldly affairs, reason, by its nature, proves deficient in reaching wisdom and divine secrets, in other words, Marifa. This sublime journey needs a vehicle. And that vehicle is the heart; it is ecstasy, passion and rapture. So, sacrifice reason to ‘the Chosen’.”<br /><br />***<br /><br />The companions and saints have obeyed our Prophet’s every word and command with loving submission. We also need to follow their example in avoiding one of the biggest illnesses of our time, which is ‘neglecting Sunnah’.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Approaching the ‘Muhammadan Truth’ is not the work of reason. It is a matter of the heart and submission. Our mental grasp of the ‘Muhammadan Truth’ is no different to a child trying to grasp metaphysical events.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The daughter of Seljuk sultan, wife of the vizier and disciple of Rumi , Gurju Khatun once commissioned the famous palace painter and muralist Aynu’d-Dawlah, who originally was Greek, to paint a portrait of Rumi . The painter appeared before Rumi and explained the request. Rumi looked at him with a smile and said: “Go ahead, if you can do it, that is!” The painter began to draw his portrait. But every time, he realised that the face in front of him assumed a different expression that had nothing to do with what he was painting, which forced him to start anew. While trying to draw a portrait of Rumi, he ended up going through twenty leaves. In the end, he was forced to admit his incapacity, and abort the project. He then put the pen and paper aside, and grabbed hold of Rumi’s hand, as the talented painter’s art had just disappeared within the lines of the Shaykh’s face. According to tradition, the experience awakened the painter’s heart and sent him into deep thoughts on a journey towards the spiritual worlds. Eventually, he began to envisage the image of the Prophet ﷺ through the window that had opened up in his heart, and his tongue spilled the words: “If such is the saint of this religion, imagine how its Prophet is?”<br /><br />***<br />To people asking him to describe the Messenger of Allah r, Khalid Ibn Walid t would say: “The person sent reflects the majesty of the sender!” In other words, since the sender is the Lord of all the worlds, just imagine the status of the Messenger He has sent!<br /><br />***<br /><br />Each person’s understanding is determined by the makeup of their heart. The vision of the eyes also depends on the heart. It is really the heart that sees. The eyes are like the glasses. For example, when Abu Bakr t looked at the Prophet ﷺ, upon that shiny mirror, he saw a monument of virtue in the form of a man. He gazed at the love, honesty and character of his own inner realm. He became such a great lover of the Prophet ﷺ that he exclaimed, “May my own life, wealth and everything I have be sacrificed in your way, Messenger of Allah!”. He missed him even when by his side, and he could never get enough of gazing at his beautiful face. In contrast, the heart of Abu Jahl had become tarred with disbelief and ignorance. Hence, when he looked at the Messenger he could not see beyond his own inner grudge, darkness and gloom. He got dragged into a terrible hatred, and became a sworn enemy. But in the end, like so many examples in our times, he managed to do no more than turn his own fate into an endless episode of torment.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Blessed Prophet ﷺ said: “Except for the rebellious among the jinn and mankind, everything between the heavens and Earth knows that I am the Messenger of Allah.” (Ahmad, III, 310) Unless they are blind, eyes can most certainly see him. Unless they are jaded, they can find no fault in him. In other words, those who try to ascribe faults to him really do nothing more than expose their own faults. Far from besmirching him, mankind ought to think of how to properly thank the Prophet ﷺ. A heart that is not filled with gratitude towards him, knowing how much he struggled from his birth to his death for the salvation and guidance of humanity, is not much of a heart at all.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Prophet ﷺ is the only person in history whose entire life has been documented to the smallest detail. All books of the Islamic tradition have been written with the aim of explaining one book and one person. That book is the word of Allah Y, the Quran, while the person is His Beloved Prophet ﷺ.<br /><br />***<br /><br />One wonders just how much all the biographies of the Prophet ﷺ combined, can really explain the sublime reality of the last Messenger with mere ink and paper. We cannot fully grasp his lofty and unique rank with our limited minds. In fact, it is due to the insufficiency of human understanding on this matter that Allah the Almighty personally presents and honours him.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Getting to know the Prophet ﷺ is not simply a chronological reading activity. People who know him the most are those whose lives most closely resemble his. Likewise, people who most intimately know the Prophet ﷺ are those able to practice his Sunnah with a righteous sensitivity, and who, with hearts bursting with love and longing, act as a moon to his sun of mercy.<br /><br />***<br /><br />People who have the best understanding of the Prophet life are those whose lives most resemble it. People who know the Messenger of Allah r the best are those who meticulously live out his Sunnah.<br /><br />***<br /><br />A true study of the Prophet’s r biography allows for the love of Allah and His Messenger to make its way into our hearts and activates our aspiration to follow the Sunnah, just like the companions.<br /><br />***<br /><br />We get to know our Blessed Prophet ﷺ not so much by reading him on written lines but reading him through the heart. The most beautiful study of the Prophet’s biography takes place in the inspired hearts of righteous scholars and masters who embody the Prophetic morals.<br /><br />***<br /><br />While it is important to know the Prophet ﷺ through his words, actions and conduct, it is also vital to become familiar with his sensitivities of the heart. This means becoming familiar with: <br />✓ His unwavering preference for the afterlife, <br />✓ His abstinence and asceticism, <br />✓ His sincerity and piety, <br />✓ His perfection in action, and consciousness of being under the Almighty’s watch,<br /> ✓ His state of focus during worship, <br />✓ His awe, self-denial and deep contemplation in the face of the manifestations of divine power and glory, <br />✓ His exceptional politeness, elegance, etiquette and modesty in social interactions, <br />✓ His vast mercy and compassion for all creatures,<br /> ✓ His matchless generosity, sacrifice and selflessness, and every other one of his exemplary qualities. It is impossible to get to know our Prophet ﷺ by restricting ourselves to the narrow confines of written lines. We may only know him by leading lives in the direction of his Sunnah.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Allah the Almighty states: “A Messenger has come to you from among yourselves. Your suffering is distressing to him; he is deeply concerned for you; he is gentle and merciful to the believers.” (Al-Tawbah, 9:128)<br /><br />***<br /><br />From among all Prophets, it was in the Messenger r that the Almighty manifested the pinnacle of mercy and compassion and that Prophet of Mercy himself said: “Beware! I am means for your security whilst I am alive. And when I die, I shall exclaim in my grave, ‘O Lord! My nation, my nation…’ until the first horn is blown for judgment.” (Ali al-Muttaqi, Kanzu’l-Ummal, v. 14, p. 414) It appears that our Prophet ﷺ is still with us, his nation. But who are we with?<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet’s r greatest worry was the peace and eternal salvation of his nation. It is a duty of loyalty for every believer, honoured to be part of his nation, to return the love our Prophet ﷺ had in his heart, not just during his lifetime but also now in the eternal realm.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Even during his final breaths, the Blessed Prophet ﷺ had forgotten about his own pain, and was instead anxious for the eternal salvation of his nation. At his moment of passage, he kept advising, “Be careful about the prayer! Be careful about the rights of those you protect! And fear Allah regarding them!” until he lost his voice. And in doing so, he instilled in us the need to sustain our efforts in a way that increases all the way until our very last breath.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Prophet ﷺ is utterly merciful and compassionate towards his nation. But how much do we love him, and exhibit his mercy and compassion? When our Prophet’s heart pounded for his nation, how sensitive are we for deprived and persecuted Muslims? In homage of his beautiful conduct, how much are we able to represent the smile, politeness and elegance of Islam? How much are we really striving to convey Islam with our hearts and souls to people awaiting guidance?<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Blessed Prophet ﷺ said: “My life is beneficial for you: You undergo certain experiences for which you receive divine revelation and rulings. My death is also beneficial for you: Your deeds are presented to me. When I see a good deed, I thank Allah; and when I see a bad deed, I repent to Allah on your behalf.” (Haythami, IX, 24)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our deeds are presented to the Prophet ﷺ. Do our deeds cast worry into his heart or expressions of gratitude? Tomorrow, at the plain of resurrection, our deeds will once more be presented to him and he will be relentlessly prostrating for our forgiveness. During that turmoil, will we be among those invited under the Prophet’s banner or among others banished with the cries of, “You deserted his Sunnah! So, begone! Begone!”<br /><br />***<br /><br />The feeling we have of loyalty to our guiding light, the Blessed Prophet ﷺ is an inexhaustible treasure in our hearts that we benefit from throughout our entire lifetime. That Prophet of Mercy r had a deeper compassion for his nation than parents have for their children. But he also expects loyalty from us. During his Farewell Sermon, he said: “Know that I will go before you, and wait for you by the pool of Kawthar in paradise! I will rejoice with your numbers compared to other nations. Don’t embarrass me!” (See, Muslim, Hajj, 147; Abu Dawud, Manasiq, 56)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet’s concern was for his nation. Likewise, ours should be too. Our greatest desire and aim should be to put a smile on his face. The more we feel concern for Muslims, the happier our he will be with us. On the other hand, getting drowned in a tide of selfishness and egoism, and wasting the capital of our lives in self-interest and greed, will make him sad and unhappy on our behalf.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Prophet ﷺ is the only fountain of mercy and passion that can take a servant to the ocean of divine love. As the Qur’an states: “Say, ‘If you love Allah, then follow me and Allah will love you and forgive you for your wrong actions.” (Al-i Imran, 3:31)<br /><br />***<br /><br />We may only reach the love of Allah the Almighty through obedience to and love of his beloved. The gates of divine love are shut for anyone who has neglect, hesitation or doubt on this path. The Qur’an confirms that to love the Prophet is to love Allah Y; to obey him is to obey Allah Y, while rebelling against him is rebellion to Allah Y.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Hasan Al-Basri narrates: “The companions once asked: ‘Messenger of Allah! We love Allah so much but we would also like to know the sign of truly loving Him.’ Thereupon, the Allah revealed the verse, ‘Say, ‘If you love Allah then follow me and Allah will love you and forgive you for your wrong actions.’ (Al-i Imran, 3:31)” (See, Tabari, Jamiu’l-Bayan, 6845, 6846)<br /><br />***<br /><br />No love in the hearts of the companions surpassed their love for Allah and His Messenger; neither wealth, nor children, nor their own lives. It is because the love of all these is bound to remain on Earth, whereas the love for Allah and His Messenger are the heart’s capital for an eternal joy.<br /><br />***<br /><br />A true lover derives pleasure from showing sacrifice for the beloved. It was with this kind of love and enthusiasm that the companions would proclaim: “May my parents, wealth and everything I have be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah!” With a rapturous faith, they took the Prophet’s letters of invitation to Islam to lands far and beyond, from China and Samarkand to Africa and Istanbul. By doing so, they proved the sincerity of their love of Allah and His Messenger.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The noble companions were able to find the peace of heart by melting all their spiritual convulsions and egotistic questions in the crucible of submission to Allah and His Messenger. After all, they had got to know the Prophet up close and personal and came to greatly admire him. Hence, finding a place inside his heart, however small, appealed to them more than any worldly gain conceivable, and they took pleasure in immediately making any sacrifice they could to that end. How near are we to that selfless outlook?<br /><br />***<br /><br />The higher our hearts reach in loving our Prophet, the greater will be the peace we obtain in this world and the rank we gain in the next.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Being a member of his nation is a tremendous gift. We need to love him more than ourselves to be able to drink from his Kawthar pool in the hereafter, gather under banner of Praise (Hamd), and receive his good testimony and intercession.<br /><br />***<br /><br />He has described the degree of love we should feel for him: “By Allah who holds my life in His hand of might, none of you have Iman until I am dearer to you than your mother, father, children and all mankind.” (Bukhari, Iman, 8)<br /><br />***<br /><br />People who do not experience the love of the Prophet ﷺ in their hearts can never taste true Iman (faith/belief). The seeds of true Iman only blossom in the soil of loving him because he is the focal point where divine love manifests. It is this divine love which develops and perfects the passing passions inherent within our creation. He is the source of the heart’s abundance and inspiration. His soil of love has turned many a rock-hard heart into a pure a gem.<br /><br />***<br /><br />Rumi said: “O Ignorant one! Take a look at the miracles of Musa and Muhammad. How did that staff become a snake, or the date trunk acquire wisdom and begin to weep?” “The Blessed Muhammad r ended up caressing the date trunk that wept from his separation. You are no less valuable than a tree. So, become that date trunk, and weep over your separation from the Prophet!”<br /><br />***<br /><br />Suleyman Celebi writes: “An extraordinary light whose moth is the sun”, whereby he metaphorically refers to the sun as a moth that lovingly spins around the Prophet. The only way to bring hearts from the darkness to the light is become a satellite around that guiding sun.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The Messenger of Allah r said: “Some of the people among my nation who will love me the most will hail from the generations after me. Just to see me, they will be willing to lose all their wealth, even their families.” (Muslim, Jannah, 12; Hakim, IV, 95)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Our Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever visits me after my death, it will be like he has visited me in life!” (Daraqutni, Sunan, II, 278)<br /><br />***<br /><br />Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan said: Out of love was Muhammad born, What is love if of Muhammad it’s forlorn? In other words, unless we follow his path, love those he loves and prove our love with righteous deeds, the words of affection we utter will have absolutely no meaning.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The feeling of ‘loyalty to the Messenger of Allah’ inside the heart of a true believer is a rose that never withers. Loyalty knows no autumn. Believers who water their hearts from the spring of loyalty turn their hearts into a rose garden through the breezes of mercy blowing from Prophetic morals. Such a rose garden this is that it contains buds of dhikr, nightingales of glorification, fountains of righteous deeds, and flowers of faith, wisdom and divine mercy.<br /><br />***<br /><br />The beauty and fragrant perfection of the rose is a metaphor of the Prophet ﷺ. Blissful are those able to become dews on its leaf.<br /><br />ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-9202117657639672842022-10-20T20:00:00.007+03:002023-11-19T13:53:18.959+03:00Prophet Muhammad: Mercy to the Worlds<iframe frameborder="no" height="90" id="AudioNativeElevenLabsPlayer" scrolling="no" src="https://elevenlabs.io/player/index.html?publicUserId=b1058c1d64dd204d08c098ec15a78e9c23afb964052f4ff9c94e055ba93ef4b2&small=true&textColor=rgba(0,%200,%200,%201)&backgroundColor=rgba(255,%20255,%20255,%201)" width="100%"></iframe>
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, is a <b>Radiant Lamp</b> (<i>siraj al-munir</i>) before all humanity, or a lamp of eternity illuminating all darkness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, is a wonder of the art of the Divine power becoming manifest in
humankind. He is the most perfect criterion and the nonpareil exemplar
presented to humanity.<span id="more-8974"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In the words of a verse from the Qur’an, he is a Prophet who has been sent <b>“as an unequalled mercy for all the worlds…”</b> (See Qur’an 21:107)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That is to say, Allah Almighty bestowed
him, upon him be peace and blessings, as a mercy upon all creatures,
animate or inanimate – upon stone and soil, river and sea, the earth and
heavens, time and space, and in particular, upon humankind.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a> <p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Were it Not For Him</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Humankind has attained the boundless
ocean of the All-Merciful’s grace and forgiveness by virtue of the love
of our Lord towards the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). As is stated in a
Prophetic Tradition:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When Adam, peace be upon him, slipped into the error (which led</i><i> to his descent upon earth), he said, ‘O Lord, I ask You, for the sake of Muhammad, to forgive me.’</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Allah the Exalted said, </i><i>‘O Adam, how do you know of Muhammad when I have not yet created him?’</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>He said, </i><i>‘O Lord, When you
created me and breathed into me out of Your Spirit, I raised my head and
saw written on the pillars of the Supreme Trhone, “There is no god but
Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,” and I knew that You would
not attach to Your name any save the most beloved of creation to You.’</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Allah the Exalted said, ‘You have
spoken the truth, O Adam, for he is indeed the most beloved to Me of
creation and as you have asked Me by virtue of him, I have forgiven you.
<b>Were it not for Muhammad, I would not have created you.'”</b></i>(Hakim, <i>Mustadrak</i>, I, 672)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The True Day of Rejoicing</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As beautifully depicted by <b>Mawlana Jalal al-Din al-Rumi</b>:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Come, O heart, the true day of
rejoicing is the day of reunion with Muhammad, as the light of the
universe is from the light of his blessed existence.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Obedience to the Messenger is Obedience to Allah</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One who loves Allah and wants for Allah
to love them must wholeheartedly obey the Eternal Pride of the Universe,
as obedience to him is, in effect, obedience to Allah the Exalted. As
is declared in a Qur’anic verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“He who obeys the Messenger </b>(thereby) <b>obeys Allah.”</b> (4:80)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Again, as communicated in a Qur’anic
verse, earning the love of Allah Almighty can only be acquired by way of
love towards His Beloved Messenger:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Say </b>(to them, O Messenger)<b>: ‘If you indeed love Allah, then follow me, so that Allah will love you and forgive you your sins.'”</b>(3:31)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Messenger’s Life is an Effective Commentary of the Qur’an</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is declared in a Qur’anic verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“The Trustworthy Spirit brings it down on your heart, so that you may be one of the warners </b>(entrusted with the Divine Revelation)<b>, in clear Arabic tongue.” </b>(26:193-195)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That is to say, by descending upon the
heart of the Messenger of Allah, the Qur’an found expression in his
every state and manner and became imprinted on his words and actions,
his conscience and consciousness, and upon every single corpuscle of his
existence. In this way, the twenty-three year Prophethood of the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became manifested in the form
of a living commentary of the Qur’an. Allah Almighty exhibited the
Divine truths and virtues in his exemplary character. In this respect,
the mysteries and wisdoms of the Qur’an can only be understood by means
of benefiting from the spiritual tapestry of Allah’s Messenger, upon him
be peace and blessings.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Human History’s Inscription of Honour</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The only Prophet and the only human
being throughout history about whose entire life each and every detail
has been recorded is the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, the <b>Prophet Muhammad</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings. Only a certain portion of the
exemplary behaviour of the Messengers in the chain of Prophethood –
each of whom served as a standard of leading humanity to truth and
goodness – have been transmitted to our day. However, all the words,
actions and even the inner world of the Prophet of the End of Time, upon
him be peace and blessings, from the most simple to the most complex
and finest, have been traced moment to moment and recorded in the form
of an inscription of honour in the annals of history. What is more, by
the special grace of Allah, these have been privileged with transmission
from beyond the centuries all the way until the Last Day on earth.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Ocean of Virtue</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The exemplary character, manner and morality of the Messenger of Allah, the <b>Pride of the Universe</b>
and the leader of the Prophets, upon him be peace and blessings,
resembles a boundless ocean, while that of the other Prophets is akin to
the rivers pouring into it. He possessed all the distinguishing
qualities and virtues, known and not known, of all the reported 124,000
Prophets who came before him and represents the epitome of noble
character and attributes. Over and above the advancement of humanity in
thought and manner of living until his era, he has been sent as the
‘Prophet of the End of Time’ who is to serve as the exemplar character
to address their needs until the last day.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Indeed, the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I have been sent to perfect good character.”</i> (<i>Muwatta’</i>, Husn al-Khuluq, 8)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Epitome of Noble Character</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Implied in noble character is to take
on, or emulate the character of the Messenger of Allah, upon him be
peace and blessings. His character is confirmed and extolled in the
Qur’an in the following words:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“You are surely of a sublime </b><b>character, and do act by a sublime pattern of conduct.”</b> (68:4)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As a matter of fact, when asked about the character of Allah’s Messenger, <b>‘A’isha, </b>may Allah be well pleased with her, said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“His character was the Qur’an.”</i> (Muslim, Musafirin, 139)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Our Debt of Gratitude to Allah’s Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Our love, respect and
mannerliness towards the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, our following his elevated Sunna and our being closely
acquainted with him is a trial of piety and God consciousness for our
hearts. </b><b>(See Qur’an 49:3-4)</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A heart that is not filled with feelings
of gratitude before his struggle for the salvation and guidance of
humankind from the moment of his honoured arrival to the world until his
demise, is perhaps not be called a heart at all.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mawlana Jalal al-Din al-Rumi</b> says:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O you who is Muslim today! Had it not been for the endeavour and noble ambition of Ahmad</i><i>,
upon him be peace and blessings, in destroying the idols, you would
have now been engaged in idol worship just like your forebears.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Monument of Reliance and Surrender</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The<b> Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, endured endless hardship and suffering throughout his life. He himself said,<i> “…and I have been subjected to harm in the way of Allah, such that no one has been subjected.”</i>
(Tirmidhi, Qiyama, 34/2472) Indeed, he endured the greatest of
suffering in being witness to the death of seven of his children. He was
insulted and stoned at Ta’if. The torture and torment endured by the
first Muslims grieved him greatly. His eminent Companions, his beloved
uncle <b>Hamza</b> and <b>Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr</b>
first and foremost, were martyred. The most precious students of the
Qur’an were entrapped and killed in the Bi’r Ma’una and Raji’ incidents.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">But none of these tribulations were able
to impair his stoicism and self-possession. He met all these in a state
of great maturity and resignation. He paid no mind to any fleeting
tribulation for the sake of earning the good pleasure and approval of
His Lord. Despite his heart being seared with countless sorrows, he
always had a smile on his face. No one would ever see him sullen face,
scowling, or with a glowering countenance. Within the repose of
togetherness with his Lord, he was constantly of cheerful countenance
and used to reflect the smiling face of Islam no matter what the
circumstances.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In short, Allah the Exalted rendered His
beloved Messenger the most excellent example by putting him through the
hardest of trials and tribulations in order for us to also maintain a
state of reliance, surrender and resignation in the face of life’s
bitter and sweet surprises, hardship, anguish and suffering.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Forever the Most Trustworthy, the Most Compassionate</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even those who denied the Prophethood of the Messenger of Allah referred to that Sun of Guidance with the honorific <i>Al-Amin</i>,
the Trustworthy. They affirmed the fact that he had never once lied.
Even when fighting against him, they entrusted their most prized
possessions to his care. They too benefited from his truthful, reliable
and honest character. When the Makkan polytheists who had subjected the
Muslims to a brutal boycott for three years themselves faced famine and
hunger years later, they still took refuge beneath that Prophet of
Mercy’s wings of beneficence and kindness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>He Always Kept His Word</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, possessed such a state of steadfastness and truthfulness that even <b>Abu Sufyan,</b>
who was one of the bitterest enemies of Islam at the time he had not
accepted the Messenger’s Prophethood, responded to Byzantine Emperor <b>Heraclius’</b> question, “Was he ever accused of lying?” saying, “Never. He always keeps his word.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Even the Unbelievers Put their Trust in Allah’s Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the bitterest enemies of the Messenger of Allah, <b>Abu Jahl</b>, and his friends, once said to him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Muhammad, by God, we do not belie
you, for you are the most truthful person in our eyes. Rather, we belie
what you have brought to us.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In this way, they outwardly rejected
this truth that they accepted in their conscience, purely on the basis
of their vain desires. Allah, exalted and glorified be He, revealed the
following verse from the Qur’an and thus unveiled their wretched state:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b>(O Messenger!)<b> We know indeed that the things </b>(lies, mockery, and slanders)<b> that they say grieve you: yet, it is not you that they deny and give the lie to </b>(they cannot very well call you a liar, since they themselves have called you ‘the trustworthy one’)<b>; rather, it is the signs and Revelations of Allah that the wrongdoers obstinately reject.”</b> (6:33)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Allah’s Messenger Fulfilled Trusts</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the Battle of Khaybar, a shepherd, a slave of a Khaybarite Jew, came to the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings. After conversing with him for a short
time, he accepted Islam and joined the Muslims. However, the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered him to first
return the flock with all the sheep and goats of his master, which he
tended as a shepherd and to only then join the Muslim ranks. And what is
more, he had done so at a critical moment, when the battle had dragged
on and the Muslims had begun to experience food shortages. This command
is, no doubt, a rather meaningful example of a sense of responsibility
and the importance of fulfilling a trust.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Beware of the Rights of Your Neighbour!</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The<b> Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, demanded that the rights of neighbours be observed. In one Prophetic Tradition he states:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Gabriel advised me in observing the
rights of neighbours to such a degree that I thought he would order me
to name them my heirs.”</i>(Bukhari, Adab 28; Muslim, Birr 140)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“One is not a believer who sleeps while his neighbour is hungry.” </i>(Hakim, II, 15; Haythami, VIII, 167)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“A non-Muslim neighbour (with whom
there are no family ties) enjoys one right. A neighbour who is Muslim
enjoys two rights (as they have a claim as a neighbour as well as a
fellow Muslim). And the neighbour who is both Muslim and a relative
enjoys three rights. They have a claim as a neighbour, as a fellow
Muslim and as a relation.”</i>(Suyuti, <i>Al-Jami’ al-Saghir</i>, I, 146)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It ought not be forgotten that peering
through a neighbour’s window, tormenting them with the aroma of food
coming from one’s house, or disturbing or offending them in any way
constitutes a violation of the rights of neighbours.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Bravest of Them All</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not possible to conceive of a hero greater than the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, for there was no incident throughout
his life in which he was seen to have been overcome by fear or panic. He
was patient and steadfast even in the face of the most extraordinary of
situations. He would not be seized by fear or panic or act in an
unbecoming manner.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Ali</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him, the symbol of courage and heroism, says:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When the battle grew fierce, we would seek protection behind him…”</i> (Muslim, Jihad, 79)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Prophet of Forgiveness and Mercy</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That Prophet of Mercy forgave both
Wahshi who had killed his beloved uncle Hamza and Hind who had
instigated him, upon their acceptance of Islam. He even pardoned the
ruthless enemy of Islam, Habbab ibn al-Aswad, when he came before him to
profess his acceptance of Islam. Habbab had pursued the camel of his
daughter Zaynab, who was pregnant at the time, pushed her off the camel
and thus caused the death of both her unborn child and later her own
death.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the conquest of Makka, when the
Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, possessed the
opportunity and power to put the Makkan polytheists who had persecuted
the Muslims for years on end to the sword in retribution, he asked the
Makkans gathered at the Ka’ba:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O people of the Quraysh, How do you expect that I shall treat you now?”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Quraysh replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We expect nothing but goodness to come from you. You are a noble man and the son of a noble man.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Upon this, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I say as Joseph said to his brothers: </i><b><i>‘No reproach this day shall be on you. May Allah forgive you; indeed, He is the Most Merciful of the merciful.’</i></b> (12:92)<i> Go, for you are free.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many lifeless hearts revived before such
virtue and attained the felicity of belief with Islam’s elixir of
forgiveness and mercy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Heart Beating with Mercy</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As declared in a Qur’anic verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“There has come to you </b>(O people)<b>
a Messenger from among yourselves; extremely grievous to him is your
suffering, full of concern for you is he, and for the believers full of
pity and compassion.”</b>(9:128)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Allah’s Messenger was in a Constant State of Supplication</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When the Messenger of Allah, upon him be
peace and blessings, went to the city of Ta’if to convey the message of
Islam, the ignorant, idol-worshipping and arrogant populace stoned him.
The Angel of the Mountains came to the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, accompanied by Archangel Gabriel and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Should you command it, I would crush
the people between these two mountains (for what they have done to
you).” The tender and loving heart of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, that overflowed with mercy and compassion
could not bear this and he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“No! I hope instead that Allah will
bring forth from among their progeny people who will worship Him alone,
and who will not associate anything (as partners) with Him.”</i> (Bukhari, Bad’u al-Khalq, 7; Muslim, Jihad, 111)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Unequalled Refinement</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, the light of existence, neither caused
offence to, nor took offence by anyone. He forever emanated the virtue
of forgiveness. He did not hold the faults and shortcomings of others
against them due to his sense of shame (<i>haya’</i>) before Allah and
his elevated character. He would not refer by name to those who behaved
in a manner with which he was displeased, merely sufficing to say, <i>“What is the matter with the people that they are doing such and such?”</i> Sometimes, he would ascribe the error to himself saying, “<i>What is it that I see you [doing such and such]?”</i> thus reproving in a gentle but earnest manner.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, once ate a dish made of camel meat
together with his Companions. Just as they were about to stand for the
prayer, a smell that was the result of someone’s having passed wind
became perceivable. So as not to embarrass that individual before the
rest of the gathering, the Messenger of Allah, the Pride of Humanity,
said, <i>“Let those who have eaten camel meat perform the ablution.”</i>
All the Companions performed the ablution. In other words, the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered the
whole gathering to perform their ablution once again in order to avoid
embarrassing the particular individual concerned.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Countenance Most Beautiful</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The blessed countenance of the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, which exuded trust and tranquillity to
his surroundings, was the purest and most cheerful of countenances.
This was owing to the fact that the immensurable beauty of his inner
world had projected onto his outward form.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When the Messenger of Allah emigrated to the city of Madina, Jewish scholar <b>‘Abd Allah ibn Salam</b>
inquired after him, curious as to his person, and upon seeing his
blessed face, exclaimed, “One with such a face cannot lie,” and thus
professed his acceptance of Islam.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Such was the beauty, stateliness,
luminance and grace he possessed that there was no need for any further
miracle or proof concerning his being a Prophet of God.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Had They Seen His Blessed Countenance</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Mother of Believers <b>‘A’isha</b>, may Allah be well pleased with her, describes the luminous countenance of <b>Allah’s Messenger</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, in the following words:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Had the women of Egypt seen the
beauty of the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, that
captivating beauty of Joseph would have signified nothing in their eyes.
Had the women who disparaged Zulaykha seen the luminous face of Allah’s
Messenger, they would have stabbed their hearts instead of their
hands.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Prophet of Mercy</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘A’isha</b>, may Allah be
well pleased with her, wife of the Prophet, relates several aspects of
the boundless mercy and compassion of the Noble Messenger, upon him be
peace and blessings, as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The Messenger of Allah never struck
anyone with his hand, neither maid nor servant, but only, in the case
when he had been fighting (on the battlefield) in the cause of Allah and
he never took revenge for anything unless the things made inviolable by
Allah were made violable; he then took revenge for Allah, exalted and
glorified be He.”</i> (Muslim, Fada’il, 79)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Generous One Unafraid of Poverty</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not possible to duly appreciate
the position of the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings,
in generosity and beneficence. His generosity surpassed even that of
the honouring of a person who has no fear of poverty.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As reported by <b>Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“It never happened that Allah’s Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, was asked for anything and he said, no.”</i> (Muslim, Fada’il, 56)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>If I Had as Much Gold as the Weight of Mount Uhud</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not hold onto anything
with respect to worldly possessions and would spend whatever he had in
the way of Allah. This was a virtue pertaining uniquely to his person.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Companion <b>Abu Dharr</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him, reports:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I was once walking in the company of
the Prophet on the stony grounds on the outskirts of Madina when the
mountain of Uhud came into sight. The Messenger of Allah said, <i>‘O Abu Dharr!’</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I said, “I am here, at your service, O Messenger of Allah!”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He said, <i>‘It would not please me to
have gold equal to the weight to this mountain (of Uhud) unless nothing
of it, not even a single dinar remains of it with me for more than three
days (for I would have spent all of it in Allah’s Cause), except that
which I will keep for repaying debts.'”</i> (Muslim, Zakat, 32; Bukhari, Istiqrad, 3)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>If You Can Give Nothing Else</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The poor, lonely and the forlorn would come to the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, in expectation of something to be
given to them in the way of charity. There were times when Allah’s
Messenger had nothing whatsoever to give. Moreover, he himself would go
hungry most of the time. When the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace
and blessings, had nothing to give in way of meeting the expectations of
the needy, he would be overcome with a sense of sorrow and would subtly
turn his face away, for which Allah, glorified and exalted be He,
admonished him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“But if you </b>(must)<b> turn away from those </b>(who are in need, because you are yourself in need, and)<b> seeking mercy from your Lord in hopeful expectation, then </b>(at least)<b> speak to them gently and well-meaning </b>[<i>qawlan maysūran</i>]<b>.”</b>(17:28)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Allah’s Messenger Never Took a Liking to the World</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Despite the fact that the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, obtained worldly opportunities the
likes not seen by any king in a short period of time and conquered
hearts as an ideal guide for humanity, he took no liking to any of the
great worldly bounties at his feet. On the contrary, he continued his
humble existence. As was the case before, he led a simple and ascetic
life in his modest mud-brick chamber. He slept on a mattress filled with
the leaves of a date palm and wore simple clothing. His standard of
living was lower even than society’s weak. What is more, despite the
fact that he could not find anything to eat sometimes, he would strap a
rock to his stomach to suppress his hunger and would give thanks to his
Lord.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘A’isha</b>, may Allah be well pleased with her, relates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Never had the family of <b>Muhammad</b>,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, eaten to their fill with the
bread of wheat for three successive nights, from the day of their
arrival in Madina up until his death.”</i> (Muslim, Zuhd, 20)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The True Life is the Life of the Hereafter</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day, <b>‘Umar</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him, came to the house of <b>Allah’s Messenger</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings. He cast his eye around the room. Every
corner of it was empty. The only piece of furniture in the room was a
mat of woven palm leaf. The Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and
blessings, was lying upon it and it had imprinted itself on the body of
Allah’s Messenger. All there was in the room was a little barley and an
old waterskin hung up on a nail beside it. That was all. This was all
the wealth and worldly possessions that the Messenger of Allah, the
pride of humanity, possessed on a day when the entire Arabian Peninsula
had surrendered themselves to him. ‘Umar, may Allah be well pleased with
him, could not contain himself and was moved to tears before such a
sight. The Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“What makes you weep, O ‘Umar?”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘Umar said, “Why shouldn’t I weep, O
Messenger of Allah, when Caesar and Khosrau wallow in worldly bounties
and the Messenger of Allah lives thus!”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, consoled ‘Umar’s grieved heart and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Weep not, O ‘Umar! Would you not
wish for this world (with all its blessings and pleasures) be their
share in this life and the Hereafter be for us alone?</i><i>“</i> (Ahmad, II, 298; Tabarani, <i>al-Mu’jam al-Kabir</i>, X, 162)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Allah’s Messenger Divided His Time into Three</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, came to his felicitous home, he would
divide his time into three, allocating one-third to worship, one-third
to his family, and the other third to himself. The time that he set
aside for himself he devoted to the people – from all echelons of
society – and would not deprive anyone of his company. He conquered the
hearts of all those around him.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Felicitous Home of Allah’s Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The felicitous home of the Messenger of Allah was the happiest of all households. It exuded the fragrance of great happiness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">No woman could possibly love her husband
like the Mothers of the Believers, his esteemed wives, loved the
Messenger of Allah. And no man could possibly love his wife like the
Messenger of Allah loved his wives. No child can love their father like
Fatima loved her father and no father could possibly their child like
Allah’s Messenger loved his children. Through the manner of nurture and
education that the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings,
practised in his familial life, he established an exceptional bond of
love in the hearts of his wives and children.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Mothers of the Believers could only
enter their chambers ducking their heads, as their chambers provided
just enough room for them. Many days would pass before a fire was lit in
that home and food made available. But existence in that happy
household was felt with the savour of <b>contentment</b>, <b>patience</b> and <b>surrender</b> rather than with material provisions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Best of You</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The<b> Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings attached utmost importance to the
mutual rights and responsibilities of family members and sought for
familial peace to be maintained under any circumstances. He says in this
regard:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The best of you are those who are best to their families, and I am the best of you to my family.”</i>(Tirmidhi, Manaqib, 63/3895)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“A believing man should not despise
his believing wife. If there is any quality he dislikes in her, he will
certainly be pleased with another.”</i>(Muslim, Rada’, 61)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Lest the Crystals Should Break!</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, treated his wives with the greatest compassion and gentleness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During a journey, an attendant by the name of <b>Anjasha</b>
goaded the camels in the caravan forward by singing with his fine
voice. In view of the possibility that the delicate constitutions of the
females seated on the camels might be hurt, the Messenger of Allah,
upon him be peace and blessings, cautioned:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Anjasha, take care lest the crystals should break!” </i>(Bukhari, Adab, 95; Ahmad, III:117)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Matchless Court of Mercy</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Prophet’s circle of education and
guidance was akin to a social complex which embraced people from every
social strata and all segments of society. There, the weak and the
powerful, the rich and the poor were no different with respect to truth
and justice.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Just consider those who followed the
Messenger of Allah: Among them one would see such dignitaries and
eminent figures as the Abyssinian King <b>Negus al-Asham</b>, Byzantine governor of Ma’an <b>Farwa ibn ‘Amr</b>, Himyar chief <b>Dhu al-Kila’a</b>, <b>Fayruz al-Daylami</b>, the viceroy of Yemen, as well as governors of Oman <b>‘Ubayd</b> and <b>Ja’far</b>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Further consideration would reveal that in addition to these rulers and administrators were such downtrodden individuals as <b>Bilal</b>, <b>Yasir</b>, <b>Suhayb</b>, <b>Khabbab</b>, <b>‘Ammar</b> and <b>Abu Fukayha</b>, as well as such poverty-stricken, helpless women as <b>Sumayya</b>, <b>Lubayna</b>, <b>Zinnira</b>, <b>Nahdiya</b> and <b>Umm ‘Ubays</b>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Peerless Exemplar</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The noble character of the Messenger of
Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, constitutes the epitome of human
conduct and behaviour, even with its expressions that lie within the
scope of human conception. He is a model of excellence completing his
mission of communicating the Divine message via illustrating by example.
Allah Almighty has presented that noble human being to the rest of
humanity as (in the words of the Qur’anic expression) <b><i>al-uswa al-hasana</i></b>, or “an excellent example”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Qur’anic verse in question reads:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Assuredly you have in Allah’s
Messenger an excellent example to follow for whoever looks forward to
Allah and the Last Day, and remembers and mentions Allah much.”</b>(33:21)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Bouquet of Rare Roses</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be blessings and peace, has displayed an exceptional beauty
and grace in every way, in all life’s phases. Every human being can find
the most perfect of actions in the elevated practice of the Prophet,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, which they can hold up as an
example. That is to say, the life of the Messenger of Allah, the pride
of humanity, with all its colour, harmony and aroma, is akin to a
bouquet composed of the most exceptional roses, such that the seeker can
find the most beautiful of roses in that cluster.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The personage of the Noble Messenger,
upon him be peace and blessings, is like a clear and polished mirror.
Every human being can behold his outer and inner, external and the
inward, word and action, morality and character, and measure their own
state and situation up against it. Reforming one’s character in
accordance with what one sees in this mirror and correcting his or her
faults and shortcomings is the responsibility of every believer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>An Example to People From Every Walk of Life</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah Almighty elevated that Noble
Messenger from the social position of greatest weakness and helplessness
– from the status of an orphaned child – to the highest position of
head of state. And the Prophet displayed the most perfect standards of
behaviour in all the echelons in between.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For this reason, notwithstanding their
particular social rank, every human being can hold up the noble conduct
and morality of that great Messenger as an example to themselves and
endeavour to put it into practice to the best of their ability.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Behold Yourself in His Mirror</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are prosperous and wealthy,
reflect upon the humility and generosity of that lofty Messenger who
dominated Arabia in its entirety and endeared himself to all Arab
notables and chiefs.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are one who is oppressed and
wronged, take example from the life of the Prophet who lived under the
rule and reign of the cruel and tyrannous polytheists in Makka.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a victorious conqueror, draw
lesson from the Prophet of courage and submission who overcame the enemy
at Badr and Hunayn.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If – God forbid – you should ever face
defeat, remember that resigned Messenger who patiently and stoically
walked among his fallen and injured Companions during the Battle of
Uhud.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a teacher, think about the
Prophet who taught the Suffa Companions in the mosque, by transferring
to them the spiritual luminance from within his delicate, subtle and
sensitive heart.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a student, imagine the Prophet who sat before archangel Gabriel, the Trustworthy, in great reverence and aspiration.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a caller to goodness and a
truthful guide, listen to the Messenger in his spiritual exchange with
his Companions in the Prophet’s Mosque and radiating wisdom in this way.
Lend an ear and heart to his melodious voice!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you wish to defend, convey and uphold
the truth and if you have not even a single helper supporting you in
this regard, look at the life of the Prophet who declared the truth to
the oppressors in Makka when he was deprived of any help or support, and
who invited them to belief.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you have vanquished the enemy and
announced the truth and brought falsehood to ruin, then picture the
Messenger who, despite being a victorious commander on the day of
Makka’s conquest, entered the city in great humility, as though in
prostration on the back of his camel.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are the owner of a farm and wish
to set everything in order, take example from the insightful Prophet
who, after taking possession of the Banu Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak lands,
appointed the most suitable individuals to oversee and administer them.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are forlorn, then contemplate the orphan and the apple of ‘Abd Allah and Amina’s eye, the beloved innocent.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a young man or woman, pay
heed to the life of the Prophet in waiting who tended the flock of his
uncle Abu Talib in Makka.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a merchant setting forth with
trade caravans, lend a thought to the reputation and manner of the
noblest personage in the caravans travelling to Damascus and Yemen.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a judge in the position of
pronouncing judgement, take into account the just and perspicacious
conduct of the Messenger in the matter of putting the Black Stone in its
place at the Ka’ba just as the Makkan chiefs were about to draw their
swords.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">And turning your gaze once more to
Madina, look at that Prophet sitting in the Prophet’s Mosque who judges
between the people in the fairest manner, holding the impoverished and
the affluent as equal before him.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a spouse, take note of the
gentleness and refinement, the profound feeling and mercy of that
blessed figure who is the husband of Khadija and ‘A’isha.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If you are a father, learn the manner in
which that illustrious individual who is the father of Fatima the
Luminous One and the grandfather of Hasan and Husayn approached his
children and grandchildren.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In short, whatever your rank or title,
whatever your state or circumstance, at each and every minute of every
day, you will find the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, as your most perfect master and your most excellent guide.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Such a master is he, that by way of his
Sunna can you correct all errors. That you may put all your affairs into
order and reform your state and circumstance and that you may, by
virtue of his light and guidance, disentangle yourself from life’s
unforeseen storms and dangers and thus find true happiness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Prophet’s Teacher is Allah Almighty</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be blessings and peace, received instruction from no mortal. <i>By stating, “My Lord educated me, and so made my education most excellent,”</i> (Suyuti, <i>al-Jami’ al-Saghir</i>, I, 12) he affirmed that his sole teacher was Allah the Exalted.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For this reason, he stood as the paragon
of the entire spectrum of disciplines addressing the human being and
analysing the human soul, some of which are known in our day as
psychology, pedagogy and social anthropology.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Product of Which Education System?</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The faithful friends of the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, strove to be in his company at
every opportunity. Some of them even devoted themselves to following
him like his very shadow. The imprint of love that Allah’s Messenger
left on hearts was so powerful that the Companions emulated each and
every one of his actions, even if they could not immediately comprehend
its wisdom.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Which system of education was the
spiritual training of the Companions a product of? Which educator, which
psychologist could provide this instruction? Could all the
psychologists, sociologists, pedagogues, social anthropologists, social
engineers, philosophers and the like in the world today bring about even
a small society adorned with elevated attributes of a quality to match
that of the Age of Happiness?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Fire will not Burn the Heart that is Filled With Him</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The more the heart of a believer is filled with love for the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be blessings and peace, the more it grows distant from Divine punishment. As is declared in a Qur’anic verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b><b>But God would not punish them so long as you were among them…”</b> (8:33)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A believer whose heart burns with love
for Allah’s Messenger must forever follow in his footsteps and must
remain devoted to his elevated Sunna.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Whoever Revives My Tradition</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wished for every single member
of his community to be with him in Paradise. He would therefore
forewarn and counsel all people in accordance with their own individual
level.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Anas ibn Malik</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Dear Anas, if you are able every
morning and evening to remove any rancour from your heart towards any
other (especially without harbouring even the slightest hatred or
coldness towards any believer), then do so.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Dear Anas, this is my Tradition and
whoever revives my Tradition has loved me, and whoever loves me will be
with me in Paradise.”</i> (Tirmidhi, ‘Ilm, 16/2678)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Fibres of a Rope</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Abd Allah ibn al-Daylami</b>, may his secret be sanctified, illustrated the importance of adherence to the Prophetic Practice in the following words:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“…The beginning of the end of the
Religion will transpire with the abandonment of the Sunna. Like the
coming loose of the fibres of a rope, the Religion will vanish with the
relinquishment of the Prophetic Practices one by one.”</i> (Darimi, Muqaddima, 16)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This means that the receding of the
Sunna from our lives one after another – may Allah protect us from that!
– renders our eternal deliverance to be hanging by a thread.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Need for Adherence to the Sunna</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah, exalted and glorified be He, commands adherence to His Beloved Messenger as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Whatever the Messenger gives
you, accept it willingly; and whatever he forbids you, refrain from it.
Keep from disobedience to Allah in reverence for Him and piety. Surely
Allah is severe in retribution.”</b> (59:7)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“O you who believe! Obey Allah </b>(in all His commandments) <b>and obey the Messenger </b>(in his execution of Allah’s commandments and in his own directives)<b>, and do not let your deeds go to waste.”</b>(47:33)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger </b>(as they must be obeyed)<b>, then those are </b>(and in the Hereafter will be, in Paradise)<b> in the company of those whom God has favoured </b>(with the perfect guidance)<b> – the Prophets, and the truthful ones </b>(loyal to Allah’s cause and truthful in whatever they do and say)<b>, and the witnesses </b>(those who see the hidden Divine truths and testify thereto with their lives)<b>, and the righteous ones </b>(in all their deeds and sayings, and dedicated to setting everything right)<b>. How excellent they are for companions!”</b> (4:69)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Impossibility of Complete Comprehension of Allah’s Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not possible for us to fully comprehend <b>the Pride of Humanity</b>, the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be blessings and peace, within the limits of human
intelligence and capacity. This is because the impressions obtained from
this realm fall short of duly describing and perceiving him. Just as it
is not possible to fit the ocean in a single cup, it is not possible to
fully comprehend the ‘Muhammadan light’ (<i>al-Nur al-Muhammadi</i>).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The One Sent Bespeaks the Might of the Sender </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The<b> Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be blessings and peace, is a Divine masterpiece with no equal,
possessing perfect countenance and character. In this respect, no human
being has the capacity to describe his greatness as it deserves to be
described.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On one of his military expeditions, <b>Khalid ibn Walid</b>,
may Allah be well pleased with him, once put up camp with a Muslim
tribe. The tribal chief asked him, “Could you describe to us the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Khalid ibn Walid, may Allah be well
pleased with him, said, “Describing the beauty of Allah’s Messenger,
upon him be peace and blessings, is beyond the bounds of possibility. I
am incapable of describing him (as he deserves to be described).”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The tribal chief said, “Describe him as best as you are able, in a few words.”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Khalid ibn Walid, may Allah be well pleased with him, replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“The one sent bespeaks the might of the sender.”</b><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/prophet-muhammad-mercy-to-the-worlds.html#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In other words, as the sender is the Lord of the Worlds, just consider the glory and honour of the one who is sent!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Miracle of the Companions</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As a result of the spiritual training of
the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, the people of
the Age of Ignorance steeped in the darkness of tyranny and wrongdoing,
who tore their daughters away from the hearts of their mothers as it
were, and buried them alive, became Companions of refined sensibility
and feeling heart and established a civilisation of virtue upon which
humanity still looks in wonder and admiration.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the most prominent personalities of Islamic jurisprudence, <b>Qarafi</b> (d. 684) states:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Had the Prophet possessed no other
miracle, the Companions educated by him would have been sufficient as
proof of his Prophethood.”</i> (Qarafi, <i>Al-Furuq</i>, Darussalam, 2001, IV:305)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Pride of Humanity</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A council of scholars and thinkers who
convened in the Dutch city of The Hague in the middle of the previous
century identified the world’s hundred great men. The Christian
selection committee were forced to select, on the basis of the key moral
criteria that they themselves had established, the <b>Prophet Muhammad</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, as the greatest personality.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even those who did not believe in his
Prophethood confirmed the virtue, superiority and success of the
Messenger of Allah, upon him be blessings and peace.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The True Genius</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On the basis of the Prophet’s success in his mission, French historian and thinker <b>Lamartine</b> expresses what great genius <b>Allah’s Messenger</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, possesses, in the following words:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“If greatness of purpose, smallness
of means, and astonishing results are the three criteria of a human
genius, who could dare compare any great man in history with Muhammad?</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>The most famous men created arms,
laws, and empires only. They founded, if anything at all, no more than
material powers which often crumbled away before their eyes.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>This man moved not only armies,
legislations, empires, peoples, dynasties, but millions of men in
one-third of the then inhabited world.”</i> (Alphonse de Lamartine, <i>Histoire de la Turquie</i>)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Conceding of Consciences</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The virtue and intelligence of the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be blessings and peace, was affirmed and acknowledged even by those who did not believe in his Prophethood.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Of the Prophet’s birth, English writer <b>Thomas Carlyle</b> wrote:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“It was as of a birth from darkness into light.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“No emperor with his tiaras was obeyed as this man in a cloak of his own clouting.”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Similarly, <b>Lafayette</b>,
one of the leading figures paving the intellectual groundwork for the
1789 French Revolution, examined all legal systems prior to the
publication of the famous <b>‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,’</b> and upon seeing the superiority of Islamic law, proclaimed:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Muhammad! No other has ever been able to match you in the realisation of justice…”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Person Will Be With Those Whom They Love</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Prophet’s Companion <b>Thawban</b>, may Allah be well pleased with him, was once immersed in thought while looking at the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings. The Messenger of Allah, the mercy to
the worlds, noticed his sudden change of countenance and asked
compassionately:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“What is it that perturbs you, O Thawban?”</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Thawban, a devotee of Allah’s Messenger, replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“May my father and mother be sacrificed
for you, O Messenger of Allah! Thought of separation from you weighs
down on me such that every moment I spend removed from your light
becomes for me sorrow. When my state in this world is thus, I am grieved
to think about what it will be in the Hereafter. For there you will be
in the company of the Prophets, while I know not where I will be or what
will become of me. And if I cannot enter Paradise, I will be separated
from you eternally. This thought grieves me greatly, O Messenger of
Allah!”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Upon this, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, <i>“A person will be with those whom they love,” </i>and thus gave him these glad tidings. (Bukhari, Adab, 96)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Love Demands Sacrifice</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not enough to say, “I love Allah
and His Messenger.” If we do indeed love them, then we need to question
the extent of our mercy and our compassion, and the nature of our moral
conduct. How much of the Prophet’s characteristics and qualities are
present in us? Are we able to free ourselves of self-centredness and
selfishness? Do we possess a spirit of altruism and concern ourselves
with the plight of others? Does our love reflect upon our demeanour and
actions? Or does our love consist merely of an empty claim remaining
unfulfilled and unrealised.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>So As Not to Face Separation</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Great hadith scholar <b>Imam Nawawi</b> strove to emulate the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, with such meticulousness that he
refrained from eating a watermelon throughout his entire life for fear
of acting in a manner contrary to the method and manner of Allah’s
Messenger, as he did not know how Allah’s Messenger had eaten one.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Harmonising Everything With Him</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The friend of Allah <b>Ahmad Yasawi</b>,
a luminous crescent for that Sun of Guidance, gave up travelling about
the earth after reaching sixty-three years of age because the Messenger
of Allah had passed away when he was sixty-three years old. For the ten
years until his own death, he continued communicating the message of
Islam in a vault-like chamber.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Sole Concern of Allah’s Messenger was His Community</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Allah’s Messenger</b>, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, states:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Beware, I am the means of security
for you during my life while after my death, I will beseech Allah in my
grave saying, ‘O Lord, my community, my community,’ until the Trumpet is
blown…”</i> (‘Ali al-Muttaqi, <i>Kanz al-‘Ummal</i>, XIV:414)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>He is Very Close to Us, But Are We Close to Him? </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The<b> Messenger of Allah</b>, upon him be peace and blessings, says:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“My life is a great good for you:
you bring up new matters and new matters (Divine Revelation and
Judgement) are brought up for you. And my death is a great good for you;
your actions will be presented to me and if I see goodness I shall
praise Allah and if I see evil I shall ask forgiveness of Him for you.”</i> (Haythami, IX:24)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is his closeness to us. So how close are we to him?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Level of Our Connection</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Love stems from a correlation between the qualities of one who loves and the one who is loved.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One who loves possesses the same
feelings as the one they love and they strive to maintain a state that
is identical to their beloved. They seek to take on the hue and harmony
of their beloved.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As a result, we ought to question the
level of our connection and correlation with the Messenger of Allah,
upon him be blessings and peace, with respect to worship, worldly
matters and morality, as it is his intercession on the Day of Judgement
that we desire and his sacred fountain in Paradise (<i>Hawd al-Kawthar</i>) for which we yearn.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The Level of Our Closeness</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">What are the traces of the family life
of Allah’s Messenger in our family lives? To what extent are we able to
mirror his state of devoted reverence in our worship? How close are we
to the downtrodden, the forlorn and the lonely in our own lives? How
much are we able to exert ourselves in the way of prescribing truth,
goodness and justice and in advising against wrongdoing and vice? To
what degree are we able to take the Messenger of Allah as an effective
criterion at any time or place? <b>How much of the spirituality in
his worship, the refinement in his worldly affairs, the sensibility in
his inner world, the luminance in his countenance, the delicacy in his
feeling, the depth in his gaze</b>, and in short his exemplary manner and bearing, projects onto us?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>A Divine Command: Invoking Peace and Blessings Upon His Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Declaring <i>la’amruka</i>, “By your
life (O Muhammad),” Allah Almighty swears by the life of the Prophet,
upon him be peace and blessings. Allah has mentioned His Own Supreme
name alongside the name of His Messenger and has made belief in His
Exalted Presence contingent upon belief in the Prophethood of His
Messenger. Allah is displeased with voices being raised over the voice
of His Messenger and does not approve of his blessed name being
mentioned in the same way as any ordinary name. Moreover, declaring that
both He Himself and His angels send salutations to the Messenger of
Allah, Allah Almighty commands the community of the Prophet to
constantly invoke Allah for blessings and peace for him also.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As is stated in the relevant Qur’anic verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“Surely Allah and His angels bless the Prophet </b>(He
always treats him with His special mercy, with the angels praying to
Him to grant him the highest station of praise with Him, and for the
decisive victory of his Religion)<b>. O you who believe, invoke the
blessings of Allah on him, and pray to God to bestow His peace on him,
greeting him with the best greeting. </b>(Love and follow him with utmost sincerity and faithfulness, and give yourselves to his way with perfect submission)<b>.”</b>
(33:56) As can be seen, sending salutations of blessings and peace upon
the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, is a Divine
commandment for the believers. And every invocation of peace and
blessings is a means bringing us closer to that Sultan of Hearts.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Our Need For Allah’s Messenger</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Owing to the Prophethood of the <b>Messenger of Allah</b>,
upon him be peace and blessings, humanity attained the most perfected
of all awaited guides to the truth. For this reason, those in our day
who persist in leading a self-seeking and carnal existence will be more
answerable before Allah than those who led a life of ignorance prior to
the coming of such a noble, exemplary personality. In this regard, we
are more in need of the spiritual training, or character building of
that <b>Peerless Exemplar</b> in our day where humanity has for the most part succumbed to power and leads a life enslaved to the carnal soul.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Our Sole Remedy</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In the same way which that Divine
breath, the Messenger of Allah, upon him be peace and blessings, was a
cure yesterday for an wayward Age of Ignorance – transforming it into an
Era of Happiness – it is his breath of mercy today which is to deliver
humanity from the abysses of oppression, denial and ignorance and lead
them to repose and felicity.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>May Allah Almighty enable us all
to adhere to the practice of his Beloved Messenger in this world,
taking on his noble conduct, and to attain his intercession in the
Hereafter.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>Amin</i></b><b>.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/prophet-muhammad-mercy-to-the-worlds.html#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">[1]</a> Munawi, V, 92/6478; Qastalani, <i>al-Mawahib al-Ladunniyya</i>, Istanbul, 1984, 417.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Osman Nuri TOPBAS <br /></p>
</div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-68597245932228126792022-05-24T13:35:00.005+03:002022-05-24T13:35:37.741+03:00Events Heralding the Birth of the Prophet<p> </p><div class="entry-content">
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/90.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="697" height="195" src="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/90.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> Divine signs indicating the great birth
started to become manifest well before the delivery of the Blessed
Prophet. Every inch of the universe was yearning for the embodiment of
very cause behind their creation. The pledges taken by the Almighty from
previous Prophets that they will recognize Muhammad (s.a.s) as a
Prophet and help him should he appear in their lifetimes could be
considered as the greatest sign attesting to his advent. The following
verse confirms that: <span id="more-8249"></span><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Behold! Allah took the covenant
of the Prophets, saying: ‘I give you a Book and Wisdom; then comes to
you a messenger, confirming what is with you; do ye believe in him and
render him help.’ Allah said: ‘Do you agree, and take this My Covenant
as binding on you?’ They said: ‘We agree.’ He said: ‘Then bear witness,
and I am with you among the witnesses.’”</strong> (Âl İmrân, 81)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Raising their hands to the heavens,
Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail (a.s) also prayed for the arrival of the
Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) after completing the building of the Kaabah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Our Lord! Raise up a Messenger
from among them who shall recite to them Your communications and teach
them the Book and the wisdom, and purify them. Surely You are the
Mighty, the Wise!”</strong> (al-Baqara, 129)</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a> <p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Similarly, while informing the
Israelites of his Prophethood, Prophet Isa (a.s) also gives the glad
tidings of the coming of the final Prophet.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“And remember, Isa, the son of
Maryam, said: “O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah (sent)
to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad
Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad…”</strong> (es-Saff, 6)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Wile still pregnant, Aminah saw a dream in which she heard:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“You are pregnant, Aminah, with the
master of the Ummah. When you give birth to him pray to Allah and say,
‘I seek refuge with Allah, the One, from the evil of the envious when he
envies’ and give him the name ‘Muhammad’.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In memory of these, the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s) has stated:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“I am the answer to the prayer of my grandfather Ibrahim, the good news given by Jesus and the dream of my mother.”</em> (Hâkim, II, 453; Ahmad, IV, 127-128)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Prophet’s name and attributes were
also explicitly written in both the Torah and the Gospel, with which the
scholars of both texts were fully informed at the time. Those among
them who had it in their hearts to acknowledge this were praised in the
Quran:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Those who follow the messenger,
the Prophet who can neither read nor write, whom they will find
described in the Torah and the Gospel (which are) with them …”</strong> (al-Arâf, 7:157)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Because they knew the characteristics of
the Blessed Prophet r, they recognized him with the ease a father would
recognize his son, as confirmed by the following verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Those whom We have given the
Book recognize him as they recognize their sons, and a party of them
most surely conceal the truth while they know (it).”</strong> (al-Baqara, 2:146)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Upon becoming a Muslim, Abdullah ibn Selâm (r.a) who was a great scholar of the Torah, said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“I recognize the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s) better than I would my own son.” </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Inquiring further was Omar (r.a):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> “How is that so?” </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“I can without any doubt bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, purely because his
characteristics are clearly written in the Torah”,</em> he answered.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Hearing this, Omar remarked, <em>“The Almighty has indeed given you the truth.”</em>
(Vâhidî, s. 47; Râzî, Tefsîr, IV, 116) The Holy Quran testifies that
both the Torah and the Gospel describe the characteristics of the
Blessed Prophet (s.a.s), as well as his companions:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah, and those with him are firm of heart against the unbelievers,
compassionate among themselves; you will see them bowing down,
prostrating themselves, seeking grace from Allah and pleasure; their
marks are in their faces because of the effect of prostration; that is
their description in the Torah and their description in the Gospel; like
as seed-produce that puts forth its sprout, then strengthens it, so it
becomes stout and stands firmly on its stem, delighting the sowers that
He may enrage the unbelievers on account of them; Allah has
promised those among them who believe and do good, forgiveness and a
great reward”</strong> (al-Fath, 48:29)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abdullah ibn Abbâs (r.a) one day asked
Kâb al-Ahbâr to tell him of the characteristics of the Prophet (s.a.s)
mentioned in the Torah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> “Mentioned therein are the
following characteristics: Muhammad ibn Abdullah will be born in Mecca
and will migrate to Medina. He will eventually seize Damascus. Never
will he speak foul words, nor will he raise his voice in public. He will
not retaliate against evil with evil and will forgive the culprits. His
people will offer their thanks to Allah and glorify Him in good times
and bad. They will wash their arms (make wudu, ablution) and stand in
lines in prayer like in battles. Constantly heard from their places of
worship will be a buzz (the recital of the Quran and chanting the names
of Allah). Their call to prayer will fill the sky.”</em> (Dârimî, Muqaddima, 2)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Atâ ibn Yasâr -rahimahullâh- narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I came across Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As and asked him to tell me about the description of Allah’s Messenger in the Torah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘By Allah, he is indeed described in
the Torah with some of the qualities attributed to him in the Quran. It
is said in the Torah that: </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘O Prophet ! We have sent you as a
witness for Allah’s True religion, a giver of glad tidings to faithful
believers, a warner to unbelievers and as a guardian of the illiterate.
You are My slave and My Messenger. I have named you al-Mutawakkil (who
depends upon Allah). You are neither discourteous, harsh nor a
noise-maker in public. You do not do evil to those who do evil to you,
but you deal with them forgivingly and kindly. Allah will not let you
die until, through you, He straightens the crooked by making them admit
that none has the right to be worshipped besides Allah; and through this
which will blind eyes, deaf ears and hearts of stone be opened to the
truth.”</em> (Bukhârî, Buyû, 50; Tafsîr, 48/ 3)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Aware of all the characteristics of the
Prophet (s.a.s), the Jews were in anxious anticipation of his advent. So
much so that whenever the Jews had a quarrel with the Madinan tribes
Aws and Khazraj, they would threaten them, telling that their days were
numbered, since the with the expected Prophet, whose arrival was now
looming and whom the Jews would follow, would signal the end of the two
tribes who would be eradicated just like the tribes of Ad and Iram. (Ibn
Asîr, el-Kâmil, II, 95-96)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">But as the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) was
not of Jewish blood, the Jews never came around to accepting him in
their entirety. Striking is the following story narrated by Safiya bint
Huyay, the wife of the Prophet (s.a.s) and a Jew before Islam.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s)
reached the village of Quba during the migration to Madinah, my father
and my uncle rushed to see him. They returned only around sunset, sad
and dejected, however. I heard them say the following to one another.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘So you think he is the expected Prophet?’</em> asked Huyayy, my father.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘By God he is!’</em> said my uncle, Abu Yâsir.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> ‘But are you sure? Did you confirm it with other proofs?’</em> asked my father once more.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘Yes!’</em> was the reply.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘So how do feel towards him now?’</em> asked Abu Yasir in turn after a momentary pause.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> ‘By Allah as long as I am alive I will foster only enmity towards him in my heart,’ replied my father.”</em> (Abû Nuaym, Delâil, I, 77-78)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Jews were envious of the Arabs
because the last Prophet had emerged from among them, and not from
Jewish stock. All along, they had anxiously expected him to be raised
from among them. On these grounds they rejected his prophethood.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ibn Abbâs (r.a) is another who recounts the Jews’ hostile attitude:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Warring continuously with the tribe
of Ghatafan, the Jews of Khaybar almost always used to wind up
defeated. So they prayed to the Almighty: ‘Our Lord! We ask victory from
you for the sake of the Prophet you promised to send towards the end of
time.’</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">By asking for Divine assistance in the
name of the Prophet (tawassul), the Jews were at last able to gain
victory over the tribe of Ghatafan. Yet even though they had received
help using his name, they did not accept the Final Prophet when sent by
the Almighty. So to chastise them the following verse was revealed:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“<strong>…although from of old they had
prayed for victory (fort he sake of the Prophet that would come soon)
against those without Faith,- when there comes to them that which they
(should) have recognized (the Prophet Muhammad), they refuse to believe
in him; but the curse49 of Allah is on those without Faith. ”</strong> (al-Baqara, 89) (Qurtubî, II, 27; Wâhidî, p. 31)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The following incident is also
noteworthy in indicating the arrival of the Blessed Prophet into the
world: Sayf ibn Zî-Yazan was appointed the king of Yemen by the Persian
Khosrau. The representatives of the entire Arab tribes came to
congratulate him. The mission sent by the Meccans consisted of ten
people and was headed by Abdulmuttalib, the grandfather of the Prophet
(s.a.s). In the presence of the King, Abdulmuttalib said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“We are the people and the servants
of the protected House of Allah. We have come to congratulate you for
your accession to the throne.” </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">They were warmly welcomed by the King of
Yemen and were lodged for some time as his guests. One day the King
summoned Abdulmuttalib and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“I am going to tell you a secret,
Abdulmuttalib. Had it been anybody else other than you, I would not have
said it, but it is only because there is something about you I sense.
Keep this between us until the Almighty wills it to be exposed. Only His
Will is realized. We have a book, the contents of which only we know
and in it there are important news closely concerning you and your
friends.”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Even if it means these nomads are to die in your path, please tell me…What is this important news?”</em> insisted Abdulmuttalib.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“A boy will be born in the area of
Tihâma. He will be the leader of mankind until the Final Hour and your
people will reap the honor. As a sign there will be mole between his
shoulder blades.”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">King Sayf ibn Zi-Yazan continued:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“The time of his birth has come. Who
knows? He may have already been born. His name is Muhammad. His parents
are to die and his grandfather and uncle will see to his care. The
Almighty has sent him as a clear caller onto His path and will make some
of us his helpers. Through them, the Almighty will debase the enemies
of this Prophet and dignify his friends. He will capture the best parts
of the world. The Magian fire will be extinguished with his birth.
People will in his time worship al-Rahman, the One True God. Disbelief
and extremities will be banned, idols will be destroyed and the Satan
will be stoned. His words will differentiate true and false. His
judgments will always be just. He will always command the good and will
practice it first himself. Evil will be prohibited and falsehood will be
destroyed.”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abdulmuttalib asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“May Allah extend your life and
honor! May your rule be everlasting! What you describe is my lineage.
Can the King make this man happier by giving more detail about this
child?”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“By the enshrouded House of Allah,
by all the miracles and heavenly Scriptures, it is no lie that you are
the forefather of this baby”</em>, Sayf replied. Abdulmuttalib fell to the ground in jubilation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Raise your head. May your heart be
at peace, your life long and your name exalted! Tell me…Is there
anything that you are aware of from the signs that I have told you?”</em> asked the King.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Yes…I had a son who I used to
dearly love and treasure. I had him married to Aminah, daughter of one
of the most honorable of my people. She gave birth to a child. I named
him Muhammad. He has a mole between his shoulder blades. He furthermore
carries all the signs you say. Both his parents are deceased. His uncle
and I have taken his care upon ourselves”</em>, explained Abdulmuttalib.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Protect the child very well”</em>, advised the King.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Be wary of the Jews as they have
enmity towards him. But the Almighty will not give them the opportunity.
Do not mention what I have said to your friends, for I fear they might
get jealous of the superiority granted to you and inflict trouble upon
your grandchild. If only I knew I would survive to see the day he
becomes a Prophet, I would march on with my cavalry and infantry to
seize Yathrib (Medinah) and make it the capital of my realm and prepare
it for his migration. If only I could be the one protecting him from
troubles and adversaries! Bring me back news of him in a year’s time!”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sayf ibn Zi-Yazan was unfortunately killed within a year. (Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, III, 26-28; Diyarbakri, I, 239-241)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another piece of good news Abdulmuttalib received regarding the future of his grandchild runs as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">While playing with fellow children, the
young Muhammad (s.a.s) had one day gone as far as the Radm quarters.
There, a group from the clan of Mudlij called him and inspected the
child’s feet and footprints. Thereupon Abdulmuttalib arrived. They
hugged him and asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Is this child yours?”</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> “He is my son”,</em> answered he.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>“Protect him closely, for we have never before seen footprints that resemble those of Ibrahim near the Kaabah more than his”,</em> they advised.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abdulmuttalib urged his son Abu Talib
nearby to give ear to their words. It was owing to such concerns that
Abu Talib was so protective of his nephew. Before the Noble Messenger
(s.a.s) honored the world with his presence, the entire globe was
plunged in spiritual darkness. People were drowning in swamps of crass
ignorance. Humanity had all but lost its dignity. Even beasts had had
enough of human atrocities. Life had become unbearable. The universe was
dark, human beings were in misery and hearts were aching. The weak had
long forgotten how to smile. Only the strong exercised the right to
live. In the words of Mehmed Akif:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Mankind had surpassed hyenas in ferocity, </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Weak, devoured by his brothers one would be. </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Quran echoes this in the following:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>“Corruption has appeared in the
land and the sea on account of what the hands of men have wrought, that
He may make them taste a part of that which they have done, so that they
may return.”</strong> (ar-Rum, 41)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As the sublime birth approached,
everything, living and nonliving, grew in excitement and longing in
their wait for the coming of that Great Light to save them from
darkness, thirsting for him to offer them the elixir of life. Entire
mankind was waiting, having already received the providential signs of
his advent. By giving poetic expression to Amina’s state at the time of
the sublime arrival, Suleyman Chelebi, in his Mawlid articulates that
even the sun revolves around the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) from love, like
a moth around a flame:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘I saw’, the Beloved’s mother said, ‘A light so unique, the sun its moth, </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Angels descended from the skies in line, </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>And like the Kaabah, orbited my home </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>‘No other like your son’, they said,</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em> Has come since the world was formed </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>The King of knowledge divine he is, </em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>With secrets of wisdom and unity adorned…’</em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em> </em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em> </em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em> </em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Osman Nuri Topbaş <br /></em></p>
</div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-43163492859682610102021-11-20T12:11:00.012+03:002021-11-20T12:15:23.423+03:00Humor of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)<p> </p><div class="content">
<div class="moz-reader-content reader-show-element"><div class="page" id="readability-page-1"><div itemprop="articleBody"><p style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgguen0s-3yqwJkpu7D5MBy-2WxNzmuEL0OlNbV1iyl5ciSdMDCXPKBB7cj-TOWg0bKll6rPoEKbqxzWls-d5l4qPuhFMeEFYm4Xqo9zXCFH81ZxoZbaO94hXCUnDydXiAJIP-YUDWMDOTN/s224/pghu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="224" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgguen0s-3yqwJkpu7D5MBy-2WxNzmuEL0OlNbV1iyl5ciSdMDCXPKBB7cj-TOWg0bKll6rPoEKbqxzWls-d5l4qPuhFMeEFYm4Xqo9zXCFH81ZxoZbaO94hXCUnDydXiAJIP-YUDWMDOTN/s0/pghu.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was warmhearted and friendly and occasionally, he joked with the people around him. Due to his <i>fitrah</i>
(nature) he always acted in moderation. His gentleness is also referred
to in the Holy Quran: "It was by a mercy from God that, you (O
Messenger) were lenient with them. Had you been harsh and hard-hearted,
they would surely have scattered away from about you."(Al-i Imran,
3/159).<br /><p></p>
<p>
However when he did make jokes and pleasantries, he always behaved
moderately like he did in every aspect of his life. For example, as
related by Abu Hurairah, when some of his companions said to Prophet
Muhammad (ﷺ): “O Messenger of Allah, you joke with us?” He replied: <i>“Yes, I do. But I only tell the truth.”</i> This case reveals that the most important thing about a joke is that it should tell the truth and not be offensive.</p>
<p>
<b>Prophet Muhammad (</b><b>ﷺ)’s Jokes and Plays with Children</b></p>
<p>
The children the Prophet (ﷺ) joked most with were obviously his
grandchildren, Hasan and Hussein. He would hold their hands, place them
on his feet and then lift them to his bosom, hug and kiss them.
Sometimes he would even carry them on his shoulders.</p>
<p>
One day, while Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was going to a gathering with
his companions, he ran into Hussein who was playing on the street. He
stopped in front of him, opened his arms and called him. But Hussein did
not want to come and he ran away playfully. Then the Prophet ran after
Hussein laughing and caught him. Then he kissed and petted him and gave
him his blessings.</p>
<p>
In another narration by Jabir, the Prophet (ﷺ) was pretending to be a
camel, and his grandsons were riding on his back. He was walking on his
hands and feet and made a compliment to them:</p>
<p>
<i>“How wonderful is your camel and how wonderful riders you are!”</i></p>
<p>
Anas b. Malik was a companion who had served the Prophet from the age of ten. The Prophet sometimes joked with him by saying: “<i>Ya Za’l-uzunayn</i> (O you with two ears).” Then he would pull Malik’s locks lightly and pet him.<br />
</p>
<p>
<b>The Prophet`s Jokes with His Companions</b></p>
<h4>
Jokes with His Wives</h4>
<ul><li>
According to a<i> </i>narration from Ibn Abbas, someone once asked him about the kinds of jokes Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) made and he replied:</li></ul>
<p>
Once Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) made one of his wives wear a long dress and told her; <i>“Wear this dress and be grateful to Allah and walk like a bride dragging her skirts.”</i></p>
<ul><li>
In a narration from Aisha, she narrates: Once the Prophet and I were
on a journey. I was thin back then and I was not fat. The Prophet told
the people around him:</li></ul>
<p>
<i>“You go ahead.”</i> When we were left behind far enough, he told me:</p>
<p>
<i>“Let’s race!”</i></p>
<p>
We raced and I outstripped him. He did not mention it again until I put
on some weight. Meanwhile I completely forgot about this incident.
During another journey, he told the people around him to go ahead. When
they went far away, he said to me, <i>“Let’s race!”</i> This time he outstripped me and started to laugh saying <i>“we are even now.”</i></p>
<ul><li>
From Numan b. Bashir: “When at the time Abu Bakr asked for permission
to enter the presence of the Prophet, he heard from inside his daughter
speaking to the Prophet in a loud voice. When he entered, he marched
over to his daughter in anger.</li></ul>
<p>
He scolded his daughter saying: “I heard you shouting at the Prophet.
What kind of a behavior is this?!” Then Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)
intervened and defended his wife. When Abu Bakr left, he asked Aisha: <i>“Did not I save you from your father?”</i>
A few days later, Abu Bakr came to visit the Prophet again. When he
entered the house, he saw that the Prophet and Aisha were getting along
very well.” Then he said:</p>
<p>
“Wonderful, let me share your peace as you made me share your fight.” Then the Prophet replied:</p>
<p>
<i>“That’s exactly what we are doing”</i> (Abu Dawud, Adab, 92; Kandahlavi, IV, 1176-1177).</p>
<p>
<b>His Jokes with Other Female Companions</b></p>
<ul><li>
As related by Hasan, an old lady from the Ansar (residents of Medina) came to the Prophet and told him:</li></ul>
<p>
“Please make a <i>dua</i> (supplication) for me that I go to heaven.”</p>
<p>
The Prophet replied: <i>“Did you not hear it? Old women cannot go to heaven.”</i></p>
<p>
The old lady became upset upon this. Then the Prophet said sm<span><span>iling: <i>“Have you not read the vers</i></span><i>e:</i></span><i>
"We have produced the women of Paradise in a [new] creation and made
them virgins, devoted [to their husbands] and of equal age” </i>(Al-Vaqiah,
56/35-37). Then he explained to the old lady in a pleasant manner that
old women would go to heaven as young girls, and he cheered her up.</p>
<ul><li>
Once Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) told a lady that her husband has a white
spot in his eyes. The woman sadly came to her husband and related what
the Prophet had said. Her husband told her that the Prophet had joked
with her and that he actually meant that everyone has a white spot in
their eyes (En-Nuveyri, IV, 3; Ibn Kuteybe, 439; Krs. Koten, IV,466).</li></ul>
<p>
<b>His Jokes with Male Companions</b></p>
<ul><li>
As related by Anas b. Malik: Once a man came to the Prophet and wanted to give him a ride on his camel. The Prophet replied: <i>“We should give you a ride on a baby camel then.”</i></li></ul>
<p>
“O Messenger of Allah, how can I ride on a baby camel?”</p>
<p>
The Prophet replied:</p>
<p>
<i>“Are not all camels the babies of a mother camel?”</i> (Abu Dawud, Adab, 92; Tirmizi, Birr, 57)</p>
<ul><li>
As narrated by Anas b. Malik: A companion named Anjasha was leading
the camels that were carrying the Prophet’s wives on the way back from
the farewell pilgrimage. He was making the camels run with rhythmic
songs he sang with his beautiful voice. The Prophet told him:</li></ul>
<p>
<i>“O Anjasha, ride slowly, do not break the crystals”</i> (Darimi, Istizan, 65).</p>
<p>
Here the Prophet used a very delicate and gentle term for women. He
stressed that his wives are pure and precious like crystal, and at the
same time they are very delicate; they can easily be broken.</p>
<ul><li>
Again narrated by Anas b. Malik: A bedouin named Zahir brought
presents from the desert to the Prophet. As he was leaving, the Prophet
also gave him presents and told him:</li></ul>
<p>
<i>“Zahir represents us living in the desert and we represent him living in the city.”</i>
Although he was physically an ugly man, the Prophet loved him dearly.
While Zahir was shopping, the Prophet hid himself behind him and asked <i>“Who am I?”</i> Zahir recognized him.</p>
<p>
Then the Prophet asked <i>“Who is going to buy this slave?”</i></p>
<p>
Zahir replied: “O Messenger of Allah, do you find me worthless then?”</p>
<p>
The Prophet replied:</p>
<p>
“Are you not a slave of Allah? You are very worthy in Allah’s presence (Ahmad b. Hanbal, Tirmizi, Kandahlavi, III, 1176).</p>
<p>
As can be seen from the above anecdotes, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used the art of simile and puns very often.</p>
<p>
<b>Companions’ Jokes with the Prophet</b></p>
<ul><li>
Once Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was playing with his grandsons Hasan and
Hussein. The kids were sitting on his shoulders. When Umar saw this, he
told the children:</li></ul>
<p>
“How precious is your horse!”</p>
<p>
The Prophet replied:</p>
<p>
<i>“They are fine riders as well.”</i> (Heysemi, ibid, IX, 181-182).</p>
<ul><li>
In another incident, Hasan and Hussein got lost. The Prophet found
them after a long search. The kids were very scared. The Prophet petted
and kissed them. He placed both of them on his shoulders and was
carrying them home. He ran into Salman who told the children:</li></ul>
<p>
“How lucky you are. You have a fine horse.” The Prophet replied:</p>
<p>
<i>“They are fine riders as well. But their father is even better than them” </i>(Heysemi, ibid, 182; Koten, IV, 468).</p>
<p>
Nuayman was one of the most humorous companions and he loved the
Prophet dearly. Whenever a fine item came to Medina, he would buy it and
then give it to the Prophet as a present. One day he saw that some fine
quality honey had arrived Medina. He bought some and brought it to the
Prophet. However he had not paid the salesman. He brought the salesman
to the Prophet and told him to take the money from the Prophet. The
Prophet asked:</p>
<p>
<i>“I thought you brought the honey as a present?”</i></p>
<p>
Nuayman replied: “O Messenger of Allah! I wanted you to taste this
fine honey so much, but since I didn't have any money, I did it this
way.”</p>
<p>
The Prophet laughed and paid the salesman (I. Abdilberr , el-Istiab, IV, 473).</p></div><p><small>For
the entire text, please see, Yakit, Ismail, Hz. Peygamberi Anlamak
(Understanding the Holy Prophet), Ötüken Yayınları, Istanbul, 2005.</small></p></div></div>
</div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-57629437224845261272021-08-30T20:33:00.002+03:002021-08-30T20:34:47.847+03:00The Messenger of Allah<p> </p><div class="entry-content">
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lastprophet.info/files/143-image16.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="300" height="428" src="https://lastprophet.info/files/143-image16.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br />The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) is the most elevated and select of created
beings. He is a wonder of art, manifesting Divine power. He is a unique
human being in that he was addressed by Allah as ‘My beloved’<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">[1]</a>.
The Holy Qur’an is filled with praise and descriptions of his
elevatedness. Some of the verses directly praise him whilst others do so
implicitly.<span id="more-8996"></span><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah bestowed upon him such a
magnificent rank that mankind is unable to truly perceive what he was.
It is not possible to reach to the level of his perfect virtue nor is it
possible to completely describe him with words, which are limited. Our
description of him with language is a mere drop from the ocean.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Some of the verses that indicate the
lofty station of the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
in the sight of Allah are as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b><b>We have only sent you as a mercy to all the worlds’</b>(Anbiya, 21:107)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b><b>Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah</b>…(Nisa, 4:80)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b><b>Say, ‘If you
love Allah, then follow me and Allah will love you and forgive you for
your wrong actions. Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful.’</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Say, ‘Obey Allah and the Messenger.’ Then if they turn away, Allah does not love the unbelievers</b> (Al-i Imran, 3:31-32)’.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>Those who pledge you their allegiance pledge allegiance to Allah…</b> (Fath, 48:10).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Imam Malik ibn Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) </b>once said to the Caliph Abu Ja’far ibn Mansur:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Commander of the Believers. Do not raise your voice in this <i>masjid an-nabi</i> (the prophet’s mosque). Allah, Most High, has taught a community <i>adab</i> in this matter by saying:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b><b>‘</b><b>You
who have faith! Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet
and do not be as loud when speaking to him as you are when speaking to
one another, lest your actions should come to nothing without your
realising it’</b> (Hujurat, 49:2).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He has praised others with the following expression:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>Those who lower their voices when they are with the Messenger of Allah are people whose hearts Allah has tested for <i>taqwa</i>. They will have forgiveness and an immense reward</b> (Hujurat, 49:3).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">And he has censured another group of people as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>As for those who call out to you from outside your private quarters, most of them do not use their intellect’</b> (Hujurat, 49:4).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">To respect the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) after his demise is like respecting him while he was still alive”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abu Ja’far bowed his head at these words and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Imam! Should I turn to the Qibla and pray or should I turn to the Messenger of Allah (his tomb) and pray?</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a> <p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Imam Malik responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> “Why should you turn your face from
him? He is a means for both you and your father Adam to reach Allah. On
the contrary turn to him and ask for him to intercede for you and Allah
will allow him to intercede for you. Allah has said in the Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘…<b>If only when they wronged
themselves they had come to you and asked Allah’s forgiveness and the
Messenger had asked forgiveness for them they would have found Allah
Ever-Returning, Most Merciful’</b> (Nisa, 4:64).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another verse which demonstrates the care and love that Allah shows for His Messenger is as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>Do not make the Messenger’s summoning of you the same as your summoning of one another</b>…’(Nur, 24:63).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>commented on this verse as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The people were addressing Allah’s
Messenger as ‘O Muhammad’ or ‘O Abu al-Qasim’. Allah Most High forbade
such addresses in order to exalt the honour of His prophet. After that
the people began to address him as such: ‘O nabiullah’ (Prophet of
Allah) and ‘O Rasulallah’ (Messenger of Allah)” (Abu Nuaym, <i>Dalail,</i> I, 46)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Moreover in contrast to the other
prophets, Almighty Allah Himself never addressed His Beloved using his
name but rather addressed him as ‘O Messenger’ or ‘O prophet’. In this
way He taught us a nice lesson in adab.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The honouring and favouring of the
prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by Allah is not
limited to these examples and will continue on forever. A verse from the
Holy Qur’an states:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>And assuredly, He will increasingly grant you his favours one after another, and you will be contented’</b> (Duha, 93:5)<b>.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b>One day the Companions
were talking amongst themselves. They were expressing their wonder
about how Allah befriended a created human being, that is the prophet
Ibrahim (<i>al-Khalil</i>), how He spoke to the prophet Musa, how the prophet Isa was His Word and Spirit and His selection of the prophet Adam.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) approached them and listened to what they were saying. He then said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Indeed, it is exactly as you say”. </i>He then mentioned his own elevated characteristics:<i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I am the master of the messengers
and I am not boasting. I am the seal of the prophets, without boasting. I
will be the first to intercede (for my community) and the first whose
intercession will be accepted but I do not say this in order to boast” </i>(Darimi, Muqaddima, 8).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“On the Day of Judgement when the
earth is split open I will be the first to be resurrected but I am not
boasting. The Banner of Praise will be given to me, but I do not boast
about this. I will be the master of the people on the Day of Judgement
but there is no boast. I will be the first to enter Paradise on the Day
of Judgement but I do not make this a means to boast.” </i>(Darimi, Muqaddima, 8. In addition see Tirmidhi, Manaqib, 1/3616).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not possible to completely
perceive the elevated nature of the prophet of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him). Almighty Allah loves him and has bestowed upon
him all superior characteristics.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The following is from the beautiful poem praising the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) by<b> Ibn al-Amin Mahmud Kemal:</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “O my master who is enveloped in
light from head to toe. Almighty Allah has favoured you with a special
favour in that He did not give you a shadow. However on that intense Day
the shade from your shadow will fall upon the heads of all of mankind,
and your intercession will reach everybody”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is the ‘Best of Examples’ </b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Mankind has been sent to this world to
be examined and so he has been created in such a way that he is capable
of doing both good and evil. This is why his life, in both his inner and
outer world, is spent in the struggle between good and evil. Our
faculties of intelligence, cognition, foresight (<i>iz’an)</i> and
will are not enough to allow good to overcome evil. If these had been
sufficient, Allah, Most High, would not have endorsed Adam, the first
human being, with prophethood. At all times, Allah, Most High, has
guided mankind to the truth and to goodness through His divine
revelation and through His prophets. He has also sent Books that
reinforce the intelligence and the heart and has subjected His servants
to spiritual training.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Moreover, the training of the human
being takes place more so by taking someone as their example and by the
inclination to imitate another. That is, the human being is ever in need
of a model. The masses then take shape according to that model. For a
human being to take someone as their model is dependent on admiration
and adoration. The lover imitates the one they love to the degree that
they love them. They never remove them from their heart, nor cease
talking about them. Furthermore, in general, people generally fall in
love with good character and personality.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Our Lord, who is infinitely merciful to
His servants, bestowed upon us His most beloved and merciful prophet as a
unique and unparalleled model and best guide. Almighty Allah’s love for
the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and His adorning
him with the best of character is undoubtedly a manifestation of his
love and mercy for us.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">By bestowing upon us this most beautiful
and perfect example, Allah Most High has willed that we adopt a share
of that loftiness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> He says in the Holy Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>You have an excellent model in
the Messenger of Allah, for all who put their hope in Allah and the Last
Day and remember Allah much’</b> (Ahzab, 33:21).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day<b> Ahmad ibn Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) </b>said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I looked at the Holy Qur’an and saw
that it commanded obedience to the Messenger of Allah in thirty three
places”. Then he read the following verse:</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذ۪ينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ اَمْرِه۪ٓ اَنْ تُص۪يبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ اَوْ يُص۪يبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ اَل۪يمٌ</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘…</b><b>Those who oppose his command should beware of a testing trial (<i>fitna</i>) coming to them or a painful punishment striking them’ </b>(Nur, 24:63).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then repeated this verse over and over again and asked himself:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“What is this fitna that the verse says will come? It is <i>shirk</i> (associating partners with Allah) and <i>kufur</i>
(unbelief). That trial will probably come to the person as follows:
Whenever a person rejects a word of the prophet, there will arise in his
heart crookedness and his heart will begin to boil. Eventually that
person’s heart will stray completely away from guidance and destroy its
owner”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After saying this Ahmad ibn Hanbal then read the following verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘No, by your Lord, they are not
believers until they make you their judge in the disputes that break out
between them, and then find no resistance within themselves to what you
decide and submit themselves completely’</b> (Nisa, 4:65)<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">[2]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day a man said to <b>Malik ibn Anas (may Allah have mercy on him)</b>:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Shall I enter ihram in the Masjid an-Nabi or at Dhu al-Hulayfa?” Imam Malik responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“At Dhu al-Hulayfa” That man said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I entered ihram at the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Imam Malik then recited the following verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘…</b><b>Those who oppose his command should beware of a testing trial (<i>fitna</i>) coming to them or a painful punishment striking them’</b> (Nur, 24:63)<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">[3]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is stated in another verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>As for those who abuse Allah
and His Messenger, Allah’s curse is on them in this world and the
hereafter. He has prepared a humiliating punishment for them’</b> (Ahzab, 33:57). <b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) displayed an unparalleled beauty and perfection
at every stage and aspect of his life.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">All beautiful behaviour whether in
summary or in detail, can be found in him. Thus, every human being can
find in his noble life and his Sunnah, the best and most perfect of
behaviour as their model.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Throughout history the believers who
have loved the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and
followed his Sunnah with a profound adulation have been the people of <i>taqwa;</i>
that is the true masters of tasawwuf. Their love for the Messenger of
Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is a voluntary and unbiased
love. What has allowed him to remain vibrant and alive in their hearts
and enabled Islam to reach distant lands, in the face of oppression and
persecution, has been this love and the feelings of selflessness that it
brings. A life of Islam as described by the Quranic verses and by the
hadith, which is the spiritual life of the prophet and his Companions,
is the most perfect state aimed at by the people of tasawwuf. The
prosperity of the heart attained by righteous people, who imitate the
life and beautiful state of the prophet in accordance with their
opportunity, is transmitted from heart to heart through spiritual
reflection. That is, the greatest aim of the people of tasawwuf is to
approach as closely as possible the life of the prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with
them).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his worship</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Having preferred to be a slave prophet as opposed to a king prophet the Messenger of Allah<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">[4]</a>
(peace and blessings be upon him) gave great importance to worship that
allowed a person to come closer to Allah. Every state of the Messenger
of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was an act of worship and he
always tried to remain clean and pure in His presence. For this reason
he would always be in a state of ablution and encouraged the believers
to take ablution as often as possible<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5">[5]</a>. He would renew his ablution before every prayer<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6">[6]</a>, and advise others to take ablution before going to bed<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7">[7]</a>.
Outer cleanliness brings about inner cleanliness. Cleansing and
purifying oneself in all aspects results in friendship with Allah.
Allah, Most High, only befriends those who purify themselves of filth
and impurities.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>His salat</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Salat</i>, the ritual prayer, was the delight of the prophet’s eye and the continuation of the <i>Mi’raj</i> (the Ascension). He was extremely meticulous about the obligatory prayers (the <i>fard</i>). He would perform his prayer at the beginning of the allocated time and in congregation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When the prayer was commanded very soon
after he became a prophet, he prayed in congregation, from the first
day, with his wife Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her) and with Ali
(may Allah be pleased with him). In order to perform his prayer in
peace he would distance himself from Mecca and go to a quiet and
tranquil valley to perform his prayer. Day by day the small congregation
that he formed grew ever larger and soon enveloped the entire realm.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition to the obligatory prayers,
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend his
days and nights in supererogatory (<i>nafilah</i>) worship. For instance, the <i>sunnah</i> prayers that he would pray before and after the <i>fard</i>, the <i>tahajjud</i> prayer that he would perform in the late night, the prayer of <i>ishraq</i> that he would pray 45 minutes after the sun rose, the <i>duha</i> prayer that he would pray when the heat of the sun began to increase, the <i>awwabin</i> prayer that he would pray after the evening prayer (<i>maghrib</i>),
the four rakats of prayer that he would pray before going to bed, the
prayers that he would perform as he renewed his ablution throughout the
day, and the <i>tahiyyat al-masjid</i> prayer that he would pray when
he entered any mosque. These are all illustrations of how the blessed
heart of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in
a constant state of prayer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace
and blessings be upon him) would set out for battle he would perform the
prayer. He would pray long <i>nafilah</i> prayers whilst sitting on
his camel during a journey, and when he returned he would first stop by
the mosque to pray two rakats of prayer before going home.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace
and blessings be upon him) was pleased at some event, or received some
good news, or his prayer was accepted he would immediately prostrate and
pray to thank Allah for this favour<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8">[8]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Whenever he recited a verse from the Qur’an that mentioned ‘<i>sajdah’</i> or prostration, he would immediately prostrate. Whenever he met with sorrow or was grieved he would find consolation in prayer<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9">[9]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He would immediately stand to pray in
the face of extraordinary phenomena such as solar or lunar eclipses or
earthquakes, as unique manifestations of divine majesty<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10">[10]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Whenever he asked for a need from Allah he would pray. When there was a drought he would pray the prayer of <i>istiska</i>. He would perform the prayer of <i>tasbih</i> from time to time. Whenever he had to make a decision about something he would perform the prayer of <i>istikhara</i> and ask for the best from Allah. During the month of Ramadan, he would pray the long <i>tarawih</i> prayer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When we look at the Holy Qur’an we see indications for each of these prayers<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11">[11]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah would perform his prayer slowly and in great reverence (<i>khushu</i>), complying with its entire requisite conditions (<i>ta’dil-i arkan</i>). He would give himself completely to prayer. Those who saw him would find it impossible to describe the beauty in his prayer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">While praying, sounds like the boiling of water could be heard coming from his chest and due to his crying<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12">[12]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time during a battle, the Messenger
of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had stopped over at a place
between Dajnan and Usfan. The idolaters said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“They have such a prayer which is more
precious to them than their fathers or their children. This prayer is
the late afternoon prayer (<i>asr</i>). Be ready and we will attack them all together”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Upon this the angel Gabriel came to the
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and revealed the
102nd verse of the chapter Nisa, which taught them how to pray in
congregation during a battle. (Tirmidhi, Tafsir, 4/21)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Thus, the prophet (peace and blessings
be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
continued to perform their prayer on time and in congregation even
during the battle.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Umm Habibah (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I heard the Messenger of Allah say:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Whoever performs twelve rakats of
nafilah prayer, in addition to the five obligatory prayers, Allah Most
High will build for him a house in Paradise”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">From the day that I heard this good news
from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) I
continued to perform these prayers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Other narrators of this hadith, who
narrated it from each other, also continued to perform these prayers
(Muslim, Musafirin, 103).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Qatada (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One day I entered the Masjid al-Nabi. I
saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting
there amongst his Companions. I went to them and sat with them. The
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“What has prevented you from performing two rakats of prayer before you sit?” </i> I replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. When I saw you and the people sitting I came and sat with you.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Whenever one of you enters a mosque, let him not sit down before he prays two rakat or prayer”</i> (Muslim, Musafirin, 70).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Companions also received their share of the eagerness of the prophet for the prayer. Some examples are as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A group of merchants once came and stayed in the musalla<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13">[13]</a> of Madina. The Caliph Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abdurrahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“If you are available come and let us guard this group against thieves?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abdurrahman accepted and they began to guard the group for the entire night. During this time they prayed as much <i>nafilah</i> prayer as Allah allowed. (Ibn Sa‘d, III, 301; Ibn al-Jawzi, <i>Manaqib,</i> p. 77)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time when the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) was returning to Madina from a battle
he stopped over somewhere. He turned to his Companions and asked them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Who will be on guard tonight?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ammar ibn Yasir (may Allah be pleased
with him), from the Emigrants, and Abbad ibn Bishr (may Allah be pleased
with him), from the Helpers, immediately replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We will take guard o Messenger of Allah”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abbad (may Allah be pleased him) then turned to Ammar (may Allah be pleased him) and asked him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Which part of the night do you want to be on guard: at the start or at the end? Ammar (may Allah be pleased him) replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I will take guard during the last part of the night”. He then lay down on his side and slept.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abbad (may Allah be pleased him) then
began to perform the prayer. At that point a pagan arrived and realising
that the standing silhouette was a guard he shot his arrow at him. The
arrow hit Abbad (may Allah be pleased him) who took it out and continued
to pray. The man then shot a second and a third time and each arrow hit
Abbad (may Allah be pleased him). Each time he remained standing and
removed the arrows and continued to pray. He then bowed down in <i>ruku</i> and then made the prostration. After finishing his prayer he woke his friend and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> “Wake up. I have been wounded”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ammar (may Allah be pleased him)
immediately rose and when the pagan saw them he realised that they had
seen him and he fled. When Ammar (may Allah be pleased him) saw Abbad
(may Allah be pleased him) bleeding, he said to him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Subhanallah! Why did you not wake me when the first arrow flew?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abbad (may Allah be pleased him) gave
the following awesome reply which showed his passion and eagerness for
the prayer and his deep reverence while performing it:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> <b><i>“I was reciting a
particular chapter (from the Qur’an) and I did not want to interrupt my
prayer without finishing it. However when the arrows continued to come
one after the other, I was forced to stop reciting it and bowed down. I
swear by Allah that had I not feared losing the privilege of guarding
these people that the Messenger of Allah commanded, I would have
preferred to die rather than interrupt my prayer”</i></b> (Abu Dawud, Taharah, 78/198; Ahmad, III, 344; Bayhaqi, <i>Dalail,</i> III, 459)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After that it became a habit of the Companions to perform the prayer whenever they were on guard or had made a stop-over<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14">[14]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It was the habit of Ali (may Allah be
pleased him) that while he was displaying an unparalleled bravery on the
battlefield, he would also be performing his worship in rare peace and
reverence. During one battle an arrow struck his foot. Due to the great
pain he felt, others were unable to take out the arrow. Ali said to
them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Let me stand to pray and then take it out”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">They did as he said and without any
difficulty they were able to remove the arrow. When Ali (may Allah be
pleased him) finished praying he asked them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“What did you do?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">They replied: “We removed it”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The body of Ali (may Allah be pleased
him) during prayer was in a state of such reverence and felt such
spiritual pleasure that he had literally lost touch with the world…</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) indicates the connection of the heart that a true
believer should have with the prayer:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “When the believer passes away and
is placed in his grave, he will be shown an image of the sun setting.
The deceased believer will sit rubbing his eyes and say:</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Leave me so I can perform the prayer” (Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 32).The pre-dawn</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the pre-dawn, which is the most
fruitful time of the day Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon
him) would enter a different realm and be enveloped in a completely
different spiritual state.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah, Most High, has said to His Most Beloved to benefit from the prosperity of the night:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>And stay awake for prayer
during part of the night as a supererogatory action for yourself. It may
well be that your Lord will raise you to a Praiseworthy Station’</b> (Isra, 17:79).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>tahajjud</i> prayer was
commanded to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
when he became a prophet. After the verse that commanded him to read the
book of the universe, mankind and the Qu’ran in the name of Allah, he
was commanded to perform the ritual prayer<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15">[15]</a> and the <i>tahajjud</i> prayer.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In this verse the time, quality and wisdom of the <i>tahajjud</i> prayer are explained in detail:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b><b>‘You who are enwrapped in your clothing!</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>stay up at night, except a little,</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>half of it, or a little less,</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>or a little more, and recite the Qur’an distinctly.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>We will impose a weighty Word upon you.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Certainly rising at night has a stronger effect and is more conducive to concentration.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>In the daytime much of your time is taken up by business matters.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Remember the Name of your Lord, and devote yourself to Him completely. </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lord of the East and West – there is no god but Him –so take Him as your Guardian.</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Be steadfast in the face of what they say and cut yourself off from them – but courteously’ </b>(Muzzammil, 73:1-10)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After that the Messenger of Allah (peace
and blessings be upon him) never abandoned performing the prayer during
this most fruitful time of the night. He would seek forgiveness,
remember Allah, recite from the Qur’an, and supplicate to Allah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even when he was ill or did not have the
strength to stand, he would revive this time of the night whilst
sitting (Abu Dawud, Tatawwu’, 18/1307).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>the prophet’s wife, has informed us:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…Whenever the Messenger of Allah would
wake up at night, he would first perform four rakats of prayer which
were of such beauty and length that I cannot describe. He would then
perform another four rakats of prayer and these were also of such beauty
and length that I cannot describe. Then he would pray three more rakats
of prayer…” (Bukhari, Tahajjud 16, Tarawih 1; Muslim, Musafirin 125).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Huzayfa (may Allah be pleased with him)</b> narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One night I was performing the prayer
with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He began
to recite from the chapter Baqara. I said to myself: “He will probably
bow down at the 100th verse”. When he came to the 100th verse, he
continued to recite. I said to myself: “He will probably perform two
rakats with this chapter”. He continued to recite. I said to myself: “He
will bow down after he finishes the chapter”. However he still did not
finish, but began to recite from the chapter Nisa. When he finished that
he went on to chapter Al’i Imran<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16">[16]</a>.
He was reading very slowly and when he came to the verses of
glorification, he would say: “Subhanallah”. When he came to a verse
about seeking refuge in Allah, he would seek refuge in Allah. He then
bowed down and began to say: “<i>Subhana Rabbi al Azim</i>”. His <i>ruku</i> lasted for as long as his <i>qiyam</i>. Then he stood upright and said: “<i>Sami allahu liman hamida, Rabbena laka al hamd</i>”. He then stayed for a period almost as long as he was in <i>ruku</i>. Then he bowed down in prostration, saying: “<i>Subhana Rabbi al ‘Ala</i>”. His prostration lasted for almost as long as his standing” (Muslim, Musafirin, 203).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Rabia ibn Ka’b (may Allah be pleased with him), who served the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I would sleep by the door of the
Messenger of Allah and provide him his water for him to take his
ablution. A long time after he had stood to pray I would hear him say: ‘<i>Sami Allahu liman hamidah’</i> and a long time into the night I would hear him say: “<i>Alhamdulillahi Rabbi’l Alemin’</i> (Ahmad, IV, 57; Ibn Sa’d, IV, 313).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This narration openly shows how deep a reverence and the degree of presence that the Messenger of Allah had during his <i>tahajjud</i> prayer, and how long he would pray for.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In another narration Rabia said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I would wait by the door when the
Messenger of Allah entered his house, thinking that he might have a need
that I could fulfıl. I would hear him say constantly: ‘<i>Subhanallah, Subhanallah, Subhanallah wa bihamdih</i>’. Eventually I would be tired and go back or I would be overcome with sleep and lie down and sleep” (Ahmad, IV, 59).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">According to Aisha (may Allah be pleased
with her), the prophet’s wife, the Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) would pray during the night until his feet were
swollen (from standing).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that she once asked the Messenger of Allah:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah! Allah has forgiven both your past and your future mistakes<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17">[17]</a>, so why do you do this (why do you cause yourself so much difficulty)?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Should I not wish to be a grateful slave?” (Bukhari, Tafsir, 48/2; Muslim, Munafiqin, 81).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The following words of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), also describe the prophet’s love of worship.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…I know well that on the Day of Badr,
all of us slept except for the Messenger of Allah. He, however, stood
under a tree and prayed until the morning, with the tears rolling down
his cheeks”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18">[18]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him), </b>narrates<b>: </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Whenever the Messenger of Allah was unable to perform the <i>tahajjud</i> prayer due to a sickness of some sort, he would pray twelve rakats of prayer the next day” (Muslim, Musafirin, 140).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Amr ibn Abasa (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One day I said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. Is there a time that is closer to Allah than the others?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Yes, the time when the Lord is
closest to His servant is in the middle of the last part of the night.
If you have the strength to be one of those who remember Allah at that
time, then do so…” </i>(Abu Dawud, Salat, 299/1277).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Uthman an Nahdi (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I was the guest of Abu Hurairah for
seven nights. Abu Hurairah, his wife, and his servant would divide the
night up into three parts and each would stay up for a part. Each would
perform the prayer and then wake the other up (Bukhari, At’ima, 40).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>His Fasting</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) would fast the obligatory fast during Ramadan,
with great eagerness. After that he would continue to fast regularly. He
would prefer to fast in particular on Mondays and Thursdays and he
would explain the reason as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Deeds are presented to Allah on Mondays and Thursday. I like for my deeds to be presented to Allah whilst I am fasting”</i> (Tirmidhi, Sawm, 44/747).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I was born on a Monday and it was on a Monday that revelation began to be revealed to me” </i>(Muslim, Siyam, 198).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) would also give great importance to fasting on
the 13th, 14th, and 15th days of the lunar month, which are called ‘<i>Ayyam-i Bidh’</i>. He would also advise this to his Companions. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The prophet never neglected to fast on the <i>Ayyam-i Bidh</i> in either peace or battle” (Nasai, Sawm, 70).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would fast six days from the month of Shawwal<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19">[19]</a>, and the fast of Ashura on the 9th and 10th or the 10th and 11th days of Muharram<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20">[20]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He said that righteous deeds performed
on the first ten days of the month of Dhi al-Hijjah were very precious
in the sight of Allah<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21">[21]</a> and in particular about the fast on the day of <i>ashura</i> he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“It is atonement for the sins of an entire past year and for the next year”</i> (Muslim, Siyam 196, 197).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There was no month in which he did not
fast until the day he passed away. In particular he would fast for most
of the month of Shaban<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22">[22]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sometimes he would perform <i>sawm-i wisal</i> that is he would fast for a few days without breaking his fast, however, he did not allow his Companions to do so<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23">[23]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>His Hajj and Umrah</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) described the virtues of hajj and umrah as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Let the one who wishes to perform
the hajj make haste. It may be that he falls ill, he loses his mount or
another need arises” </i>(Ahmad, I, 214; Ibn Majah, Manasik, 1).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Umra is an atonement for the
(minor) sins of a person performed between two umrahs. And the reward
for an accepted hajj is Paradise” </i>(Bukhari, Umra, 1).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Close the gap between hajj and
umrah. These remove poverty and sins just like the bellows clean away
the rust of iron, gold and silver” </i>(Tirmidhi, Hajj, 2/810; Ibn Majah, Manasik, 3; Ahmad, III, 446-447).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Like the spending done for the sake of Allah, Allah rewards the spending done during Hajj seven hundred fold </i>(Ahmad, V, 354-355).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet (peace and blessings be upon
him) would also declare the virtues of sacrificing animals for the sake
of Allah and he would do so for himself, his family and for those from
his community who were unable to<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24">[24]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>His charity</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The nature of the charity of the
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was so elevated
that it is impossible to describe it. He loved to give more so than
receiving. He would give out great amounts, without fearing poverty in
the slightest. He would say that what belonged to him was not what
remained after he had given, but what he in fact gave out<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25">[25]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He informed us that <i>sadaqa</i> (charity) reached Allah before it reached the one in need<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26">[26]</a>.
For this reason he would immediately give out whatever came to him, and
if there was something in his house that he could give away he would
not find peace and he would be unable to sleep.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Umm Salamah (may God be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One day the Messenger of Allah came to me, his face having changed colour. Thinking that this was due to some pain I asked him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. Your face has changed colour, what is the matter?” The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I am in this state because of the
seven dinars that came to us yesterday. It is night time and the dinars
are still under my bed (We have not been able to give them away)”</i> (Ahmad, VI, 293; Haysami, X, 238).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings
be upon him) lived in a constant state of altruism. He would give any
gifts or charity that came to him to the People of the Bench that is to
those needy Muslims who had dedicated themselves to serving the religion
of Allah. His mercy embraced all of creation and he was always thinking
of the poor and needy.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her),
the daughter of the prophet was the most beloved member of his family.
She used to grind wheat with a grinder and carry water in a water-skin
which resulted in callouses on her hands and shoulders. Her clothes were
always dirty and dusty from sweeping the house. At one time, some war
captives were brought to the Messenger of Allah. I said to Fatima:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Why do you not go to your father and
ask for a servant?” Fatima went to her father, but the Messenger of
Allah was talking to some people at the time and so she returned home.
The next day the Messenger of Allah went to Fatima and asked her:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“My daughter, what was it that you were in need of?”</i> Fatima was silent and did not reply. I intervened and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Let me explain o Messenger of Allah” and I explained the matter to him. The Messenger of Allah then said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Fatima. Fear Allah. Perform His
obligatory commands. Do your family’s chores. When you go to bed repeat
Subhanallah thirty three times, Alhamdulillah thirty three times, and
Allahu Akbar thirty four times. This makes a total of one hundred. This
is better for you than a servant”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Fatima said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I am pleased with Allah and His
Messenger”. The Messenger of Allah did not provide her with a servant”
(Abu Dawud, Kharaj, 19-20/2988. See Bukhari, Humus, 6).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) later said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“By Allah I cannot give you a
servant when the People of the Bench are tying rocks to their stomach
due to their hunger and I cannot find anything to provide for them. I am
going to receive a ransom for the war captives and use the proceeds to
spend on the People of the Bench”</i> (Ahmad, I, 106).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another time when the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) was digging the trench and carrying
earth together with the Muslims, he became very hungry and tied stones
to his stomach in order to quell his hunger. Seeing the pain on the face
of the Messenger of Allah, Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him)
invited him to his house in order to offer him what little food he had
in his house. However, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be
upon him) was always thinking of his Companions before himself. He thus
gathered them all and in a miraculous fashion fed over a thousand
Companions with food that would normally have sufficed only a few people<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27">[27]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">These narrations show us how profound and endless a mercy and compassion he felt for all of the believers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings
be upon him) never kept anything beyond what was an essential need. When
he could find nothing to give away he would promise to give something
when it arrived and in fact even went into debt in order to meet the
needs of the poor<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28">[28]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On the day he passed away, the Messenger
of Allah told Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) to give the six or
seven dinars that were under his bed to the poor. A little while later
he asked what happened to the dinars. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with
her) told him that she had forgotten to give them away as she was
preoccupied with his illness. He then asked her for the dinars and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Muhammad, the prophet of Allah,
does not see fit that he should go to his Lord with these still in his
possessions, and not having given them away to the needy…” </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then had them given to five needy families from the Ansar. After that he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Now I am at ease…” </i>He then fell into a light sleep. (Ahmad, VI, 104; Haysami, X, 239-240; Ibn Sa‘d, II, 237-238).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This was the never-ending charity of the prophet which did not decrease, even on his deathbed…</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The Khushu of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The inner conditions of worship are just
as important as the outer conditions. Just as prayer cannot begin
without completing the required conditions of cleanliness and wudu so
too without conditions such as sincerity, <i>khushu</i>, and presence, which is the preparation of the heart, prayer cannot be begun.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah, Most High, says in the Holy Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘It is the believers who are successful: those who are humble in their salat</b>…’ (Mu’minun, 23:1-2).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be him) taught his Companions both the inner and outer
conditions of the prayer. One of the most important of the inner
conditions is ‘<i>khushu’</i> or deep reverence and humility.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Khushu</i> is when the heart
softens, becoming tender, delicate and profound in the face of the
divine manifestations of greatness and power. This state of the heart is
reflected in the limbs of one’s body and gives a certain peace, harmony
and spirituality to one’s actions. <i>Khushu</i> comes about as a result of one’s connection to Allah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> Abdullah ibn Shihhir (may Allah be pleased with him), one of the Companions, describes the <i>khushu</i> of the prophet during prayer as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One time I went to the Messenger of
Allah. He was praying and there was a sound like the boiling of water
coming from his chest due to his crying” (Abu Musa, Salat, 156-157/904;
Ahmad, IV, 25, 26).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The prayer is performed in two rakats. After two rakats you sit down for the </i>tashahhud<i>. You find yourself in deep </i>khushu<i>
and plead and supplicate to Allah. You are humble and lowered. (When
you finish your prayer) you raise your hands to your elevated Lord, the
inner palms to your face and begging: “O my Lord! O my Lord!.” Whoever
does not do this, then his prayer is lacking”</i> (Tirmidhi, Salat, 166/385).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another time the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to a person who performed his prayer quickly and without <i>khushu</i>:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Go back and perform your prayer once more, because you did not in fact pray.” </i>He then described the prayer to him as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When you rise to pray, proclaim the </i>takbir<i>
and then begin to read a portion of easy verses from the Qur’an that
you have memorised. Then bow down and stay there until all of your limbs
have reached a state of calm, then rise and stay calmly upright for a
while, then bow down in prostration and stay there for a while, then
come up and sit for a while. Apply this to your whole prayer.”</i> (Bukhari, Adhan 95, 122, Ayman 15, Isti’zan 18; Muslim, Salat 45).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He advised another Companion as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When you rise to pray, pray as if you were a person leaving this world”</i>. (Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 15; Ahmad, V, 412).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) once saw a man playing with his beard while praying. He said to him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Look at that man, if his heart was in </i>khushu<i>, his limbs would be also” </i>(Ali al-Muttaqi, VIII, 197/22530. See Abdurrazzaq, <i>Musannaf,</i> II, 266-267).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would not allow anything to interfere in his state of <i>khushu</i>
during prayer. One day Abu Jahm (may Allah be pleased with him) brought
to the prophet a fine embroidered robe. Allah’s Messenger performed his
prayer with that robe. When he was finished, he said to Aisha (may
Allah be pleased with her):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“<i>Return this robe to Abu Jahm. The embroidery caught my eye and I was about to lose my presence in the prayer</i>” (<i>Muwatta’</i>, Salat, 67; Bukhari, Salat, 14).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Worship that is performed without <i>khushu</i> becomes empty, meaningless and a mere form without spirit.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“A person finishes his prayer and
only a tenth, a ninth, an eighth, a seventh, a sixth, a fifth, a fourth,
a third or half of its reward is written down for them” </i>(Abu Dawud, Salat, 123-124/796; Ahmad, IV, 321)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another time the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The worst thief is the one who steals from his prayer”.</i> His Companions asked him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. How can a person steal from his prayer?” He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“He does not bow down or prostrate properly and when he rises he does not completely straighten his back” </i>(Ahmad, V, 310; Darimi, Salat, 78).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Thus, a prayer that is performed without abiding by the rules, and deprived of <i>khushu</i> will decrease in its value, decreasing to as much as a tenth. The angels will record in the book of deeds:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> “Such and such decreased the value of their prayer by a fourth, such and such by a half…” </i></b>(Abdurrazzaq, <i>Musannaf,</i> II, 371).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ubada ibn Samit (may Allah be pleased
with him) narrates something he learned from the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…The first knowledge (that is, state) that will be removed from people is <i>khushu</i>. The days are near when you will enter a large mosque and not be able to see a single person praying with <i>khushu</i>…” (Tirmidhi, Ilm, 5/2653; Darim, Muqaddima, 29).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah, Most High, describes those righteous servants of His who worship in <i>khushu</i> as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> “</b><b>…those who
give what they have given, their hearts fearful of their return to their
Lord, such people are truly racing towards good things, and they are
the first to reach them’</b> (Mu’minun, 23:60-61).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates<b>: </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“When the above verse was revealed I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Are those mentioned in the verse those who commit sins such as adultery, burglary or drinking alcohol?” The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“No, o daughter of Siddiq. Those
described in the verse are those who when they pray, fast or give in
charity are anxious about whether their worship will be accepted by
Allah or not?” </i> (Tirmidhi, Tafsir, 23/3175; Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 20).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">And so the most important purpose of training in tasawwuf is to allow the hearts to attain this state of <i>khushu</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The Messenger of Allah’s seeking of forgiveness and his supplication</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The most important sign of servitude to Allah is <i>istigfar</i> (seeking forgiveness) and <i>dua</i> (supplication).The one who is occupied with <i>istigfar</i> and <i>dua</i>
is a person who has perceived his own weakness and who lives in a state
of being together with Him by constantly remembering his Lord.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah says in the Holy Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“You who have faith! Make sincere <i>tawba</i> to Allah…’ (Tahrim, 66:8)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘The part of the night they (the people with taqwa) spent asleep was small and they would seek forgiveness before the dawn’</b> (Dhariyat, 51: 17-18).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O mankind! Make </i>tawba<i> to Allah and seek forgiveness from Him. Indeed I make </i>tawba<i> to Allah and seek His forgiveness 100 times, and even more in a day” </i>(Ahmad, IV, 261; Nasai, <i>Kubra,</i> IX, 168; Compare Muslim, Dhikr, 42).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Every morning when I go out I seek Allah’s forgiveness 100 times” </i>(Ibn Abi Shayba, <i>Musannaf,</i> VI, 57/29445; Nasai, <i>Kubra,</i> IX, 167).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is why the times of the predawn and the dawn are considered amongst the righteous predecessors (<i>salaf’i salihin</i>) to be times of seeking forgiveness and supplication and they would show great care at those times”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29">[29]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We would count the Messenger of Allah saying the following prayer 100 times in an assembly:</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِى وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Allah. Forgive me and accept my </i>tawba<i>. You accept </i>tawba<i> much and are Most Merciful”</i> (Abu Dawud, Witr, 26/1516; Tirmidhi, Dawat, 38/3434).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I never saw anyone say I seek forgiveness from Allah and I make <i>tawba</i> to Him more than the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)” (Nasai, <i>Kubra</i><i>,</i> IX, 171; Ibn Hibban, <i>Sahih,</i> III, 207/928).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Whoever continues to seek
forgiveness from Allah, Allah Most High will provide for them a way out
of every constriction, freedom from every sorrow, and provision from
where he never expected.” </i>(Abu Dawud, Witr, 26/1518; Ibn Majah, Adab, 57; Ahmad, I, 248; Hakim, IV, 291/7677).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also described the best form of <i>istigfar</i> as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The master of istigfar and the most superior is for you to say the following: </i></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">اَللّٰهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبّ۪ى لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ خَلَقْتَن۪ى وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ وَأَنَا عَلٰى عَهْدِكَ<br />
وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ أَبُوءُ لَكَ<br />
بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْب۪ى فَاغْفِرْ ل۪ى فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Allah! You are my Lord. None has
the right to be worshipped but You. You created me and I am Your
servant, and I am faithful to my covenant and my promise as much as I
can. I seek refuge with You from all the evil I have done. I acknowledge
before You all the blessings You have bestowed upon me, and I confess
to You all my sins. So I entreat You to forgive my sins, for nobody can
forgive sins except You”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet then continued:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Whoever reads this Master Prayer of
Forgiveness (Sayyid al-Istighfar) during the day, believing with all
his heart in its reward and virtue, will be of the people of Paradise if
he dies before the night falls. And whoever reads it at night,
believing with all his heart in its virtue and rewards will be of the
people of Paradise, if he dies before the morning” (</i>Bukhari, Dawat, 2, 16; Abu Dawud, Adab, 100-101; Nasai, Istiaza, 57/5519; Tirmidhi, Dawat, 15/3393).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Supplication</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah says:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>Call on your Lord humbly and secretly. He does not love those who overstep the limits’ </b>(A’raf, 7:55).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">‘<b>Their sides eschew their beds
as they call on their Lord in fear and ardent hope. And they give of
what We have provided for them. No one knows the delight that is hidden
away for it in recompense for what they used to do’ (</b>Sajdah, 32:16-17).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Say: ‘What has My Lord to do with you if you do not call on Him?’</b> (Furqan, 25:77).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Dua is the essence of servitude (to Allah).” </i>(Tirmidhi, Dawat, 1/3371).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Dua is worship itself.” </i>(Abu Dawud, Witr, 23/1479; Tirmidhi, Tafsir, 2/2969).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“There is nothing more precious in the sight of Allah than dua.” </i>(Tirmidhi, Dawat, 1/3370).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Ask from the virtue of Allah. For Allah Most High likes to be asked.” </i>(Tirmidhi, Dawat, 115/3571).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) was in a constant state of supplication. When we
look at books that have been compiled about his prayers we see that his
blessed heart was always turned to Allah. He had various supplications
for whenever he woke up for <i>tahajjud</i>, or went to relieve
himself, or to take ablutions, to read the call to prayer, to enter the
mosque, on leaving the mosque, after salat, on breaking his fast, after
eating, on leaving the house in the morning, when going for battle,
returning from battle, ascending his mount, stopping over on a journey,
buying something new, eating the first fruit or vegetable of the season,
when wearing his clothes, arising from an assembly, on reaching the
morning, when the night fell, when going to sleep, when waking up in the
night, in comfort and in distress…There were so many of these that his
Companions had trouble memorising them all<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30">[30]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Furthermore, the masters of tasawwuf
struggle to be always in the same state of supplication as the prophet
Muhammad. They take great care to plead to Allah with these prayers that
fell from the blessed lips of the prophet. The prophetic supplications
know better the ways that lead to Allah.<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31">[31]</a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The dhikr and Qur’an recitation of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah has commanded His servants as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Remember your Lord in yourself
humbly and fearfully, without loudness of voice, morning and evening. Do
not be one of the unaware.</b>’ (A’raf, 7:205).<b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘You who have faith! Remember Allah much, and glorify Him in the morning and the evening’ </b>(Ahzab, 33:41-42).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">With his beautiful character and model
behaviour and actions, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be
upon him), a living Qur’an, was always in a state of remembrance of
Allah, be it with his glorification or with his contemplation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The Messenger of Allah was always in a state of <i>dhikr</i>, at every moment” (Muslim, Haydh, 117; Abu Dawud, Taharah, 9/18; Tirmidhi, Dawat, 9/3384).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Hussain (may Allah be pleased with him),
the grandson of the prophet once asked his father Ali (may Allah be
pleased with him) about the character and <i>adab</i> of the prophet which his father described at length. At one point he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The Messenger of Allah neither sat down nor rose without remembering Allah…” (Ibn Sa‘d, I, 424).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even during his most difficult journeys the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was always preoccupied with <i>dhikrullah</i>. If during a journey it was not the time of <i>karahat</i><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><i><b>[32]</b></i></a>, he would perform his salat at length, upon his camel. At other times he would climb the hills proclaiming the <i>takbir</i> (<i>Allahu Akbar</i>) and the <i>tahlil</i> (<i>La ilah illallah</i>) and would glorify Allah when coming back down<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33">[33]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He did not abandon his remembrance of
Allah even whilst fighting against the enemy. After describing how to
perform the prayer in congregation, Allah says in the Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘When you have finished salat
remember Allah standing, sitting and lying on your sides. When you are
safe again do salat in the normal way. The salat is prescribed for the
believers at specific times’</b> (Nisa, 4:103).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In another verse, Almighty Allah
commands the believers to rush to remember Allah when the Friday call to
prayer is read, and to leave all trade. Immediately after that He
describes the duties of the believers after the prayer as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Then when the salat is finished
spread through the earth and seek Allah’s bounty and remember Allah
much so that hopefully you will be successful.’</b>(Jumu’a, 62:10).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">At every opportunity the Messenger of
Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would encourage his family and
his Companions to perform their night worship and to <i>dhikr</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One night the Messenger of Allah awoke in fear and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Subhanallah! Tonight many trials
have been sent down and many treasuries have been opened. Awake o owners
of the cell (here he is indicating his wives). There are many clothed
women in this world who are considered naked in the hereafter.” (</i>Bukhari, Ilm 40, Fitan 6).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ubayy ibn Ka’b </b>(may Allah be pleased with him) narrates<b>: </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“After two thirds of the night had passed the Messenger of Allah would wake and say:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O people! Remember Allah. The
trumpet (sur) that will unsettle the earth is near. It will be followed
by the second one. Death has come in all its intensity. Death has come
in all its intensity…” </i>(Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 23/2457).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates that the Messenger of Allah would wake for the night prayer and say ten times: <b> </b></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ ، اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ ، سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ وَبِحَمْدِه۪ ، سُبْحَانَ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ ،<br />
اَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ ، لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“<i>Allahu Akbar, Alhamdulillahi Subhanallahi wa bihamdihi, subhan al-malik al-quddus, astaghfirullah, la ilaha illallah”</i>. Then he would say ten times:</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنّ۪ى أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ ضِيقِ الدُّنْيَا وَضِيقِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the constriction and distress of the Day of Judgement”</i> (Abu Dawud, Adab, 101/5085).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Constant dhikr</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah presents the Messenger of Allah to us as the most perfect example of remembering Allah much<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34">[34]</a>.
He was in a state of remembrance of Allah in every circumstance – in
fear, in hope, in distress, in ease, whilst resting, whilst working,
whilst walking, whilst stopping, at night and during the day. He also
advised his Companions and his community to do the same.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Muadh ibn Jabal</b> (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I once said to the Messenger of Allah: “O Messenger of Allah. Give me some advice”. He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Have </i>taqwa<i> of Allah to
the best of your ability. Remember Allah near every stone and every
tree. Repent for any sins that you commit, openly for those done openly
and in secret for those sins done in secret.”</i> (Haysami, X, 74).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) once again advised us to carry out our every task
by mentioning His Name:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“…Lock your door and mention the
Name of Allah. Put out your lamp and mention the Name of Allah. Cover
your water vessels and mention the Name of Allah, even if you have to
improvise something across them” </i>(Bukhari, Badu’ al-khalq, 11).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Blessed Companions put this advice
into practice with great passion and eagerness and arrived at such a
state that, in the words of Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased
with him), they were able to hear the glorification of Allah made by the
food they ate<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35">[35]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Communal dhikr</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even though remembering Allah while alone and in secret is more acceptable, from time to time it is also quite virtuous to make <i>dhikr</i> of Allah loudly whilst in a gathering.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“There are a class of Allah’s angels that they travel around seeking people of </i>dhikr<i>. When they find a community performing dhikr of Allah they cry out to each other: </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Come, here is what you have been looking for. The angels then come and envelop the people of </i>dhikr<i> with their wings until they reach the heavens…” </i>(Bukhari, Dawat, 66).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased him) and Abu Said al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>both bore witness that the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Whenever a gathering sits to
remember Allah, the angels surround them, divine mercy envelops them,
and a tranquillity descends upon them and Allah Most High mentions them
in a gathering of His superior slaves (the prophets and the great
angels).” </i>(Muslim, Dhikr, 39).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day the Messenger of Allah approached a group of his Companions who were sitting in a circle. He asked them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Why are you sitting here?” </i>They replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We are sitting here to remember Allah and thank Him for bestowing Islam upon us thereby favouring us”. The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Speak the truth in the name of Allah. Did you really sit here to remember Allah?” </i>They replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Yes, by Allah this is why we have gathered here”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger then said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I did not make you swear by Allah
because I did not believe you. But Gabriel came to me and told me that
Allah, Most High, informed His angels that He was proud of you and that
is why I said this.”</i> (Muslim, Dhikr, 40; Ibn Abi Shaybah, <i>Musannaf,</i> VI, 59; Compare Ahmad, III, 265).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On another day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) described the virtues of assemblies of <i>dhikr</i>:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When you stop by the gardens of Paradise make sure you benefit from them properly.” </i>His Companions asked him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“What do you mean by the gardens of Paradise o Messenger of Allah?” He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The assemblies of </i>dhikr.<i>” </i>(Tirmidhi, Dawat, 82/3510).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Shaddad ibn Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time I was with Allah’s Messenger and he asked us:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Is there any foreigner amongst you?” </i>By foreigner he meant a person from the people of the Book.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">We replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“No, there is not o Messenger of Allah”. He then ordered us to close the doors and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Raise your hands and say: </i>لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ <i>, La ilaha illallah</i>”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">We raised our hands and made <i>dhikr</i> like that for a period.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After that Allah’s Messenger put his hands down and prayed as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Alhamdulillah. O Allah. You sent me
with this ‘statement. You commanded me to utter it and act as it
requires. You promised me Paradise in reward for it. And You never turn
back on Your promise”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Later Allah’s Messenger said to his Companions:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Good news for you. Indeed Allah has forgiven you.” </i> (Ahmad, IV, 124).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) once went to Abdullah ibn Rawaha (may Allah be
pleased with him). He was talking with his friends and performing <i>dhikr</i> with them. The Messenger of Allah said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“You are such select people that
Almighty Allah ordered me to be with you and to be patient with you in
the face of difficulties”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then recited the following verse:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Restrain yourself patiently
with those who call on their Lord morning and evening, desiring His
face. Do not turn your eyes from them, desiring the attractions of this
world. And do not obey someone whose heart We have made neglectful of
Our remembrance and who follows his own whims and desires and whose life
has transgressed all bounds’ </b>(Kahf, 18:28).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Then the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) continued:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Know that if a number of people
gather to remember Allah, then the same number of angels sit next to
them. If they glorify Allah, the angels glorify Allah; if they praise
Allah, the angels also praise Allah; if they declare the takbir, the
angels also declare the takbir. Then the angels enter the presence of
Allah and even though Allah knows about the event more than they do,
they tell Him: </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Lord. Your servants glorified You
and we too glorified You; they declared the takbir and we too declared
the takbir; they praised You and we too praised You”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Almighty Allah says: </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O my angels, Bear witness that I have forgiven them”. The angels say: </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Lord. There are such and such people amongst them who have made many mistakes and who have come with other intentions”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Almighty Allah will say: </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“They are such a gathering that those who sit with them cannot be bad.” </i>(Haysami, X, 76; Abu Nuaym, <i>Hilyah, </i>V, 118).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In that case let us stop and think: Where are we in this <i>dhikr</i>? How close does our <i>dhikr</i>
come to that of Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and
his Companions (may Allah be pleased with him)? Let us never forget
that <i>dhikr</i> for the heart is like water to the fish. If the fish is removed from the water what will become of it?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ibn Qayyim al Jawzi </b>has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“<i>Dhikr</i> gives the <i>dhakir</i> (the one who performs <i>dhikr</i>) such strength that a person can easily perform tasks that he never thought possible before”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36">[36]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Recitation of the Holy Qur’an</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the greatest forms of <i>dhikr</i> is recitation of the Holy Qur’an. <b>Hakim al-Tirmidhi </b>has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“To remember Allah Most High with His own words is better than remembering Him with our own”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37">[37]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sufyan Sawri </b>has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The Holy Qur’an has a great light which is worthy of the glory of Allah, who speaks it”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38">[38]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The believer will benefit from the Qur’an even if he does not understand the meaning. One of the great scholars has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“A person takes some medicine, but they
do not know what they are taking and yet the medicine takes effect. The
Holy Qur’an also impacts in this way. Every letter of the Qur’an is like
a mountain that falls upon the body of the human being (his existence
and his self) and it eliminates that body and wipes away all traces of
human defects (that is, it elevates him spiritually). The light of the
Qur’an unites with the light of the believer’s heart and the human body
[physical nature] is eliminated (no claim to existence and self will
remain)”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39">[39]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) would recite the Qur’an properly, reflect much on
its meanings and immediately abide by its commands. He would recite it
with his heart, feeling it and experiencing it. When reading, if he
came to a verse about glorification of Allah, he would absolve Allah of
any faults by saying “<i>Subhanallah</i>” or such similar statements.
When he came to verses about supplication he would supplicate to Allah.
Whenever he read a verse about seeking refuge in Allah he would
immediately seek refuge in Allah<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40">[40]</a>. Sometimes he would repeat a single verse over and over again until the morning<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41">[41]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) would regularly read the Qur’an every day. He
would divide the Qur’an up into seven parts and complete an entire
reading (<i>hatim</i>) in one week. His Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would do the same<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42">[42]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The recitation of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was very clear, and he would read each letter with <i>tartil</i>, that is with care and reflection. He would also recite in accordance with the rules of <i>tajweed</i><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43">[43]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When we look at the life of the
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we see that he
read the Qur’an at every opportunity. When teaching people about Islam
and talking with his Companions he would recite from the Qur’an. When
explaining a particular matter he would read any related verses and he
would recite at length from the Qur’an during his night worship.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He would read the Qur’an during a
journey. Suraqa (may Allah be pleased with him), who followed the
Messenger as he was migrating from Mecca said that he was so close that
he could hear the recitation of the prophet<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44">[44]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet would give more importance
to the Qur’an in the month of Ramadan in particular. He would recite the
entire Qur’an every night of this month with his friend Gabriel. In the
Ramadan before his demise, they completed this entire recitation twice<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45">[45]</a>.The Messenger of Allah would also carry out this recitation with some of his Companions<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46">[46]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Just as the Messenger of Allah loved to
read the Qur’an, he also received a certain pleasure from listening to
it being recited by others.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abdullah ibn Mas’ud </b>(may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:<b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day the Messenger of Allah said to me:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Would you recite the Qur’an to me?” </i>I replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. How can I recite the Qur’an to you when it has been revealed to you?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I love to listen to the Qur’an from others”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I then began to recite from the chapter Nisa. When I came to the 41st verse which was:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘How will it be when We bring a witness from every nation and bring you as a witness against them?’ (</b>Nisa, 4:41)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “That is enough for now”</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I looked to see that there were tears falling from his blessed eyes (Bukhari, Tafsir, 4/9; Muslim, Musafirin, 247).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Companions were also occupied with
the Qur’an in times of both peace and battle. The following words of the
prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) are a beautiful proof of
this:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “I know well the sound of the
soft-hearted Ansari people when they enter (their homes) by night
reciting the Qur’an. Even if I have not seen where they have stopped
over during the day (during a battle), I can easily identify where they
are by the sounds of their recitation of the Qur’an by night… </i>(Bukhari, Maghazi, 38).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The contemplation of the Messenger of Allah</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Even before the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) was given the duty of prophethood he
liked silence and contemplation (<i>tafakkur</i>). When the time of
his prophethood was near he became even more eager for privacy and
seclusion. He would go to the cave of Hira, about 5km out of Mecca, and
spend days there. His worship during these retreats would be to
contemplate, to take lessons from the realms of the heavens and the
earth, like his forefather Ibrahim, and to watch the Ka’bah<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47">[47]</a>. In this way Almighty Allah prepared him for the sacred duty that was to follow.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> During that time he would ponder deeply
on the universe and its Creator and in his later life he would always
be in a state of contemplation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Hind ibn Abi Hale (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates<b>: </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…The prophet would always look straight
ahead. His glance down lasted longer than his glance up. He looked at
everything with the aim of taking a lesson… He was in a constant state
of sorrow and contemplation. Ease was not an issue for him. He did not
speak unless there was a need. He preferred to remain silent…”
(Tabarani, <i>Kabir,</i> XXII, 155; Bayhaqi, <i>Shuab,</i> III, 24; Ibn Sa’d, I, 422-423).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet himself said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“My Lord commanded that my silence be contemplation” </i>(Jazari, <i>Jamiu al-Usul,</i> XI, 687/9317; Qudai, <i>Shihab,</i> no: 1159).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ata</b>, from the Tabieen, narrates the following scene which describes the gentleness of the heart of the Messenger and his degree of <i>tafakkur</i>:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I once asked<b> Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her):</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Can you tell me the most amazing state you saw of the Messenger of Allah?” She replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Which of his states was not amazing?” She then continued:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One night after coming to me the Messenger of Allah said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Aisha! If you allow me I would like to spend this night worshipping my Lord”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“By Allah, I love to be with you. However I love that which pleases you more”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then rose, took his ablutions and
stood to pray. He began to cry… He wept so much that his dress, his
blessed beard and the place where he prostrated were saturated. While he
was in that state, Bilal came to call him for the dawn prayer. When he
saw the prophet crying he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. Why do you weep when Allah, Most High, has forgiven you your past and future sins?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Shall I not be a grateful slave? By
Allah this night some verses were revealed to me that woe be to those
who do not read and reflect upon them”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then recited the following verses:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b><b>‘In the
creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and
day, there are Signs for people with intelligence: those who remember
Allah, standing, sitting and lying on their sides, and reflect on the
creation of the heavens and the earth: ‘Our Lord, You have not created
this for nothing. Glory be to You! So safeguard us from the punishment
of the Fire’ (</b>Al’i Imran, 3:190-191)” (Ibn Hibban, <i>Sahih,</i> II, 386; Alusi, <i>Ruh al-Maani, </i>IV, 157).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On the night that these verses were
revealed the Messenger of Allah cried until the morning with tears of
pearl that would have make the stars feel envious. In the same way the
tears of the believers when they contemplate on the manifestations of
Divine power and majesty will be, by the grace of Allah, the adornment
of these fleeting nights, and the light of the dark graves, and by the
will of Allah drops of dew in the gardens of Paradise.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>sent his 10 year old son to his aunt Maymuna, the wife of the prophet, to learn about the tahajjud prayer of the prophet. <b>Ibn Abbas</b> (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates the rest of the story:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“At night I stayed in the room of my
aunt Maymuna. The Messenger of Allah chatted with his family for a short
time and then retreated to rest. When it was the last third of the
night he woke up, and for a short period watched and reflected upon the
heavens. He then recited the 190th verse of the chapter Al’i Imran…”
(Bukhari, Tafsir, 3/17, 18; Tawheed, 27).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The following is from another narration:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…After a half of the night had passed
or just before or just after, the Messenger of Allah awoke. He sat and
wiped away the sleep from his face with his hands. He then recited the
last ten verses of Al’i Imran. He then rose and turned to his water urn
to take his ablution…” (Bukhari, Tafsir, 3/19; Ahmad, I, 242).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The fact that the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses regarding <i>tafakkur</i> when he rose for the tahajjud prayer indicates that the most fruitful time for contemplation is the pre-dawn.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger and his Companions would read the Qur’an and ponder on its wisdom and the details of its meanings<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48">[48]</a>. Sometimes he would focus on one verse until the morning and supplicate and entreat Allah<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49">[49]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Said al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him):</b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One time one Companion heard another Companion recite the chapter <i>Ikhlas</i>
until the morning. When it was morning he went to the Messenger of
Allah and told him. It was as if he considered this short verse too
little to be read the entire night. The prophet however said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I swear by the Being who holds my soul in His hand of power that this chapter is equal to one third of the Qur’an”</i> (Bukhari, Ayman, 3. Cf Bukhari, Adhan 106, Tawheed 1).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Contemplation of death (Tafakkur al-mawt)</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) never forgot the fleeting nature of this world. He said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“This world in relation to the
hereafter is like as if one of you dipped his finger into the ocean. Let
him look and see how much water is left on his finger.”</i> (Muslim, Jannah, 55).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:<b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time the Messenger of Allah (peace
and blessings be upon him) had lied down to sleep on a straw mat. When
he woke, the straw had made marks on the side of his blessed body. We
said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. Let us get you a mattress” The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“What have I to do with this world? I
am like a traveller who stops to take shade under a tree and then
remounts his horse and moves on.” </i>(Tirmidhi, Zuhd, 44/2377).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bara (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We were once with the Messenger of
Allah at a funeral service. The Messenger of Allah sat by the side of
the grave and began to weep so much so that the earth became wet from
his tears. He then said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O my brothers, Prepare well for this death (that will befall us all.)” </i>(Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 19).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another time, the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) encouraged his community to
contemplate upon death saying:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Make much remembrance of death.
Doing so will cleanse a person of their sins, and make one abstain from
the world. If you ponder on death when you are wealthy, you will be
protected from the dangers of wealth. If you ponder on death when you
are poor, you will be content with your life”</i> (Suyuti,<i> Jamiu al-Saghir, </i>I, 47).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Remember death and remember the
rotting of the corpse and the bones! The one who desires the afterlife
will abandon the embellishments of this world.” </i>(Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 24).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“…Allah loves the one who remembers death often </i>(Haysami, X, 325).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time a Companion asked the Messenger of Allah:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>“Who is the most intelligent of the believers?”</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The one who remembers death the most and prepares for what is to come after. These are the truly intelligent people” </i>(Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 31).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is why by assigning a portion of
the day to reflecting upon death, the masters of tasawwuf gain a certain
spiritual vitality. The vigour and enthusiasm they receive from this
contemplation cautions them from wrong and futile tasks, and encourages
them to perform beneficial and righteous deeds.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The best means for a person to remember
death is visiting the graves. The Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “I forbade you to visit the graves. But now you may visit them because visiting the graves reminds one of the hereafter.” </i>(Tirmidhi, Janaiz, 60; Muslim, Janaiz, 106).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger would frequently visit
his Companions in the cemetery of Baqi and the graves of the martyrs of
Uhud. According to the words of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her),
the prophet would go to the Baqi cemetery during the last part of the
nights that he was with her, and greet and pray for those there<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50">[50]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In fact one night the angel Gabriel came to the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Your Lord commands you to go the people of Baqi and ask for them to be forgiven”. </i>The prophet immediately abided by this command and went to visit the cemetery of Baqi. (Muslim, Janaiz, 103).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abdullah ibn Abi Farwa (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“The prophet went to visit the martyrs at Uhud and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Allah. Your servant and Your
prophet bears witness that these are true martyrs. Whoever visits these
martyrs and greets them they too will respond to their greeting until
the end of time.” </i>(Hakim, III, 31/4320).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Imam Sha’bi, one of the great Tabi’een said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Whenever one of his close friends from the Ansar passed away, he would visit their grave often and recite Qur’an”<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51">[51]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">❁</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">We must make special mention that
constancy and continuity were the essence of the prophet’s worship. He
loved those acts of worship that were done consistently however few they
may have been:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The most beloved of deeds to Allah, Most High, are those that are done consistently even though they may be little.” </i>(Muslim, Musafirin, 218; Ahmad, VI, 61).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The worship of the prophet Muhammad
(peace and blessings be upon him) brought harmony to every part of his
life. When we look at his acts of worship we see that it was as if he
had done nothing else in his life, as if he was only occupied with
worship. Moreover, when we look at his serving others, we can get the
impression that he did not find time to worship. However just as the
prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) carried out his worldly
service in the most perfect way, so too did he perform his worship in
the best way.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He taught the religion of Allah to
people in the face of great difficulties, he explained with his words
and his actions the parts of the revelation that needed explanation, he
continued to worship day and night with the greatest care, he spent time
with his family, he was sympathetic to the poor and needy, he was the
most perfect guide for his community, he established a powerful and
sound state, he invited kings to Islam by sending them envoys, he
accepted envoys and was hospitable to them, he managed and dispatched
armies, he struggled selflessly to lift the obstacles that lay in the
way of spreading the religion of Allah…</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That is, Allah’s Messenger (peace and
blessings be upon him) carried out his own personal daily duties without
fault, weighty in themselves and which none else could have succeeded
at, and also worshipped and served Allah in a better way than those who
retreat to the hills to devote themselves to Allah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As a result of this he was able to
display the most praiseworthy of character with traits such as mercy,
kindness, forgiveness, clemency, humility, generosity and serving
others. The examples of the prophet’s beautiful character are endless<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52">[52]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The zuhd of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah had perceived, to
the greatest degree, the fleeting nature of this world, and that the
true life was that of the hereafter. Whether it was in the building of
the Masjid an-Nabi, or at other difficult and distressing times such as
the digging of the trench and battle, or in times of happiness such as
the conquest of Mecca and the Greater Hajj, he sought refuge in Allah
with the same words:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “O Allah! The real life is only the life of the hereafter”</i><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53">[53]</a><i>.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That is, at every moment and in every
situation, he stayed away from the pleasures and delights of this world
and was always struggling to build his hereafter.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One time I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He took me by the hand and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Abu Dharr! If the mountain of
Uhud were made of gold and silver, I would spend all of it in the way of
Allah and would not want even one qirat</i><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54">[54]</a><i>of it with me on the day I die”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. You would not keep one <i>qirat</i> or one <i>kantar</i>?” He replied: <i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Abu Dharr. I am reducing it and
you are making it more. I want the hereafter and you ask me about the
world. I would not leave one qirat, one qirat, one qirat”</i> (Haysami, X, 239).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Muwayhiba (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One day the Messenger of Allah said to me:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“I have been commanded to seek forgiveness for the deceased in the Baqi cemetery. Come with me”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I went with him in the middle of the night. He stood by those lying in their graves and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Salamu alaykum, o people of the
graves! Let the state that you are in please you more than that of those
who are still living. Dissensions come like waves of darkest night, the
one following hard upon the other, each more worse than the last”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i>The Messenger of Allah then turned to me and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Abu Muwayhiba! Indeed I have been
given the choice between being given the key to the treasures of this
world and staying here forever, or going to Paradise. I have been left
free to choose between these or returning to my Lord”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I immediately said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“May my mother and father be sacrificed
for you o Messenger of Allah. Could you not have chosen the keys to the
treasures of this world and remaining here and then entering Paradise?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“No, by Allah o Abu Muwayhiba. I chose to return to my Lord”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He then sought forgiveness for the
believers in the Baqi cemetery and went back home. After that the
illness and pain that would lead to his demise began. (Darimi,
Muqaddimah, 14; Ahmad, III, 489, 488; Hakim, III, 57/4383).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is because the prophet Muhammad
(peace and blessings be upon him) always preferred the hereafter; he did
not give any importance to worldly property or wealth. He saw wealth
and property as being capital for the hereafter and to spend in the way
of Allah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Some goods came to the prophet from Bahrain. Allah’s Messenger ordered me:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Take them to the masjid and stack them up”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The amount of these goods was the most
that had ever been brought to the prophet (peace and blessings be upon
him) until that time. The prophet went to pray and did not even glance
at the goods. When his prayer was finished he came and sat next to them.
He gave out from those goods to whomever he saw… He left there having
given out everything until there was not even a single dirham left”
(Bukhari, Salat 42, Jizya 4, Jihad 172).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is because he perceived this world,
in comparison to the hereafter, to be a stopover on a traveller’s
journey; the blessed house of the Messenger of Allah (peace and
blessings be upon him) was also very humble. There was practically no
furniture and he used to rest upon a straw mat.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time when Umar (may Allah be pleased
with him) saw the marks on the body of the Messenger of Allah (peace
and blessings be upon him) from sleeping on this mat he began to weep
and the Messenger of Allah asked him:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Why are you weeping?” </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. We all know how and where the Chosroes and Caesar sleep. But you are the Messenger of Allah!”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Are you not content that they have the world but the hereafter is yours” (</i>Muslim, Talaq, 31).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After this event Allah Most High revealed the following verse describing Paradise:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“</b><b>And wherever you have a look therein, you will see unimaginable delight and a great kingdom” </b>(Insan, 76:20) (Suyuti, Lubab al-Nuqul, Beirut 1426, p 252).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah’s house was also
very small. Hasan Basri, who was the son of the maidservant of Umm
Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), spent his childhood in the
blessed house of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon
him), and said that when he was small he could touch the roof of his
room<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55">[55]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the great leaders of the Tabi’een, Said ibn Musayyab said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>“By Allah I would have so
much wanted that these rooms not be destroyed and remain as they are. In
this way the new generations and those who visit these places could see
with how little the Messenger of Allah was content with and how he did
not compete to increase his wealth nor to boast about it” (</i></b>Ibn Sa‘d, I, 499-500).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The items used by the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) and the clothes he wore were also
just enough for him to get by with. He did not keep anything with him
that was beyond his need, and would immediately give it away.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Qayla bint Mahrama</b> (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“When I saw the Messenger of Allah he
was wearing a garment made of two pieces of material which looked like
sheets, It had been dyed with saffron and the colour had begun to fade”
(Tirmidhi, Adab, 50).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">According to a statement by Aisha (may
Allah be pleased with her), on his demise, the prophet was wearing a
garment made of two pieces, one of which was patched and the other which
was very harsh (Muslim, Libas, 35; Tirmidhi, Libas, 10).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In terms of eating and drinking also the
Messenger of Allah was very abstaining. Aisha (may Allah be pleased
with her) once said to her sister’s son Urwa:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“We would see one crescent, then the
next, and then another, that is we would see three crescents in two
months, and yet there would be no fire lit (to cook a meal) in the house
of the Messenger of Allah”. He said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“My dear aunt! How did you get by then?” Aisha replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“With two black (things), that is dates
and water. However the Messenger of Allah had some neighbours from the
Ansar who had some milk producing animals. From time to time they would
bring some milk from these animals to the Messenger of Allah and we
would drink that” (Bukhari, Hiba 1, Riqaq 17; Muslim, Zuhd 28).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah’s Messenger also had his family live a life of abstinence. Sawban (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> “Whenever the Messenger of Allah set
out on a journey the last thing he would do was to give his farewells to
his daughter Fatima. When he returned the first person he would stop by
to see was also Fatima. One time the Messenger of Allah was again
returning from a journey. Fatima had hung a curtain over her door and
had also given her sons Hasan and Hussain two bangles of silver. The
prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Fatima’s
house but he did not enter. Fatima realised that the reason why he did
not enter was because of what he saw. She immediately removed the
(decorative) curtain and the bangles from the wrists of her
children…Hasan and Hussain went to the Messenger of Allah weeping.
Allah’s Messenger gave their bangles to me and said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “O Sawban! Take these bangles to such and such family. Undoubtedly these grandsons of mine are from my </i>ahl al-bayt<i>.
I do not want them to consume the beautiful things that Allah will
bestow on them in Paradise. O Sawban. Purchase for Fatima a necklace
made of bone and two bangles of bone for my grandsons” </i>(Abu Dawud, Tarajjul, 21/4213).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is how humble the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his children. This was Fatima, the mother of the <i>ahl al-bayt</i> and the mother of those in the Golden Chain that is Abdulqadir Gaylani, Shah Naqshiband, Ahmad Rufai and many other <i>awliya</i>, <i>asfiya</i>, <i>abrar</i> and <i>muqarrabin</i>. She would also be, with the life of purity that she led, the model for all of the women in our community.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The zuhd of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upom him) </b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah would constantly
remind his Companions of the hereafter and advise them to prepare for
it. Hanzala (may Allah be pleased with him), one of the scribes of the
revelation, narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) saw me (crying) and asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> “What is the matter o Hanzala?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I replied in great sorrow and anxiety:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Hanzala has become a hypocrite”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Subhanallah! What are you saying?” he said. I responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“When we are with the Messenger of Allah
we are in such a state that when he reminds us and advises us about
Paradise and Hell it is as if we can see Allah Almighty and Paradise and
Hell with our own eyes. But when we leave his presence and delve into
our worldly affairs and our wives and children, we lose most of what we
felt and forget the advice of our prophet”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“By Allah, this happens to me too”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Then they both rose and went to the
Messenger of Allah and told him the situation. The prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him) said to them:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “I swear by Allah who holds my life
in His Hand of Power that if you were able to maintain the state you
are in when you are with me or be in a constant state of remembrance,
then the angels would come and shake your hands and congratulate you
while you were in your beds or walking (that is day and night)”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(He then repeated three times):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Hanzala! Sometimes like this and sometimes like that” </i>(Muslim, Tawbah, 12-13)<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56">[56]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As can be understood by this narration
the believer should strive to remember his Lord always and to protect
himself from heedlessness to the best of his ability.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“One time we complained to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah. What is wrong
with us that whenever we are with you, our hearts soften, we abstain
from the world, and we become people of the hereafter. But when we leave
you, and mix with our families and smell (the scent of) our children
our state changes. We cannot believe the state we enter and how we can
change so much”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“If when you part from me you were
able to maintain the state you are in while with me, the angels would
visit you in your homes…” (</i>Tirmidhi, Jannah, 2/2526).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Another piece of advice that the
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave to his
community in order to make it easy for them to live in a climate of <i>zuhd</i> is as follows:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Look at the living conditions of
those worse off than you and do not look at those better off than you.
This is a more befitting act for you in order that you do not belittle
the favours that Allah has bestowed upon you” </i>(Muslim, Zuhd, 9).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“…Whoever looks at those who are
above them in religious matters and follows them and looks at those who
are worse off than them in worldly matters and praises Allah for the
bounties He has given him, Allah will write him down as being grateful
and patient…” </i> (Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 58/2512).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The lifestyle of the prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him): and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with
them) teaches us this:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A Muslim should earn his worldly
livelihood, spend of it as is enough for him without being extravagant,
and give out what is left after his needs have been met, thus striving
to gain the pleasure of Allah. All of creation should benefit from his
hand, his tongue and his heart.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is a good thing for the Muslims to be
wealthy as long as they have the above realisation. To have great
wealth and property is not inconsistent with <i>zuhd</i> and <i>taqwa</i>
as long as the heart does not become attached to this wealth and one
does not waste it. Likewise a small amount of wealth whose love has
entered the heart and which has become one’s idol is incompatible with <i>zuhd</i> and <i>taqwa</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>The taqwa of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Taqwa is:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">– To protect oneself from everything that distances one from Allah,</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">– To dull the desires of one’s <i>nafs</i> and to develop one’s spiritual potential,</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">– To apply the teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah with meticulous care to every aspect of one’s life,</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">– To train one’s inner world, and to
carry out the religious rulings, interactions with others, and worship
with great love, striving, sacrifice and passion.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">– To be with Almighty Allah in one’s
heart, and to have manifest in one’s heart beautiful traits such as
kindness, compassion, generosity and forgiveness.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One can only attain these beautiful
traits by loving Allah, Most High, as He is worthy of being loved and
having a strong fear of losing His love or pleasure.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah says in the Holy Qur’an:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“…</b><b>The noblest among you in Allah’s sight is the one with the most <i>taqwa</i></b>… (Hujurat, 49:13).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“…<b>Allah is the Protector of those who have <i>taqwa</i>“</b> (Jathiyya, 45:19).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>“…(O believers) </b><b>Take provision; but the best provision is <i>taqwa</i> of Allah. So have <i>taqwa</i> of Me, people of intelligence!”</b> (Baqara, 2:197).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is reported in a hadith:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Fear of Allah is the beginning of
all wisdom; and being wary of things which may lead to sin (wara’) is
the master of all deeds” </i>(Abu Nuaym, <i>Hilya</i>, II, 387).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“In the sight of Allah, the most pleasing of His servants is the one who has taqwa and does not make himself known (for it)” </i>(Hakim, III, 303. See Ibn Majah, Fitan, 16).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Those who are closest to me are those who, whoever and wherever they are, they are the </i>muttaqi,<i> who have </i>taqwa<i> of Allah” </i>(Ahmad, V, 235; Haysami, IX, 22).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray often:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “O Allah! I ask You for guidance, taqwa, chastity and wealth of the soul” </i>(Muslim, Dhikr, 72).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It was also very rare for him to leave an assembly without having made the following prayer:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“O Allah! Give us a fear of You that will come between us and our sins and stop us from committing them” </i>(Tirmidhi, Deawat, 79)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) made the following statement:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I see what you do not see and I
hear what you do not hear. The heavens are splitting. This is its right
for there is no empty space of four fingers width where there is not an
angel who bows down his forehead to Allah in prostration. By Allah if
you knew what I know you would laugh little and weep much. You would not
be able to occupy yourselves with your wives and you would take to the
streets and ask for help for Allah with loud voices”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) who narrated this hadith said out of fear of Allah:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“How much I would have wished to be a piece of chopped wood.” (Tirmidhi, Zuhd, 9/2312).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Due to his fear of Allah, the Messenger
of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would even treat his enemies
with great sensitivity and would flee from showing even the slightest
amount of injustice. For this reason he would more often than not choose
the path of forgiveness. The following event is a good example of this:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Suhayl ibn Amr</b>, was the
orator of the Quraysh. At a time when speech had great influence, he
would constantly speak out against Islam and provoke the people. This
man was captured during the Battle of Badr. Umar (may Allah be pleased
with him) said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“O Messenger of Allah! Allow me to rip
out Suhayl’s front teeth so that his tongue hangs out. Then he can no
longer speak against you or Islam anywhere at any time”.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">However Allah’s Messenger responded:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Leave him be o Umar! I cannot harm
him in this way. If I were to do such a thing Allah, Most High, would do
the same to me, even though I am a prophet. Do not be hasty. The day
may come when he will make a speech that will please you and make you
praise him</i> (Ibn Hisham, II, 293).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In truth, this miracle of the prophet
(peace and blessings be upon him) came true and this man became Muslim
during the conquest of Mecca. Upon the death of the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him), when there were movements which
turning away from the religion, at a tumultuous time when Mecca was
being rocked, he gave a sermon which calmed the people and saved them
from the great loss of losing their faith. When Umar (may Allah be
pleased with him) heard these words of Suhayl he remembered the words of
the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and, with eyes filled
tears, he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i> “O Messenger of Allah! I bear witness once more that you are the Messenger of Allah”</i></b><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57">[57]</a><b><i>.</i></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One time the prophet’s eyes filled with tears due to his fear of Allah and he said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“My fear of Allah makes me weep for
He has sent me upon a path of righteousness which is finer and sharper
than a sword; if I deviate from it in the slightest, I will be ruined”</i> (Abu Nuaym, <i>Dalail</i>, I, 237).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In fact according to a narration by <b>Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>the Messenger of Allah (said that) when a particular person heard the following verse being recited ‘<b>With Us there are shackles and a Blazing Fire’</b><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58">[58]</a><b>, </b>that a person fell down and fainted (Ali al-Muttaqi, VII, 206/18644).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Allah’s Messenger </b>(peace
and blessings be upon him) feared having to be taken account on the Day
of Judgement that he even abandoned many lawful things from his daily
life.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“A glass was brought to the Messenger of
Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). In it was milk and honey.
Allah’s Messenger said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Two bounties within one drink and two </i>katik<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59">[59]</a><i>
within one drink. I do not need this. However I do not believe that it
is unlawful. Only I fear that on the Day of Judgement Almighty Allah
will take me to account for any extravagance in this world. I am humble
for the sake of Allah. Whoever is humble for the sake of Allah, Allah
will elevate him, and whoever is arrogant Allah will degrade him.
Whoever is frugal Allah will make him wealthy, and whoever remembers
death much, Allah Most High will love him”</i> (Haysami, X, 325).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give the following advice:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“A servant cannot reach the degree of a </i>muttaqi<i> without distancing himself, out of fear of committing a sin, from certain things that are not objectionable”</i> (Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 19/2451; Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 24).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i><i>“If a person swears an oath about a certain thing and then sees something which is more befitting of </i>taqwa<i>, let him break his oath and do the thing which is more in accord with </i>taqwa<i>” </i>(Muslim, Ayman, 15).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In short, a believer should carry out
his every act with the notion: “Is this act of mine in accordance with
the pleasure of Allah or will it draw his wrath (upon me)?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Above all else he should strive to possess the fear of Allah and <i>taqwa</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> It has been experienced over and over again that to try to learn other knowledge without first possessing knowledge of <i>taqwa</i> itself has dangerous consequences.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Let us add lastly that it is not possible for us to completely explain the worship, <i>dhikr</i> and <i>taqwa</i> of the Messenger of Allah nor it is possible to describe the depth and beauty within them.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">We have only tried to give a few
examples. When reading about these examples let us never forget the
following words of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him):</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Whenever you hear a hadith, a word
or a situation narrated to you, know that Allah’s Messenger is much
more superior and beyond what you hear in terms of guidance, salah
(goodness and virtue) and taqwa” </i>(Ahmad, I, 122).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i><b>Salawat u Sharif<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn60" name="_ftnref60">[60]</a> – The heart’s bond with the prophet</b></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>‘Allah and His angels call down
blessings on the Prophet. You who have faith! Call down blessings on him
and ask for complete peace and safety for him’ </b>(Ahzab, 33:56).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah and the angels, the
number of which nobody knows but Himself are constantly sending
blessings upon the prophet. In that case, we too should remember the
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at every moment of
our lives, submit to him wholly and invoke much peace and blessings upon
him.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ubayy ibn Ka’b (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I once asked the Messenger of Allah:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> “O Messenger of Allah. I invoke a great number of blessings upon you. How much should I do this?” He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“<i>As much as you wish”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“If I allocate a fourth of my prayer for invoking blessings upon you, is that appropriate?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> “Allocate as much as you wish. But if you can do more than that would be better for you”</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“In that case I will allocate half of my prayer” I said.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Do as much as you wish. But if you can do more than that would be better for you”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I asked once more:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Would two-thirds be enough?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“As much as you wish. But if you increase it, it will be better for you”. </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“In that case how would it be if I invoke peace and blessings upon you for my entire prayer?”</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“In that case, Allah, Most High,
will bestow upon you all of your desires in both this world and the next
and He will forgive you your sins”</i> (Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 23/2457; Hakim, II, 457/3578; Bayhaqi, <i>Shuab,</i> III, 85/1418; Abdurrazzaq, II, 214).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i> </i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>Salat u salam</i> is so important
that the Messenger of Allah himself invoked peace and blessings upon the
rank of prophethood. He did this in order to comply with the command of
Allah and to be an example to his community<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn61" name="_ftnref61">[61]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When a believer invokes peace and
blessings upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him),
he responds with an even better response<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn62" name="_ftnref62">[62]</a>.
This is enough of a reward for the believer, for the prayer of the
prophet is always acceptable in the sight of Allah and never is it
rejected.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“When a person sends peace and blessings upon me, Allah Most High returns my spirit to me so that I can return his salam” </i>(Abu Dawud, Manasiq, 96).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“I hear the one who sends blessings upon me by my graveand the blessings of the one who sends them to me from afar, reach me” </i>(Bayhaqi, <i>Shuab,</i> II, 215).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is a very virtuous act of worship to
be occupied with invoking peace and blessings upon the prophet (peace
and blessings be upon him) on Fridays in particular. <b>Abu Darda</b> (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One day the Messenger of Allah said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Invoke much </i>salawat<i> upon me on Fridays. That day is a day when the angels are present and witnessing</i><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn63" name="_ftnref63">[63]</a><i>.
Whoever sends blessings upon me on that day, will have them presented
to me. This will continue until he stops invoking blessings”.</i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I asked:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Even after you pass away?” The prophet replied:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“Yes even after I pass away. Allah,
Most High, has forbidden the earth to eat up the bodies of the prophets.
Allah’s Prophet is alive and is always provided for”</i> (Ibn Majah, Janaiz, 65. See Abu Dawud, Salat 201/1047, Witr 26).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“Whoever invokes blessings upon the
prophet one hundred times on a Friday will arrive on the place of
gathering on the Day of Judgement with a beautiful and radiant face.
People will look at him admiringly asking each other: “I wonder what
deed it was that this individual performed?” (Bayhaqi, <i>Shuabu al-Iman,</i> III, 212).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Invoking blessings and peace upon the
prophet is a sign of the degree of love felt for the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him). This results in closeness to him. It
is said in a hadith:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“The one closest to me on the Day of Judgement is the one who invoked much peace and blessings upon me” </i>(Tirmidhi, Witr, 21/484).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Allah, Most High, is pleased with those
who recite salutations and blessings, and bestows such great bounties
and favours upon them that are impossible to describe. Allah, Most High,
shows mercy ten times on the one who invokes peace and blessings upon
the prophet once<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn64" name="_ftnref64">[64]</a>, He wipes away ten of his mistakes, and raises his rank by ten degrees<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn65" name="_ftnref65">[65]</a>. The angel Gabriel also asks for forgiveness ten times for the one who invokes <i>salawat</i> once and for the one who sends <i>salam,</i> he sends <i>salam</i> ten times<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn66" name="_ftnref66">[66]</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almighty Allah cannot be pleased with
our remaining indifferent to His Beloved whom He sent as a mercy to all
the worlds. This is why those who are miserly when it comes to reciting <i>salat u salam</i> upon the prophet will lose their way to Paradise<a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftn67" name="_ftnref67">[67]</a>. Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><i>“If a gathering sits in an assembly
and does not remember Allah or invoke peace and blessings upon their
prophet then this is a great defect on their part and a cause for their
painful loss and regret. They will also be deserving of punishment by
Allah. If Allah Most High so wills He will punish them, or if He so
wills He will forgive them”</i> (Tirmidhi, Dawat, 8/3380).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) </b>has said:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">“To invoke peace and blessings upon the
prophet (with sincerity) will nullify sins quicker than water
extinguishes fire. To send greetings of peace to him (with love) is more
virtuous than freeing many slaves. To love the Messenger of Allah is
better than the essence of life itself and striking with a sword in the
way of Allah” (Hatib al-Baghdadi, <i>Tarihu Baghdad, </i>Beirut 1422, VIII, 39).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>. See Tirmidhi, Manaqib, 1/3616; Darimi, Muqaddima, 8; Ahmad, VI, 241; Haysami, IX, 29; Ali al Muttaqi, <i>Kanzu al Ummal,</i> XI, 406/31893.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>. Ibn Batta al-Uqbari, <i>a</i><i>l-Ibanat al-Kubra,</i> no: 99; Ibn Taymiyyah, <i>as-Sarimu al-Maslul,</i> Beirut 1417, I, 59.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>. Ibn Batta al-Uqbari, ibid, no: 100.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>. See Abdurrazaq,Musannaf, III, 183; Haysami, IX, 192.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>. See Ibn Majah, Taharah, 4; <i>Muwatta’</i>, Taharah, 36; Ahmad, V, 276, 282; Darimi, Taharah, 2.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><sup>[6]</sup></a>. See Tirmidhi, Taharah, 44/60; Abu Dawud, Taharah, 66/171.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><sup>[7]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Wudu’, 75; Muslim, Dhikr, 56.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><sup>[8]</sup></a>. See Abu Dawud, Jihad, 162/2774-2775; Ibn Majah, Salat, 192.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><sup>[9]</sup></a>. See Muslim, Dhikr, 83; Abu Dawud, Tatawwu’, 22/1319.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><sup>[10]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Kusuf, 2-4; Ibn Hibban, <i>Sahih,</i> VII, 68, 100. Ibn Abi Shayba,<i> Musannaf, </i>II, 220.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><sup>[11]</sup></a>.
See al Baqara, 45, 153; Al-i Imran, 41, 113; Hud, 114; Hijr, 98-99;
Isra, 78-79, 107; Maryam, 58; Anbiya, 130; Nur, 36; Furqan, 64; Shu’ara,
218-219; Sajda, 15-16; Sad, 17-19; Zumar, 9; Mu’min, 55; Fath, 29; Qaf,
39-40; Tur, 48-49; Insan, 26; Alaq, 19… Ibn Abbas says that where the
word <i>tasbih</i> ismentioned in the Holy Qur’an, it generally has the meanings of prayer (Tabari, <i>Tafsir,</i> XIX, 191, [Nur, 36]). In the Hadith, the word <i>tasbih</i> is seen to mean the supererogatory prayer. See Bukhari, Tahajjud, 5; Muslim, Hayd 71, Masajid, 26; Abu Dawud, Jihad, 44/2551…</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><sup>[12]</sup></a>. Abu Dawud, Salat, 156-157/904; Nasai, Sahw, 18.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><sup>[13]</sup></a>. <i>Musalla</i>
is the name given to a wide space allocated for the community to pray
together on Fridays, the eid prayer and the funeral prayer. In the
beginning there would be places like this arranged in the outskirts of
the cities for such congregational prayers and the eid and Friday
prayers would be performed in such places rather than in various mosques
as today. In this way the entire population of the city would get
together.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><sup>[14]</sup></a>. See Abu Dawud, Jihad, 44/2551.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><sup>[15]</sup></a>. See Muddathir, 3.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><sup>[16]</sup></a>According
to this hadith, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon
him) first recited Baqara, then from Nisa, then from Al’i Imran. This
reading is not in line with the present order of these chapters in the
Holy Qur’an of Baqara, Al’i Imran, then Nisa. Exponents of hadith
explain the wisdom in this in two ways: The first is that the final
order of the chapters had not been finalised at that time. The second is
that permission has been given to recite in this order.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><sup>[17]</sup></a>.
In actual fact, prophets do not knowingly commit sins. Their ‘mistakes’
are either in abandoning the better option or minor ‘slips’ called
‘zelle’. There are various reasons or wisdoms in this. Almighty Allah
does not allow these ‘slips’ to remain but immediately corrects them.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><sup>[18]</sup></a>. Muslim, Siyam, 204; Ibn Huzayma, <i>Sahih,</i> Beirut 1970, II, 52.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><sup>[19]</sup></a>. See Musli, Siyam, 204.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><sup>[20]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Sawm 47, 69, Anbiya 24; Muslim, Siyam, 113-133; Tirmidhi, Sawm, 48; Ahmad, I, 241.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><sup>[21]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Iydayn 11. In addition see Abu Dawud, Sawm, 61; Tirmidhi, Sawm, 52; Ibn Maja, Siyam, 39.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><sup>[22]</sup></a>. See Muslim, Siyam, 172-173, 176.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><sup>[23]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Sawm, 48.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><sup>[24]</sup></a>. See Abu Dawud, Adahi, 3-4/2792; Tirmidhi, Adahi, 20/1521; Ibn Maja, Adahi, 1; Ibn Sa’d, I, 249.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><sup>[25]</sup></a>. See Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 33/2470.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><sup>[26]</sup></a>. See Abu Nuaym, <i>Hilya,</i> IV, 81. In addition, see Haysami, III, 110, 111; Ali al Muttaqi, VI, 377/16134.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><sup>[27]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Maghazi 29, Manaqib 25; Muslim, Ashriba, 141-143; Tirmidhi, Zuhd, 39; Waqidi, II, 452.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><sup>[28]</sup></a>. See Abu Dawud, Kharaj, 33-35/3055; Ibn Hibban, <i>Sahih,</i> XIV, 262-264; Haysami, X, 242.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><sup>[29]</sup></a>. Haysami, VII, 47; Mubarakfuri, <i>Tuhfatu al Ahwazi,</i> II, 473-474; Ibn Hajar, <i>Telhisu al Habir,</i> IV, 206.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><sup>[30]</sup></a>. See Tirmidhi Dawat, 88/3521.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><sup>[31]</sup></a>. Abdulhamid ibn Muhammad Ali, <i>az Zahairu al Qudsiyya fiy Ziyarati Hayri al Beriyya, </i>Beirut 1428<i>,</i> p. 192.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32">[32]</a> <i>karahat</i>
are the disliked times of prayer, for instance it is discouraged to
pray right after the sun has risen, just before noon, when the sun is at
its peak, and right before sunset (Translator’s note).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><sup>[33]</sup></a>. Bukhari, Jihad, 131-132; Muslim, Dhikr, 44-46; Ahmad, III, 333.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><sup>[34]</sup></a>. See Ahzab, 33:21.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><sup>[35]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Manaqib, 25.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><sup>[36]</sup></a>. <i>al-Wabilu al-Sayyib p</i> 61. Fayda.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><sup>[37]</sup></a>. Muhammad Parsa, <i>The talks of Muhammad Bahauddin, p</i>. 59.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><sup>[38]</sup></a>. Muhammad Parsa, <i>ibid,</i> p. 59.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><sup>[39]</sup></a>. Muhammad Parsa, <i>ibid, p</i>. 60.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><sup>[40]</sup></a>. See Muslim, Musafirin, 203; Nasai, Qiyamu al layl, 25.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><sup>[41]</sup></a>. See Nasai, Iftitah, 79; Ahmad, V, 156.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><sup>[42]</sup></a>. See Muslim, Musafirin, 142; Ahmad, IV, 9; Ibn Maja, Salat, 178.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><sup>[43]</sup></a>. See Tirmidhi, Fadail al Qur’an, 23.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44"><sup>[44]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Manaqibu al Ansar, 45; Ahmad, IV, 176; Ibn Hisham, II, 103; Hakim, III, 7.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45"><sup>[45]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Bad’u al Khalq 6, Fadail al Qur’an 7, Sawm 7; Muslim, Fadail 50.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46"><sup>[46]</sup></a>. See Ahmad, I, 405; Tabari I, 28; <i>Mukaddimetan,</i> pub. A. Jeffery, p. 74, 227; Tahir al Jazairi, <i>at Tibyan</i> p. 26.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47"><sup>[47]</sup></a>. Badraddin al-Ayni, <i>Umdat al-Qari,</i> I, 61; XXIV, 128, Beyrut.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48"><sup>[48]</sup></a>. See Bukhari, Tafsir, 4/9; Muslim, Iman 346, Musafirin 203, 247, Dhikr 38; Nasai, Qiyamu al layl, 25; <i>Muwatta’,</i> Qur’an, 4, 11; Haysami, VII, 165; Qurtubi, <i>Tafsir,</i> I, 40.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49"><sup>[49]</sup></a>. Nasai, Iftitah, 79; Ahmad, V, 156.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50"><sup>[50]</sup></a>. See Muslim, Janaiz, 102.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51"><sup>[51]</sup></a>. Abu Bakr ibn Hallal, <i>al Kirae inda al Kubur,</i> Beirut 1424, p. 89, no: 7.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52"><sup>[52]</sup></a>. For details on this matter refer to my book <i>Civilisation of Virtues</i>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53"><sup>[53]</sup></a>.
See Bukhari, Jihad, 33, 110, Manaqabu al Ansar 9, Maghazi 29, Riqaq 1;
Muslim, Jihad 126, 129; Tirmidhi, Manaqib 55; Ibn Maja, Masajid 3;
Waqidi, II, 824.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54"><sup>[54]</sup></a>. <b>Qirat:</b> this was a measurement which came to the weight of five barley which corresponded to approximately 0.2125 grams.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55"><sup>[55]</sup></a>. Ibn Sa’d, VII, 161; Suhayli, I, 248.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref56" name="_ftn56"><sup>[56]</sup></a>.
In other narrations, Hanzala went to Abu Bakr, weeping and complaining
about his state (See Tirmidhi, Qiyamah, 59/2514; Ibn Maja, Zuhd, 28;
Ahmad, IV, 178).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57"><sup>[57]</sup></a> Ibn Hisham, IV 346; Waqidi, I, 107; Balazuri, <i>Ansab al-Ashraf</i>, I, 303-304; Ibn Abdi al-Barr, <i>Istiab,</i> II, 669-671; Hakim, III, 318/5228.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref58" name="_ftn58"><sup>[58]</sup></a> Muzzammil, 73:12.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref59" name="_ftn59">[59]</a> A <i>katik</i> is a type of food eaten with bread (Translator’s note).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref60" name="_ftn60">[60]</a> <i>Salawat u sharifa</i> or <i>salat u salam</i> is to recite or invoke salutations and blessings upon the prophet Muhammad (saw) (Translator’s note)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref61" name="_ftn61"><sup>[61]</sup></a> See Bukhari, Isti’zan, 28; Abu Dawud, Salat, 18/465; Tirmidhi, Salat, 117/314; Ibn Majah, Masajid, 13.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref62" name="_ftn62"><sup>[62]</sup></a> See Nisa, 4:86.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref63" name="_ftn63"><sup>[63]</sup></a>.
The commentators explain the angels being a witness on Fridays as
follows: On Fridays the angels come and stand at the door of the masjid
and write down who arrives at the masjid in order. They shake hands and
greet those who pray and ask for their forgiveness. They also bear
witness to the other good deeds of the believers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref64" name="_ftn64"><sup>[64]</sup></a> See Tirmidhi, Witr, 21/485. In addition see Muslim, Salat, 70; Abu Dawud, Witr, 26/1530; Nasai, Adhan, 37/676.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref65" name="_ftn65"><sup>[65]</sup></a> See Nasai, Sahw, 55/1290.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref66" name="_ftn66"><sup>[66]</sup></a> See Nasai, Sahw 55/1293.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://en.osmannuritopbas.com/the-blessed-messenger-of-allah-muhammad-mustafa-peace-and-blessings-be-upon-him-571-632.html#_ftnref67" name="_ftn67"><sup>[67]</sup></a> See Ibn Maja, Iqama, 25.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">OsmanNuri Topbaş <br /></p>
</div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-73826930324819325382021-05-16T16:49:00.005+03:002021-05-16T17:03:58.772+03:00The Media's Double Standard IV<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; padding-right: 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: inherit;">Sheikh Jarrah: Western media outlets are whitewashing Israeli colonialism</span></h2><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">n talking about Israel's war on Palestinians, Western media outlets rarely, if ever, talk about the violence in a way that reflects reality.<br />As Israeli aggressions against Palestinians continue, so do myths and misinformation. The recent state violence and attacks committed by Israelis against Palestinians is again accompanied by a media bias that tends to obscure the context, causes, and consequences.<br />Some of the highest circulated global news outlets have stubbornly repeated Orientalist tropes, implicitly providing justifications for Israel’s position and rationalising human rights violations.<br />Anti-Palestinian violence in Jerusalem</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><a name='more'></a></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br />As part of Israel’s ongoing ethnic cleansing campaign, numerous Palestinians are currently being forcibly expelled from their indigenous homes in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem, which, according to international law, is under illegal Israeli occupation.<br />Armed Israeli settlers carried out attacks and set Palestinian land on fire. Hundreds of Palestinians were injured by Israeli occupation forces which stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque and assaulted Palestinians during prayer in Ramadan.<br />Previously, armed far-right Israeli protesters marched through the occupied city in order to restore “Jewish dignity” in Jerusalem. They chanted anti-Palestinian slogans, such as “Death to Arabs”, “We’re burning Arabs today” and “May your village burn.”<br />The violence was well-documented on social media, where pictures and videos of Israeli attacks were shared. Some have referred to these targeted attacks on Palestinians as a pogrom. While these attacks appear particularly violent, they are neither new nor isolated incidents. Rather, they are Israel’s structural oppression and control of Palestinians.<br />Colonial media bias<br />While the dispossession campaign in Sheikh Jarrah was not a news story throughout, reports on the violence in Jerusalem’s Old City have framed settler violence and military occupation through a Eurocentric lens. <br />Rather than providing a historical and political context, some dominant media resorted to a recycling of familiar tropes.<br />The recent events were referred to as a “clash”, “tension”, “night of chaos,” or “bouts.” <br />An abundance of headlines has announced “clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police.” Western media outlets obscure the Israeli origins of violence while implying a false parity of power with the Palestinians.<br />In reality, one side is a nuclear-armed heavily militarised apartheid regime that has legal, political, and military control over the other side which is struggling for basic rights and sometimes mere survival.<br />Violence in Jerusalem is often presented as isolated moments of the “past couple of weeks” or as “the culmination of building tensions”, as if these were temporary incidents and not of structural nature. <br />At times, the violence is contextualised as “complex heightened tensions” when, in fact, the situation is quite simple. Rather than a temporary “clash,” Israeli brutality is a realisation of the continuing Nakba. Settlers are trying to expel indigenous Palestinians in order to expand the colonies.<br />While Israel has been rather transparent about these policies, some media outlets have employed euphemisms to rhetorically reduce the visibility of Israel’s violence. For example, a headline claimed that “Evictions in Jerusalem Become Focus of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” in “a contested neighborhood”. The forceful expulsion of civilians and even the illegality of Israel’s occupation remain absent from Western media coverage.<br />Even though the tragic consequences of Israeli violence are well-documented, Palestinians are still presented as perpetrators. When Israeli forces stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque during Ramadan prayer live on camera, the BBC claimed that protesters “hurled stones at the police” and that Israeli officers “responded with stun grenades, rubber bullets and water cannon.”<br />The ideological use of language helps present Palestinians as initiators, who “clashed with Israeli police”, whereas Israeli occupation forces may appear as rather passive “police”. <br />In an article that begins with the phrase “Israeli police said” and, hence, quotes the Israeli state apparatus as the primary source, the reader learns that Palestinians “clashed with Israeli police on a nightly basis since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.” That Israel employs brutal state violence as a major method to maintain its colonial order is absent.<br />The myths of the two sides<br />The widespread equation of Palestinian and Israeli experiences in the media is further perpetuated in the presentation of these “clashes” as taking place between two ethnic groups. <br />The terms “Jews” and “Israelis” as well as “Palestinians” and “Arabs” are used as interchangeable synonyms. As a consequence, the colonial dimensions are obscured because Palestinians are not referred to as indigenous people and Israel is not identified as a colonial power. The struggle between civilians and a heavily armed military is thus converted into an ethnic or religious conflict.<br />When the recent anti-Palestinian march was acknowledged, it was blamed on “hundreds of supporters of an extremist Jewish supremacy group” without a mention of Zionism as the underlying ideology that is at the core of Israel’s settler project. <br />The undifferentiated equation of Zionism with Judaism can very well have antisemitic implications. While current Israeli violence may be more visible, it is debatable whether it classifies as extremist, given that the nature of Israel’s current existence as a supremacist and colonial project necessitates control over and the removal of indigenous Palestinians.<br />Some articles contextualised the violence with Islam. For example, readers would be told that “Israeli-Arab tensions have been on the rise since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan” without further explanation. The lack of context leaves the reader with a superficial connection between that violence and Islam, such as in headlines like “Clashes, prayers in Jerusalem on Muslim Laylat al-Qadr.” That Israel regularly assaults peaceful worshippers in mosques and churches is less evident.<br />Given that Israeli violence is often framed as a “response,” one might get the impression that Palestinians would not have been attacked if they were not violent and, hence, have brought the violence on to themselves due to bad behaviour. This is crucial in colonial rhetoric. <br />The latest Israeli airstrikes on Gaza were as well portrayed as a “response” to Hamas which is depicted as “an Islamic group sworn to Israel’s destruction.”<br />That Israel is sworn to the destruction of Hamas and to Palestine as such is not part of the discourse. In fact, settler-colonial expansion is genocidal as such and necessitates the removal of the indigenous people. With the absence of legal, historical, and political dimensions, in much of the mainstream media coverage, the presence of Israeli forces on Palestinian territory is not questioned, nor are the reasons for Palestinian actions.<br />The latest events coincided with the release of a Human Rights Watch report which reiterates that Israel’s policies constitute crimes of apartheid and persecution. The report sheds light on the abusive practices of the Israeli regime’s “discriminatory rule over Palestinians” and the ways in which Israeli authorities “methodically privilege Jewish Israelis and discriminate against Palestinians”<br />Such realities, although defining the current violence, remain rather absent from the dominant media focus on Palestine, regardless of how obviously visible they are. In fact, it appears that “clashes”, “chaos,” and “unrest” indeed need to be understood as such, only when they disturb Israeli colonial control. <br />As Palestinians observe 73 years of the Nakba this week, the daily instances of dispossession, expulsion, killings of Palestinians do not always make the headlines. These acts are part and parcel of Israel’s structural violence and, thus, do not qualify as a “tension” or “clash.”<br />Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints and editorial policies of TRT World.<br />We welcome all pitches and submissions to TRT World Opinion – please send them via email, to opinion.editorial@trtworld.com<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As Israeli aggressions against Palestinians continue, so do myths and misinformation. The recent state violence and attacks committed by Israelis against Palestinians is again accompanied by a media bias that tends to obscure the context, causes, and consequences.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some of the highest circulated global news outlets have stubbornly repeated Orientalist tropes, implicitly providing justifications for Israel’s position and rationalising human rights violations.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Anti-Palestinian violence in Jerusalem<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As part of Israel’s ongoing ethnic cleansing campaign, numerous Palestinians are currently being forcibly expelled from their indigenous homes in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem, which, according to international law, is under illegal Israeli occupation.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Armed Israeli settlers carried out attacks and set Palestinian land on fire. Hundreds of Palestinians were injured by Israeli occupation forces which stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque and assaulted Palestinians during prayer in Ramadan.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Previously, armed far-right Israeli protesters marched through the occupied city in order to restore “Jewish dignity” in Jerusalem. They chanted anti-Palestinian slogans, such as “Death to Arabs”, “We’re burning Arabs today” and “May your village burn.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The violence was well-documented on social media, where pictures and videos of Israeli attacks were shared. Some have referred to these targeted attacks on Palestinians as a pogrom. While these attacks appear particularly violent, they are neither new nor isolated incidents. Rather, they are Israel’s structural oppression and control of Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Colonial media bias<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">While the dispossession campaign in Sheikh Jarrah was not a news story throughout, reports on the violence in Jerusalem’s Old City have framed settler violence and military occupation through a Eurocentric lens. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Rather than providing a historical and political context, some dominant media resorted to a recycling of familiar tropes.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The recent events were referred to as a “clash”, “tension”, “night of chaos,” or “bouts.” <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">An abundance of headlines has announced “clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police.” Western media outlets obscure the Israeli origins of violence while implying a false parity of power with the Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In reality, one side is a nuclear-armed heavily militarised apartheid regime that has legal, political, and military control over the other side which is struggling for basic rights and sometimes mere survival.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Violence in Jerusalem is often presented as isolated moments of the “past couple of weeks” or as “the culmination of building tensions”, as if these were temporary incidents and not of structural nature. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">At times, the violence is contextualised as “complex heightened tensions” when, in fact, the situation is quite simple. Rather than a temporary “clash,” Israeli brutality is a realisation of the continuing Nakba. Settlers are trying to expel indigenous Palestinians in order to expand the colonies.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">While Israel has been rather transparent about these policies, some media outlets have employed euphemisms to rhetorically reduce the visibility of Israel’s violence. For example, a headline claimed that “Evictions in Jerusalem Become Focus of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” in “a contested neighborhood”. The forceful expulsion of civilians and even the illegality of Israel’s occupation remain absent from Western media coverage.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Even though the tragic consequences of Israeli violence are well-documented, Palestinians are still presented as perpetrators. When Israeli forces stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque during Ramadan prayer live on camera, the BBC claimed that protesters “hurled stones at the police” and that Israeli officers “responded with stun grenades, rubber bullets and water cannon.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The ideological use of language helps present Palestinians as initiators, who “clashed with Israeli police”, whereas Israeli occupation forces may appear as rather passive “police”. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In an article that begins with the phrase “Israeli police said” and, hence, quotes the Israeli state apparatus as the primary source, the reader learns that Palestinians “clashed with Israeli police on a nightly basis since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.” That Israel employs brutal state violence as a major method to maintain its colonial order is absent.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The myths of the two sides<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The widespread equation of Palestinian and Israeli experiences in the media is further perpetuated in the presentation of these “clashes” as taking place between two ethnic groups. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The terms “Jews” and “Israelis” as well as “Palestinians” and “Arabs” are used as interchangeable synonyms. As a consequence, the colonial dimensions are obscured because Palestinians are not referred to as indigenous people and Israel is not identified as a colonial power. The struggle between civilians and a heavily armed military is thus converted into an ethnic or religious conflict.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">When the recent anti-Palestinian march was acknowledged, it was blamed on “hundreds of supporters of an extremist Jewish supremacy group” without a mention of Zionism as the underlying ideology that is at the core of Israel’s settler project. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The undifferentiated equation of Zionism with Judaism can very well have antisemitic implications. While current Israeli violence may be more visible, it is debatable whether it classifies as extremist, given that the nature of Israel’s current existence as a supremacist and colonial project necessitates control over and the removal of indigenous Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some articles contextualised the violence with Islam. For example, readers would be told that “Israeli-Arab tensions have been on the rise since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan” without further explanation. The lack of context leaves the reader with a superficial connection between that violence and Islam, such as in headlines like “Clashes, prayers in Jerusalem on Muslim Laylat al-Qadr.” That Israel regularly assaults peaceful worshippers in mosques and churches is less evident.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Given that Israeli violence is often framed as a “response,” one might get the impression that Palestinians would not have been attacked if they were not violent and, hence, have brought the violence on to themselves due to bad behaviour. This is crucial in colonial rhetoric. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The latest Israeli airstrikes on Gaza were as well portrayed as a “response” to Hamas which is depicted as “an Islamic group sworn to Israel’s destruction.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">That Israel is sworn to the destruction of Hamas and to Palestine as such is not part of the discourse. In fact, settler-colonial expansion is genocidal as such and necessitates the removal of the indigenous people. With the absence of legal, historical, and political dimensions, in much of the mainstream media coverage, the presence of Israeli forces on Palestinian territory is not questioned, nor are the reasons for Palestinian actions.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The latest events coincided with the release of a Human Rights Watch report which reiterates that Israel’s policies constitute crimes of apartheid and persecution. The report sheds light on the abusive practices of the Israeli regime’s “discriminatory rule over Palestinians” and the ways in which Israeli authorities “methodically privilege Jewish Israelis and discriminate against Palestinians”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Such realities, although defining the current violence, remain rather absent from the dominant media focus on Palestine, regardless of how obviously visible they are. In fact, it appears that “clashes”, “chaos,” and “unrest” indeed need to be understood as such, only when they disturb Israeli colonial control. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As Palestinians observe 73 years of the Nakba this week, the daily instances of dispossession, expulsion, killings of Palestinians do not always make the headlines. These acts are part and parcel of Israel’s structural violence and, thus, do not qualify as a “tension” or “clash.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints and editorial policies of TRT World.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">We welcome all pitches and submissions to TRT World Opinion – please send them via email, to opinion.editorial@trtworld.com</span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As Israeli aggressions against Palestinians continue, so do myths and misinformation. The recent state violence and attacks committed by Israelis against Palestinians is again accompanied by a media bias that tends to obscure the context, causes, and consequences.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some of the highest circulated global news outlets have stubbornly repeated Orientalist tropes, implicitly providing justifications for Israel’s position and rationalising human rights violations.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Anti-Palestinian violence in Jerusalem<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As part of Israel’s ongoing ethnic cleansing campaign, numerous Palestinians are currently being forcibly expelled from their indigenous homes in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem, which, according to international law, is under illegal Israeli occupation.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Armed Israeli settlers carried out attacks and set Palestinian land on fire. Hundreds of Palestinians were injured by Israeli occupation forces which stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque and assaulted Palestinians during prayer in Ramadan.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Previously, armed far-right Israeli protesters marched through the occupied city in order to restore “Jewish dignity” in Jerusalem. They chanted anti-Palestinian slogans, such as “Death to Arabs”, “We’re burning Arabs today” and “May your village burn.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The violence was well-documented on social media, where pictures and videos of Israeli attacks were shared. Some have referred to these targeted attacks on Palestinians as a pogrom. While these attacks appear particularly violent, they are neither new nor isolated incidents. Rather, they are Israel’s structural oppression and control of Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Colonial media bias<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">While the dispossession campaign in Sheikh Jarrah was not a news story throughout, reports on the violence in Jerusalem’s Old City have framed settler violence and military occupation through a Eurocentric lens. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Rather than providing a historical and political context, some dominant media resorted to a recycling of familiar tropes.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The recent events were referred to as a “clash”, “tension”, “night of chaos,” or “bouts.” <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">An abundance of headlines has announced “clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police.” Western media outlets obscure the Israeli origins of violence while implying a false parity of power with the Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In reality, one side is a nuclear-armed heavily militarised apartheid regime that has legal, political, and military control over the other side which is struggling for basic rights and sometimes mere survival.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Violence in Jerusalem is often presented as isolated moments of the “past couple of weeks” or as “the culmination of building tensions”, as if these were temporary incidents and not of structural nature. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">At times, the violence is contextualised as “complex heightened tensions” when, in fact, the situation is quite simple. Rather than a temporary “clash,” Israeli brutality is a realisation of the continuing Nakba. Settlers are trying to expel indigenous Palestinians in order to expand the colonies.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">While Israel has been rather transparent about these policies, some media outlets have employed euphemisms to rhetorically reduce the visibility of Israel’s violence. For example, a headline claimed that “Evictions in Jerusalem Become Focus of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict” in “a contested neighborhood”. The forceful expulsion of civilians and even the illegality of Israel’s occupation remain absent from Western media coverage.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Even though the tragic consequences of Israeli violence are well-documented, Palestinians are still presented as perpetrators. When Israeli forces stormed the Al Aqsa Mosque during Ramadan prayer live on camera, the BBC claimed that protesters “hurled stones at the police” and that Israeli officers “responded with stun grenades, rubber bullets and water cannon.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The ideological use of language helps present Palestinians as initiators, who “clashed with Israeli police”, whereas Israeli occupation forces may appear as rather passive “police”. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In an article that begins with the phrase “Israeli police said” and, hence, quotes the Israeli state apparatus as the primary source, the reader learns that Palestinians “clashed with Israeli police on a nightly basis since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.” That Israel employs brutal state violence as a major method to maintain its colonial order is absent.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The myths of the two sides<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The widespread equation of Palestinian and Israeli experiences in the media is further perpetuated in the presentation of these “clashes” as taking place between two ethnic groups. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The terms “Jews” and “Israelis” as well as “Palestinians” and “Arabs” are used as interchangeable synonyms. As a consequence, the colonial dimensions are obscured because Palestinians are not referred to as indigenous people and Israel is not identified as a colonial power. The struggle between civilians and a heavily armed military is thus converted into an ethnic or religious conflict.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">When the recent anti-Palestinian march was acknowledged, it was blamed on “hundreds of supporters of an extremist Jewish supremacy group” without a mention of Zionism as the underlying ideology that is at the core of Israel’s settler project. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The undifferentiated equation of Zionism with Judaism can very well have antisemitic implications. While current Israeli violence may be more visible, it is debatable whether it classifies as extremist, given that the nature of Israel’s current existence as a supremacist and colonial project necessitates control over and the removal of indigenous Palestinians.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some articles contextualised the violence with Islam. For example, readers would be told that “Israeli-Arab tensions have been on the rise since the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan” without further explanation. The lack of context leaves the reader with a superficial connection between that violence and Islam, such as in headlines like “Clashes, prayers in Jerusalem on Muslim Laylat al-Qadr.” That Israel regularly assaults peaceful worshippers in mosques and churches is less evident.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Given that Israeli violence is often framed as a “response,” one might get the impression that Palestinians would not have been attacked if they were not violent and, hence, have brought the violence on to themselves due to bad behaviour. This is crucial in colonial rhetoric. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The latest Israeli airstrikes on Gaza were as well portrayed as a “response” to Hamas which is depicted as “an Islamic group sworn to Israel’s destruction.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">That Israel is sworn to the destruction of Hamas and to Palestine as such is not part of the discourse. In fact, settler-colonial expansion is genocidal as such and necessitates the removal of the indigenous people. With the absence of legal, historical, and political dimensions, in much of the mainstream media coverage, the presence of Israeli forces on Palestinian territory is not questioned, nor are the reasons for Palestinian actions.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The latest events coincided with the release of a Human Rights Watch report which reiterates that Israel’s policies constitute crimes of apartheid and persecution. The report sheds light on the abusive practices of the Israeli regime’s “discriminatory rule over Palestinians” and the ways in which Israeli authorities “methodically privilege Jewish Israelis and discriminate against Palestinians”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Such realities, although defining the current violence, remain rather absent from the dominant media focus on Palestine, regardless of how obviously visible they are. In fact, it appears that “clashes”, “chaos,” and “unrest” indeed need to be understood as such, only when they disturb Israeli colonial control. <br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">As Palestinians observe 73 years of the Nakba this week, the daily instances of dispossession, expulsion, killings of Palestinians do not always make the headlines. These acts are part and parcel of Israel’s structural violence and, thus, do not qualify as a “tension” or “clash.”<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints and editorial policies of TRT World.<br /></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">We welcome all pitches and submissions to TRT World Opinion – please send them via email, to opinion.editorial@trtworld.com</span><p></p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><section class="container article-footer article-author" id="article-author" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; width: 1170px;"><div class="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px;"><div class="col-md-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; min-height: 1px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; width: 780px;"><div class="panel" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 0px 5px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="panel-body" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 40px 50px;"><div class="media" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1;"><div class="media-body" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table-cell; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: top; width: 10000px; zoom: 1;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0083ec; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; letter-spacing: -0.2px; line-height: 1.5; position: relative;"><label style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1e1e1e; display: block; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0.5; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">AUTHOR</span></label><a href="https://www.trtworld.com/author/Denijal.Jegic" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Denijal Jegic</a></p><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 14px;"> </span><div class="author-contact" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0083ec; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; letter-spacing: -0.2px; line-height: 1.5; position: relative;"><a href="https://twitter.com/@denijeg" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">@denijeg</a></div><div id="authorDesktop" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p id="author-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1e1e1e; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 10px; opacity: 0.87; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Denijal Jegic is a writer and researcher. He holds a PhD in American studies.</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-71180726594456558762021-05-16T16:43:00.000+03:002021-05-16T16:43:01.999+03:00The Media's Double Standard III<p> </p><h2 class="detOzet" id="trtspot1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: rgb(30, 30, 30) !important; float: left; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The international agency, newspapers and televisions not only quietly watched the deaths of Palestinian children, they distorted the events. </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The silence of the journalists went down as a black mark in history.</span></span></h2><div class="detYazi cf" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1e1e1e; float: left; font-family: AktivGrotesk-Regular; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px;"><div class="editorPart blackle" id="trtdty" style="border: 0px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The Western media, hiding the massacres of the terrorist organization PKK / PYD, once again revealed the hypocritical attitude.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Many </span><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/medya/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">media</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> outlets distorted the news about Israel's attacks on Palestinians.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The attitude of international agencies </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">played an important role in the pro- </span></span><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/israil/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Israel</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> script that </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">was written </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">.</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">London-based Reuters distorted the news about the Israeli driving on the Palestinians by distorting it as "the Israeli thrown stones by the Palestinians had an accident".</span></p><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="border: 0px; display: flex; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 550px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 550px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" class="" data-tweet-id="1391719710878797824" frameborder="0" id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=eyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1391719710878797824&lang=tr&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fdunya%2Fbati-medyasi-israil-siddetini-gizliyor-580044.html&sessionId=0fe2a4d1877c3e453dcc1f5d88c05d42fbf313bc&siteScreenName=trthaber&theme=light&widgetsVersion=82e1070%3A1619632193066&width=550px" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; display: block; flex-grow: 1; height: 482px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 550px;" title="Twitter Tweet"></iframe></div><br /><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">AP's attitude</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The US Associated Press (AP), on the other hand, first mentioned the air strike as "9 people died in an explosion in Gaza with an unknown cause".</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">He later changed his report to " </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">24 people, </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">including </span></span><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/gazze/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Gaza</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> militants and children, died </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">while Israel shot Hamas </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">."</span></span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Western media hides Israeli violence" src="https://www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/photo_2021-05-11_16-46-54.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; height: 366px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 650px;" /></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The attitude of many newspapers and televisions did not surprise either.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reacting headline of The Times newspaper</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/abd/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">US</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> -based CNN said "Israel launched an air strike after the rockets fired from Gaza". </span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Western media hides Israeli violence" src="https://www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/photo_2021-05-11_16-46-46.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; height: 366px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 650px;" /></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The headline of the British newspaper The Times, "Israel launched an air strike on Gaza when violence prevailed in the holy places in Jerusalem" also drew reaction.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The lie of the New York Post</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">The New York Post, on the other hand, had a scandal in itself.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">He lied that 20 people, including children, </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">died in the </span></span><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/hamas/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Hamas</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> attack.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Western media hides Israeli violence" src="https://www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/photo_2021-05-11_16-46-48.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; height: 366px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 650px;" /></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Israel's violence disappears from Twitter</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">This attitude of the media has passed into the history of the press in the West as a shame.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/sosyal-medya/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Social media</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> platforms are also accused of pro-Israel censorship.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">It </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">is stated that the posts of </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">many users showing Israeli violence </span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">were deleted by channels such as </span></span><a href="https://www.trthaber.com/etiket/twitter/" style="border: 0px; color: #c31719; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: fit-content;" target="_blank"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Twitter</span></a><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"> .</span></p></div></div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-30330720644998725722021-05-12T14:41:00.001+03:002021-05-12T14:41:34.303+03:00The Media's Double Standard II<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='422' height='351' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx7FbdXlefeBIffn9U0WD0DqNIA0xvD54Dlw284DFBr_gt-Hf_c53jV7CKcteF8L8meM8CzOfc8m5U6252RHA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><p></p>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-62106819023677408892021-05-12T14:36:00.004+03:002021-05-12T14:36:45.795+03:00The First Kibla of Muslims: Al-Aqsa Mosque<p class="yazaradi" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgghp3ioPrsIvCVaFB19sMyVTTj3BefoXdnhW847_ho7YBZA2lPGsJPXTLabYwq-YE5e3x78iRHscznUtMt8c6oF4Tmb96HBwaHe7PK5l3pJnIjZVD7f-q0DoO8W08K-k1iVFt1QujmdCZ2/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="634" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgghp3ioPrsIvCVaFB19sMyVTTj3BefoXdnhW847_ho7YBZA2lPGsJPXTLabYwq-YE5e3x78iRHscznUtMt8c6oF4Tmb96HBwaHe7PK5l3pJnIjZVD7f-q0DoO8W08K-k1iVFt1QujmdCZ2/w443-h163/image.png" width="443" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="yazaradi" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Al-Aqsa Mosque is the first kiblah (direction that is prayed to) of Muslims and one of the three places of worship considered most sacred. In Aramaic, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is referred to as Beth Makdesha, in Hebrew Beth Ha-Miqdash and Arabic Bait-ul Maqdis, meaning "Sacred house." These names have remained with it since its establishment was later used to encompass the entire city. The name Al-Qudus (Jerusalem), which Muslims have embraced, comes from the same root and refers to the place of worship and not the entire city.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Islamic scholars agree that the place referred to in the Holy Qur'an as Masjid-ul Aqsa, whose surroundings have been made sacred, are in fact Bait-ul Maqdis. In Arabic, "aqsa" means far and the place of worship was given this name due to its distance from Mecca. According to Judaism, it existed before the world did; however it was in the heavens. God then began to create it from where his shadow was cast and it was at that point that the Prophet Adam was created. According to a hadith, this is the second oldest place of worship erected for mankind following the Masjid-ul Haram in Mecca.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Today the Kaba along with its surroundings is referred to as the Masjid-ul Haram and similarly Masjid-ul Aqsa, along with its surroundings is referred to as Harem-i Shareef. The Harem-i Shareef encompasses an area in Jerusalem whose north extends 321 meters, its south 283 meters, its east 474 meters and west 490 meters. This sacred location contains the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Qubbat</i> As-<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sakhrah</i> (the mosque itself) whose maximum height reaches 30-40 kilometers and is surrounded by walls.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The establishing of the location and planning of the Al-Aqsa Mosque begins with the Prophet Davud (David, pbuh). However, Allah indicates that the place of worship will be completed by Prophet Sulaiman (Solomon, pbuh). Thus Prophet Davud would explain the situation to his son Sulaiman and order him to build the mosque, entrusting him with all of the supplies and workers necessary to build the structure.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Bait-ul Maqdis, which was full of valuable goods, was attacked by occupiers and looters from time to time, which resulted it to become damaged. The greatest destruction came during the time of Babylonian Emperor Buhtunnasr II and the third conquering of Jerusalem (B.C. 586). Buhtunnasr, who completely destroyed the city, took the gold embossments off of the door and walls of the destroyed temple, along with all the other valuable pillage and a large portion of the people to Babylon along with him. The Babylonian bondage, which began in this fashion ended with the occupation by the Persian Empire (B.C. 539). A Jewish leader, Zerubabbel, along with his friends, then headed to Jerusalem in order to reconstruct this place of worship (B.C. 515), a process which took around 25 years. Jerusalem, which remained under the control of Parthians for a short period of time, was seized by Herod I (also known as the Herod the Great), whom the Romans declared a Jewish King; through the help of Jews the temple was restructured and expanded. This particular phase of construction began around 20 years prior to the birth of Isa (Jesus, pbuh) and continued into his lifetime. The Western Wall (also referred to as the Wailing Wall), which is currently used by Jews for prayer as it is believed to be an original part of the Temple of Solomon, is part of the walls surrounding this place of worship which is located in the West wing of the building. The rooms referred to in the Qur'an, in which Prophet Zakariyya (Zachariah, pbuh) and Mariam (Mary, pbuh) sought refuge for worship must be located within this structure.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The temple along with Jerusalem were almost completely burned down following the conquest by the Roman Army under the command of Titus in 70 A.D.; the city was reconstructed during the time of Hadrien (117-138 A.D.) and the Jupiter Capitolinus Temple was built in place of the Bait-ul Maqdis. It is believed that this temple was destroyed after Constantine accepted Christianity.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">It is clearly stated in the first verse of Surah Al-Isra' (Journey by Night) that Prophet Muhammad was brought to the first kiblah of Muslims, the Al-Aqsa Mosque before heading for his miraculous Miraj journey. Al-Aqsa Mosque remained the location for the kiblah for around 16-17 months following the Hijra (Journey from Mecca to Medina). This shows the value placed on the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Prophet Muhammad had stated, years before Jerusalem had been conquered, that this mosque was one of three which must be visited for the purposes of worship (following the Masjid-i Haram in Mecca and the Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina). The hadith from the Prophet, which state the virtue of prayers performed here are 50,000 times more than those performed at home alone, only reinforce its significance. Omar (pbuh), upon receiving the key to the city of Jerusalem, labored personally among the rubbles that had been left from the era of Christianity, leading the congregation in prayer in the south of the temple and then having a masjid erected there.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to a narration from Yakubi, despite the fact that the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik Bin Marwan is credited with construction of Masjid al-Aqsa for the second time through the use of seven years of taxation revenue, according to the ancient Greek records belonging to Qurra ibn Sarik, who served as the Governor to Egypt from 90-96(709-714), it is understood that it was Walid I who had the structure constructed. The building was extremely damaged following the earthquake that took place in 130 (747-48) and this building was only renovated during the time Abu Jafar al-Mansoor (754-775) after the gold and silver coatings on its doors were taken down and cashed in for money. The structure was partially destroyed again in 158 (775) and renovated by Mahdi-Billah.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Al-Aqsa Mosque was destroyed yet again in 425 (1034) due to an earthquake and was renovated, which was a based on an order by Caliph Al-Dhahir and the building was made smaller with four arches being raised on its right and left. Following the Crusades, the development of Salah ad Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub's (commonly known as Saladin) zoning took this version of the structure as its base. The large portion of the structure which has lasted until today remains from the period of Dhahir. When Salah ad Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub regained Jerusalem, renovating the Al-Aqsa Mosque back to its original form, it required more work than the mere construction work on the Qubbat As-Sakhrah (The Dome of the Rock). The pulpit constructed by Nur ad-Din Zangi in Aleppo, was placed there. The entrance archway in the northern front was constructed by Saladin's nephew, The Amir of Dimashk (the former name of Damascus) Al-Malikul Mu'azzam. The fountain in the north of the mosque dates back to the 14<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> Century.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The booklet on the Sultan Sulaiman the Magnificent renovation of the Al-Aqsa Mosque which was renovated many times during the Mamluk and Ottoman eras was lost close to the end of the 14<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> Century. The booklet which documents the 1114 (1702-1703) renovations by Mahmud Efendi is kept in the Islam Museum (Jami-ul Maghariba) located in the West of the mosque. Two of the four books documenting the Sultan Mahmud II renovations dated 1233 (1817-18) have survived until today. The wide-scale renovation of the structure, which took place under the directives of Abdülhamid II, in which the carpets and candles there renewed, was followed by the period under British rule as of 1922 led by Architect Kemaleddin Bey.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A beautiful wooden pulpit constructed by Nur ad Din Zangi was burnt along with the masjid that was partially destroyed following an act of arson by a fanatical Jew on August 21, 1969. A few of the wooden panels which were salvaged from the fire remain on display at the Islam Museum. Even though the structure was renovated in a fashion that was true to its original form in the years to follow, it is still subject to attacks and destruction as a result of ongoing conflict between Arabs and Jews. The Al-Aqsa Mosque, similar to other mosques, functioned as a madrasah. Its library was enriched following the re-conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin. </p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #32302c; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start;">Nebi Bozkurt, PhD</span></p>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-72186760357012327452020-12-24T16:40:00.002+03:002020-12-24T16:42:09.881+03:00THE CHARACTER TRAITS OF THE PROPHET OF MERCY<p> </p><header class="entry-header penci-entry-header penci-title-" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 class="entry-title penci-entry-title penci-title-" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Mukta Vaani", sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; margin: 5px 0px 6px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="697" src="http://en.osmannuritopbas.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/d7f2fb52280c5a382cb222b762a3a909_2014-Nisan-altinoluk1-697-c.jpg" /></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></h1><h1 class="entry-title penci-entry-title penci-title-" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Mukta Vaani", sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; margin: 5px 0px 6px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">Throughout history, the only prophet and person whose life has been recorded in minute detail is Muhammad Mustafa (peace be upon him). His actions, words and feelings have been recorded in their entirety and they have considered as sound historical facts.</span></h1></header><div class="penci-entry-content entry-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; line-height: 1.7; margin: 1.5em 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="more-5974" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His life will be an example for generations to come, up until the final day. In the Surah al-Qalam in the Qur’an, it is said: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character.” </em>(Qur’an, Qalam, 68/4)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He was not only a teacher who taught the Qur’an verbally; he was also a living example who practiced what was written in the Qur’an. Jabir narrates that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Allah, the Most High, sent me to perfect good morality.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When he met the Prophet (peace be upon him) Abdullah ibn Salam, a former Jewish scholar who had converted to Islam, was overwhelmed by the light and the deep meaning he saw in his face. Impressed, he said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A person who has such a face cannot be a liar.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">With that awareness, he embraced Islam.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Purity of Soul in the Prophet of Mercy</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As mentioned earlier, the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a divine gift and a perfect example for all of humanity. Everyone who is looking for happiness may follow his example to the extent they can. Each and every deed of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a practical example for those who truly want to live Islam. Furthermore, there are some points that must be taken into consideration relative to the benefits from the Essence of Muhammad:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Some deeds can be performed only by a power unique to the prophets. Others cannot imitate them regarding these points. As a matter of fact, even the Prophet (peace be upon him) warned the people around him concerning this issue. For instance, he frequently prayed at nights until his feet were swollen, and he fasted for days without a break.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Some of the deeds of the Prophet (peace be upon him) were for him alone: for instance, marrying more than four wives and prohibiting the receipt of charity either for himself or his progeny until the final day.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a great lesson to be learned in his immediate distribution of his share from any loot attained during battle. He was careful about this for all his life, up until his last breath:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was extremely ill and the time for his union with his Lord was approaching. Once he turned to his wife, Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked her to distribute to the needy the 6-7 dinar which he had with him. A little later, he asked about the dinars. When he learned that Aishah had forgotten to give them out as charity because she had been busy looking after him, he asked for the dinars, took them in his hand and said:</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, does not expect to meet his Lord without distributing these to the needy…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then he gave them to five needy families of the Helpers (Ansar) in Medina. He said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Now I feel comfortable.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Afterwards, he fell into a light sleep.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ubaydullah ibn Abbas narrates the following:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“One day, Abu Dharr told me:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘O my nephew! I will tell you a story.’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then he told me the following story:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Once I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) He held my hand and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘O Abu Dharr! If the mountain of Uhud were to be turned into gold for me, I would spend it on the path of Allah and I would dislike leaving even a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat</em><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[4]</span></span> of it when I die.’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">I said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O, Messenger of Allah! Is it a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat</em> or a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qantar</em><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</span></span>that you would not like to leave behind?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘O Abu Dharr! I am decreasing, you are increasing. I want the Hereafter, you want this world! I would not leave even a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat, </em>a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat, </em>a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat.’ “</em></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He repeated the word <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat </em>three times.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The sublime state of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) represents the highest criterion. Those who are required to follow it are not obliged to reach to that level. In fact, it would be problematic if the Muslim community attempted to follow each example in an exact and strict manner. Moreover, it is beyond human power. The wisdom behind this concerns only the Prophet.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The deeds that are exclusively related to the person of the Prophet are not limited only to the examples mentioned above. Another example is the regulations concerning the distribution of his material legacy. This is also exclusive to him and does not constitute an example for others to follow.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He said, “We are the prophet, we do not leave material legacy”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</span></span> and he distributed everything he owned. This was not meant to serve as a rule for others to follow.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Likewise, it is known that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “The gift for a believer in this world is poverty.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[8]</span></span> He was proud of his poverty. This attitude was also exclusively related to his person. It should not be thought that he was encouraging poverty. On the contrary, he also said “The hand which gives is better than the hand which receives.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[9]</span></span> In this principle, it can be said that he was encouraging people to gain wealth through legal means with the purpose of becoming one who can give.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, the regulations concerning poverty are not to encourage poverty, but to encourage one to be content with the Divine Plan, as well teaching us to rely on and submit to the will of Allah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Living in accordance with the principles of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>(divorcing the heart from this world) and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa </em>(staying away from doubtful issues) is a virtue of a great character that brings one closer to Allah. Yet, not all members of society can be forced to lead such a life; this is dependent on inherent ability and talent. In so far as all social systems explicitly and implicitly encourage cultural growth, there is no necessary conflict between cultural dynamism and spiritual integrity. Consequently, although <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd</em> and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa </em>deny the pleasures of this world, adherence to them on a communal level need not lead to a deterioration in social dynamism, where spiritually rich communities would thus be superseded by their more worldly enemies. It is a general rule that we must measure our progress on a daily basis, as is expressed in the hadith which states that “the one whose two days remain equal to each other is not of us.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</span></span> Here we see proof of the fact that this rule does not fall in contradiction with the principles of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa, </em>which are based on disinterest in mundane pleasures. This is because disinterest in the mundane life is not on the level of practical existence and appearance, but rather on a spiritual and mental level. As Jalaladdin Rumi, (may Allah keep his soul pure), said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The meaning of the mundane <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(dunya) </em>is unawareness of divine presence! It is not about money, women, or dress. Understand this well.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">From this perspective, owning property and being wealthy does not contradict <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa </em>as long as one does not become a spend thrift and give material things a place in the heart. On the other hand, little wealth and money may become idols if love of them enters the heart. From the prophets, the life of Solomon (peace be upon him) and those of the companions, Abu Bakr, Uthman, Talha and Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, may Allah be pleased with them all, are excellent examples of this balance.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Occasionally, some appearances of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa </em>and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>may be due to material necessity rather than a deep disinterest in this world. In such cases, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa </em>would be accepting poverty with joy in what was predestined by Allah. However, if instead of accepting it that way, one merely denied the existence of one’s true circumstance, it would be a misinterpretation of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa</em>. For instance, although the Prophet sometimes tied a stone to his belly to suppress the feeling of inescapable hunger, his example reveals that the best way of thanksgiving is to share freely with others. This is the most fitting form of sobriety (<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa</em>) and abstention (<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd</em>). Hiding one’s wealth and feigning stinginess as piety is a form of deception and thus can never be real.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Examined according to the measures of this perspective, it can be seen that the Prophet was the most pious of human beings. He was living as the poor because of his <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa</em>. Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Prophet Muhammad passed away without filling his stomach for two consecutive days with barley bread.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“There were times when the Prophet (peace be upon him) accepted invitations to meals consisting of barley bread and fat that was on the verge of spoiling. In his humility, he freely attended such gatherings. Moreover, he pawned his shield to a Jew. But because of his donations and gifts, he was unable to redeem it.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[13]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Nevertheless, the Prophet (peace be upon him) prohibited self-deprivation from halal food and drinks on the grounds of piety. He ate and drank what was halal. Yet, at the same time, he did not fill his stomach merely because the food was halal. Furthermore, he said to a man who was belching in his presence: “Stop belching! Those who fill their stomachs excessively in this world are the ones who will suffer hunger longer.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[14]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another hadith states that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“No one has filled a container more risky than his stomach. Indeed, a few bites are sufficient for a person to keep himself standing. If he has to eat more, he should reserve one third for food, one third for drink and one third for easy breathing.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[15]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This is the middle way in eating and drinking.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This constitutes a system of extraordinary measures aimed at controlling greed in human beings. From this perspective, the school of the Prophet (peace be upon him) educated the poor and the rich alike, including statesmen from different ranks of society, in the best way, with the best content, and their hearts gained happiness to the extent that they obeyed him. In this prophetic school, there were many rich people who lived humbly as if they were poor, and many poor people who lived gratefully before Allah as if they were rich. Many wealthy people and statesmen who worked continuously for charity were educated in that school. In Islamic history, the stories of caliphs who carried food on their backs to the poor, and cooked meals for them are well known.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[16]</span></span> The trial of Fatih Sultan Mehmed that arose from a complaint made by a Greek architect and his respect for the court’s decision in favor of the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhimmis </em>(non-Muslim subjects of the state) is just one of the manifestations of blessings and mercy for humanity arising from the Prophet’s school of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa</em>.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) defined <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>in an excellent way:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>towards this world is not making haram what is halal, nor is it abandoning wealth. But <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>towards this world is reliance on what is in the hand of Allah more than relying on what is in your hand and during a time of affliction, it is to hoping for the reward of endurance.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</span></span> In his <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd </em>and contentment, the Prophet (peace be upon him) is eternally the best example for all of humanity. <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>is what brings a splendid life and happiness to one’s heart and body by controlling excessive desires towards mundane pleasures, by not being deceived by transient worldly joys, by not letting this world occupy one’s heart, by not loving things other than Allah and his Prophet, by abandoning what takes away from worship and gives no benefit in the Hereafter. Conversely, loving this world is a disaster full of pain and anxiety that exhausts the energy of the heart and the body. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>towards this world brings comfort to the heart and body. Love of the world increases sorrow and pain…”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</span></span>Another hadith expresses the following advice: “Show disinterest towards this world and Allah will like you; show disinterest in what is in the hands of people and people will like you!…”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[19]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>is first among the measures that are recommended to take against the dangers of this world. A hadith states that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“White is not superior over black. No race is superior over another. Superiority is only through <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">taqwa</em>.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[20]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He also said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The revelation did not command me to accumulate wealth, nor to become a merchant. It was revealed to me ’to spread the glory of your Lord, to be among those who prostrate to Allah and serve him.’”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[21]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another hadith gives the following advice:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“When you stand for salat, pray as if it is your last salat. Do not say anything you will regret tomorrow. Do not desire what people heedlessly desire.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[22]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Once he was asked:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Who is the most perfect human?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He replied:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The pure ones are those who clean themselves from sin, doubt, cheating, lying and jealousy.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[23]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad was very careful about what was halal and haram. He also distanced himself from doubtful matters. Once, his grandson, Hasan, who was at that time a small child, was sitting in the masjid and watching how the dates for zakat were being distributed. Suddenly he put one of the dates in his mouth. The Prophet (peace be upon him) immediately warned him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Throw it away! Throw it away! Throw the date away! Do you not know we do not eat charity?” He made his young grandchild throw the date from his mouth to the floor.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[24]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi, (may Allah keep his soul pure), says about halal food:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Bites are like seeds. Their fruit is thought/ideas and intentions.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The food that brings you greater desire and motivation for, and pleasure from, worship and submission is halal; and the food that brings you laziness towards worship and submission to Allah and hardens your heart is haram.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Increase the number of halal bites in your life! Stay away from the haram and doubtful bites so that you can get the taste of worship and obedience to Allah and reach contentment and concentration of heart.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[25]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Allah the Most High says in the Qur’an: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Successful indeed are the believers who are humble in their prayers.” </em>(Qur’an, Mu’minun, 23/1-2)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The prevailing view in our society is that religion is a system of beliefs whose only aim is to bring happiness in the Hereafter. Yet, religion is not an institution with the sole purpose of acquiring happiness in the Hereafter; it also aims at creating an environment of tranquility and security for humans by bringing order to social life.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One night, Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was as usual, walking the streets of Medina. Suddenly, he stopped because he had unintentionally overheard a conversation between a mother and a daughter. The conversation attracted his attention. The mother was saying to her daughter:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Put some water in the milk we are selling tomorrow.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The daughter said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Mother! Have not you heard that the Caliph has forbidden diluting the milk?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The mother got angry and raised her voice:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Daughter! How do you think the Caliph will know at this hour of the night that we have diluted the milk?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The daughter, whose heart was alive with respect for God, was not comfortable with the deception her mother had proposed. She continued to object:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Mother! Let us accept that the Caliph does not see, how about Allah? Do you think He does not see either? It is easy to hide this deception from people, but it is impossible to hide it from Allah who sees and hears everything.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Allah be pleased with her. Amir al-Mu’minin, the Leader of the Believers, realized that although she was an ordinary girl, she had an exceptional God-consciousness. He wanted her to be his daughter-in-law and married her to his son. From this pure chain came Umar ibn Abdulaziz, who is considered the fifth rightly guided caliph.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This incident demonstrates that respecting the borders of halal is sufficient to bring happiness and to elevate humans to the level of perfection. In contrast, being discontent with the halal, a boundless category and getting involved in what is haram or doubtful is not appropriate for a servant. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said about doubtful matters, which are not clearly discernable, whether they are haram or not:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Leave what your heart doubts and adopt that about which it has no doubts.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[26]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, it would not be correct to misinterpret the principle by going to the extreme of staying away even from halal things, or by creating confusion about halal matters.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Islam requires balance and following the middle way in this issue, as it does in all issues. The purpose of Islam is not to impose limits on humans; on the contrary, its goal is to make them live in tranquility, happiness and stability. The secret of this is achieved by restoring the peace of the heart, from which all beauty springs. This is possible by hearing, feeling and applying the deep and refined attributes of the heart of the Prophet (peace be upon him).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was without sin. Yet he continued to pray at night until his feet were swollen and he continued to recite the Qur’an until he became exhausted. He loved, thanked, feared and remembered Allah more than anyone else.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Salat is the union of the servant with his Lord. It is going up to the divine presence. It is a source of endless pleasure for the lovers of Allah. Servants perform voluntary worship with the purpose of maintaining the pleasure of worship.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">There is submission in the salat. This is the reason why the ego dislikes it. Only this characteristic is sufficient to show that Islam is a true religion and that salat is the highest form of worship.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Those who are overcome by their ego do not approach salat, while those who cannot pass the obstacle of their ego stick to the form of salat. The real salat is a blessing given to only a few people.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah expressed this truth as follows: “Two people may make salat in the same place, but the difference between them is like the difference between the Earth and the sky.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[27]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The fast of the Light of Existence is also an excellent example for his community, the Ummah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad for the most part began fasting when he was hungry. Sometimes he fasted for consecutive days without a meal at night. When his companions also wanted to do the same, he said to them:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“You have no power to do it the way I do.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[28]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father, narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to spend a few consecutive nights hungry, while his household, also, could not find anything to eat. Even when they ate, their meal was only barley bread.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[29]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that one day our Mother Fatimah brought some bread she had cooked to the Prophet (peace be upon him). He asked:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“What is this?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Fatimah replied:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A nice kind of bread I cooked, I could not eat without offering some to you.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Pride of the World said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“This is the first bite your father will have had for the last three days.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Abu Hurayra, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) at times, used to tie a stone to his belly to suppress the feeling of hunger.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[30]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The high value of fasting comes from its purpose, which is the struggle against the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“nafs”</em> and controlling it with a continuous feeling of worship.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The pilgrimage is, on the other hand, intended to give a lesson in <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tawakkul</em>, reliance on the God of Abraham and Ishmael (peace be on them), to stone the internal enemy, which is called “nafs”, and the external enemy, which is called <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“shaytan”</em>; to leave behind all class differences by dressing in a shroud-like cloth and seeking refuge in the Creator; to be thrilled by becoming aware of the frightful scene of the Day of Resurrection, to bring together foreign communities of Muslims from afar; and to establish a brotherhood of faith.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">What an excellent example is the Farewell Pilgrimage and Sermon of the Prophet (peace be upon him) for the pilgrimages his community will make up until the Last Day!</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In his Last Sermon, the Prophet (peace be upon him) made a “distribution of love”. The major lines of the rights between Muslims were outlined by “the cement of love”.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The rituals of the pilgrimage turn one’s eyes to the spiritual life; this refined worship is full of manifestations of love, which is tender and merciful, such as the prohibition of hunting, of picking a green leaf or of hurting a creature of Allah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, gave up kissing the Black Stone, al-Hagar al-Aswad as he was concerned about disturbing other Muslims.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">These deeds and states of mind during the pilgrimage bring one face to face with self-questioning and are reflected in the future lives of the people involved. The only goal of all these activities is to grow closer to Allah, the Most High.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The sacred places where the pilgrimage is performed are the spiritual environs of a sublime world.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Arafat is a place of forgiveness and refuge.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Muzdalifa is the place of the manifestation of mercy, a place mentioned in the Qur’an as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mash’ar al-Haram</em>.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[31]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Mina is a place of submission to and reliance on Allah where Abraham, Ishmael, and our mother Hagar triumphed over <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shaytan</em>.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Ka’bah is the direction in which we face for salat, which was ordered by Allah, the Most High, in the Qur’an: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“But prostrate thyself, and draw near (unto Allah).” </em>(Qur’an, Alaq, 96/19) At the same time, it is the point to which all Muslims around the world turn their face in salat. That is, it is the place where the pulse of the Muslim world is felt.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The City of the Prophet (peace be upon him), which we visit after Mecca, is a place where the heart reaches high levels after being ornamented with the designs of love. The Prophet (peace be upon him) is the only one who was addressed by Allah as “beloved”.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Imam Malik, the place housing the grave of the Prophet is one of the most blessed places in the world after the Ka’bah. This is because he was the guide of all humanity.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This blessed land has been nourished by the spirituality of the faithful since the time of Adam and is watered by their tears. These places, which have been the fountains of the inspirations of the prophets, are full of invaluable memories in the history of the prophets.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Briefly put, the performance of Hajj is a comprehensive worship, which as an obligation leads a person to the perfection of religion.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Hajj is a worship through which one’s soul regains tranquility, original climate, color and identity. It is full of spiritual manifestations where the heart becomes cleansed and purified by the rain of spiritual blessings and reaches it’s the truth.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakat is a religious tax imposed on those who own enough to make it necessary for them to give to the needy. This is necessary to make the remaining wealth halal for the owner. Wealth is gradually transferred in parts to the needy in society. This distribution of wealth allows for the establishment of social balance, justice and harmony.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">What is taken into consideration in zakat is not one’s annual income, but one’s accumulated wealth. Consequently, any money or goods not used in investment will gradually vanish. In this way Islam provides an impetus for society to mobilize all the wealth from property and finance.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The wisdom behind <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zakat</em> and charity is to provide an effective solution to the endless growth of personal wealth that may eventually become a chronic tumor. <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakat</em> is a means by which the relationship of sincerity and love grows between the one who gives <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zakat </em>and the one who receives it. In other words, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zakat </em>is the right of the poor on the wealthy, a situation that strengthens mutual love. In the Qur’an, this is described as follows:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“And in their wealth and possessions (was remembered) the right of the (needy,) him who asked, and him who (for some reason) was prevented (from asking).” </em>(Qur’an, Zariyat, 51/19)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab (Islamic etiquette) is very important. The one who gives must feel thankful to the one who takes because the needy allow the rich to fulfill an obligatory worship and to gain rewards from Allah. Charity given for the sake of Allah is at the same time a shelter against illnesses and other troubles. The Qur’an draws our attention to the importance of giving <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zakat </em>and charity by stating that, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“He receives their gifts of charity.” </em>(Tawba, 104) Similarly, a hadith also declares, “Charity reaches first the hand of Allah, then the hand of the poor.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[32]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When giving charity, it is essential to avoid arrogance, conceit, disdain, and showing off. Otherwise, what is given will not reach the hand of Allah, but instead will be wasted in the hands of transient beings and eventually nothing would reach the Next World. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) led an exemplary life with respect to abstention from worldly pleasures and with respect to giving charity. Our Mother Aishah said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Two dishes never entered at the same time the stomach of the Messenger of Allah in one day. When he ate meat, he did not eat anything else. Likewise, when he ate dates or bread, he did not add anything to them.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[33]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Nadr narrates the following:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I heard that Our Mother Aishah said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘One day we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah. My father, Abu Bakr, offered us a leg of lamb. In the darkness of the night, we were trying to cut the meat. One said: ‘Do you not have a candle or light?’ I said: ‘If we had oil, we would have eaten it.’<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[34]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) loved very much to give charity. Once he said to Bilal:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Bilal! Give to charity! Do not be afraid that the owner of the Throne will decrease your wealth because of giving charity.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[35]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was never interested in accumulating wealth. This was because he had made the intention to pass his life as a “servant prophet”, as is explained in the following hadith:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I was given the choice between being a servant prophet or a king prophet. The Archangel hinted to me to keep myself humble. Therefore, I chose to be a servant prophet and expressed my wish “to be one day satiated and one day hungry.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[36]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) refused to enter the house of his daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) because she had decorated her home, and he said to her:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“It would not be appropriate for us to enter decorated places.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[37]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did not praise himself because of the highly pious life he was leading. He used to count the blessings of Allah on him while showing extreme humility by saying “<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">la fakhr</em>”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[38]</span></span>, (no pride).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Humility of the Prophet of Mercy</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Extreme praise and appreciation by others usually leads one to arrogance. These two situations corrupt and spoil most people. Although Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the best of humanity and praised by Allah, he made the following request of his companions:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Call me ‘the servant and messenger of Allah’.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[39]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘The speech of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was derived from the Qur’an. He continuously made <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhikr </em>and kept his speeches short while keeping his <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salat </em>long. He never felt ashamed of walking along with a poor or needy person; on the contrary, he took pleasure from doing so.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[40]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Prophet (peace be upon him) made <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhikr</em> very often. He joked very little. He rode a donkey, wore cloth made of rough wool, accepted the invitations of the slaves, visited the ill and attended funeral services. You should have seen him on the day the castle of Khaibar was conquered, when he was riding a donkey with a halter made of date leaves. The more God blessed him with triumph, the more humble and grateful he became.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[41]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated the following:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A man came into the presence of the Prophet (peace be upon him) on the day Mecca was conquered. The man started shaking as he saw the spiritual and physical grandeur of the Prophet, (peace be upon him). When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw him in that position, he said to the man with a soft voice:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Relax, do not feel distressed! I am not a king. I am the son of a woman from the tribe of Quraysh who used to eat sun-dried meat.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[42]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Amir ibn Rabi’a (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“One day, I was going to the mosque with the Prophet. The lace of his shoe broke on the way. I wanted to take it to repair it. The Messenger of Allah refused to give it to me and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘This is self-preference (that is keeping oneself above others), I dislike self-preference’.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[43]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave guidance to all of humanity so that they could attain eternal happiness. This was a gift from him, because he did not ask anything in return for the great service he had provided to others.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of religion is to raise good, refined humans, with deep understanding and feeling. This happens through developing a consciousness of the worship of Allah. This maturity is reached through the excitement that takes place in the heart as described in the following verse:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“For, Believers are those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a tremor in their hearts, and when they hear His revelation rehearsed, find their faith strengthened, and put (all) their trust in their Lord.” </em>(Qur’an, Anfal, 8/2)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Arabic word for human is <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“insan”</em> which is related to <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“nisyan”</em> (forgetting) and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“uns”</em> (friendship). The opposite of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“nisyan”</em> is <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“dhikr”</em> (remembrance), which is repeated in the Qur’an more than 250 times. If the essence of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhikr </em>is established at the center of the heart, this heart begins to know and worship Allah. Lovers never forget their beloveds.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">They always keep them in their hearts and on their tongues. The hearts that desire to enjoy a faithful life maintain ceaseless <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhikr</em>. They are immersed in thoughts about the creation of the Earth and the skies by Allah while they are walking, sitting or lying down, as illustrated in the following Qur’anic verse:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Men who remember Allah standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and contemplate the (wonders) of creation in the heavens and the earth, (by saying): ‘Our Lord not for naught hast thou created (all) this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the Chastisement of the Fire’.” </em>(Qur’an, Ali Imran, 3/191)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A heart without such depth and refinement would not desire Allah the Most High as described in the verse below:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Woe to those whose hearts are hardened against the remembrance.” </em>(Qur’an, Zumar, 39/22) This verse indicates that the humans who fall away from <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dhikr</em> lose the honor of being human.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Humans carry the quality of being worshipers. So, they either worship material things and interests or their Lord. To worship the Lord protects humans from becoming slaves to personal interests and material things.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Allah, the Most High, warns against this in the following verse:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Hast thou seen him who maketh his desire his god?” </em>(Qur’an, Jathiya, 45/23)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Nourishing long term desires and plans in one’s mind to be realized in the distant future, plans that belong exclusively to this world and not to the next world, will lead one to a bitter end. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Be aware! Do not let your desires and future plans increase to such a degree that they make you forget your death! Otherwise your hearts get hardened. Open your eyes! What is going to come is very near!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[44]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Salman al-Farisi who benefited greatly from the advice of the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Three things make me laugh while three things make me cry.” He explained that one of the things that surprised him and made him laugh was the person who makes long-term plans although death is awaiting him.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him), also said: “Even though all the powers of an aged person weaken, his greed and desires concerning the distant future <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(tul al-amal) </em>remain ever young.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[45]</span></span> The above hadith illustrates that greed and desires for the distant future are two handicaps from which no human heart is saved. Even if bodies weaken and age, humans desire to remain young, because their souls have the quality of immortality. Consequently, humans always want to remain young and regret losing their youth as they get old. As a result, they are enslaved by an endless greed.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As is the case of dry soil soaking up the rainwater that falls on it, the human ego aims to absorb all worldly pleasures in itself. However, humans do not return the favor, as the earth does to the rain by producing fruit. In their failure to return the fruit of charity their hearts are hardened for lack of integrity and slavery to earthly interests.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of bad qualities in creation is to facilitate the testing of humans. For this reason, the verse below in the Qur’an states, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“By the Soul, and the proportion and order given to it; and its inspiration as to its wrong and its rights; truly he succeeds that purifies it, and he fails that corrupts it.” </em>(Qur’an, Shams, 91/7-10)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The high rank of humans, who have been created with incomprehensible complexity and immeasurable depth, is realized by obeying Allah alone and by spending their lives protecting their hearts from evil.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The raid of Tabuk was full of challenges. The companions traveled hundreds of kilometers and turned back home. As they approached Medina, even their appearance began to change because of hunger; their skin stuck to their bones, their hair and beard had become unruly. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “Now, we are going from a small war to a big war!..” The companions asked with great surprise: “O the Messenger of Allah! Is there a war more difficult than the one we just had?” Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “Now we are returning to the Great War (the war against ego, nafs)…”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[46]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The war against the ego is taught through the education and the training of the heart. The purpose of this war is to elevate morality and help humans to reach the level of perfection; <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-insan al-kamil.</em></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This secret can only be unveiled through the truth emanating from Muhammad (peace be upon him). If a human cannot discover the reason behind the creation of this world, it will swallow him. The one who is unaware of the reason why they have come to this world leads a life without knowing the sacred structure of humans. Nor will he comprehend the divine purpose in the creation of humanity. He will fail to comprehend what it means to be a vicegerent of Allah on tehe Earth. Yet those who strive to become a vicegerent of Allah on the Earth will become the seeing eye of the Lord and his hearing ear.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[47]</span></span>Their aim in life is union with Allah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In this world, some things may not be able to be explained completely by the human intellect alone. Even our words of explanation need to be explained by other words. While trying to explain what is inexplicable through vague means, are we not forgetting that the most inexplicable reality transcending the reach of the intellect is in fact Allah? Allah is the only and the absolute explanation of this world. We can know him only to the extent that we gain love and wisdom, and only to the extent that we submit.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The intellect is limited. We can only have access beyond the limit of the intellect, where the secrets of the world lie, through the heart. Abraham (peace be upon him) expressed this as follows. He said: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I have surrendered to the Lord of the Worlds.” </em>(Qur’an, Baqara, 2/131)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Imam Ghazzali related his experience concerning this question as follows: “I stretched my intellect to such an extent that it was about to snap. I came to realize that it is limited. It cannot go to the ultimate point alone. I experienced a kind of insanity and I almost lost my mind. Eventually, I sought refuge in the spiritual blessing of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Everything became clear. I discovered the secret and was saved.”’<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[48]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Likewise, Abraham (peace be upon him) also said: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I will go to my Lord! He will surely guide me!” </em>(Qur’an, Saffat, 37/99)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi also explained the limit of reason as follows: “Reason takes the patient to the doctor. After that, one needs to submit to the doctor.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[49]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In brief, what we are saying here is that the secrets of the Prophets are beyond the comprehension of human reason.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Courtesy, Compassion and Altruism in the Life of the Prophet of Mercy</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to the reports of countless numbers of the companions, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the best of all humans in morality andcourtesy. He was always smiling. There was a shining brightness and light that emanated from his face.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had such a refined heart that one day when he saw a man spit on the ground, his blessed face became red and he stooped. The companions rushed and covered the spit. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) continued on his way.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stated that clean dress is an indication of a Muslim’s high value in the presence of Allah. He advised wearing white. He preferred a white colored shroud. This is because, he explained, it is cleaner, more beautiful and more blessed. The Messenger of Allah, who ordered tidy dress and disliked unruly clothes, did not approve of untrimmed hair and beards either. For instance, once a man with his hair and beard untrimmed and uncombed came to the Mosque of the Prophet. By pointing with his hand, he gave the man the message to take care of his beard and hair. The man did so and the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Is not this look nicer than the look of one like the devil with messy hair and beard?”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[50]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw another man with messy hair and beard. In surprise, he asked: “Why does this man not wash and comb his hair?”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[51]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Umar ibn Hattab (may Allah be pleased with him) related that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A rude Bedouin called on Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) three times. Each time, the Prophet (peace be upon him) remained courteous to him despite his rudeness and responded to him by saying, ‘welcome, please’.’”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[52]</span></span> He was extremely disturbed by messy appearances because of the sensitiveness and depth of his soul.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another time, he said to a man who came to him dressed untidily:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Do you have money? What is your financial situation?” When the man told him that he was well off, he said to the man: “If Allah gave you wealth, let its signs appear on you!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[53]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In another hadith, he said: “Allah is pleased by seeing the signs of wealth he has given to his servant.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[54]</span></span> These incidents illustrate beautifully how purity of heart and external aesthetics complement each other in Islam.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">To protect oneself from arrogance and showing off, a Muslim who wears new clothes must be aware that this is a gift from Allah and pray in the manner the Prophet (peace be upon him) did:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I thank Allah who dressed me in these clothes even though I had no power to do so. O Allah! I ask for abundant blessings through this dress and the work I do while dressed in it. I seek refuge in you from the evil of this dress and the evil work which may done in it…”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[55]</span></span> By praying so, the Prophet (peace be upon him) expressed his wish to use everything in the path of Allah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) warned against hellfire by explaining that those who dress up with an arrogant, to show off and for self-love will wear a dress of shame on the last day.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdullah ibn Amr, (may Allah be pleased with him), narrated that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) never used the bad expressions commonly used in daily language. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “the little matters of courtesy that look easy to you, those which you take lightly, will be very important on the Day of Judgment”.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[56]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Once Abu Dharr al-Ghifari called Bilal “the son of a black woman.” When the Prophet (peace be upon him) heard that, he said to Abu Dharr al-Ghifari: “O Abu Dharr! You are indeed someone who is still carrying traces of the time of ignorance, the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jahliyya</em>.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[57]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) served his guests personally, out of courtesy. He did not violate the rules of courtesy even when he was a child. He was known for his compassion and closeness to the needy, the orphans, the widows and the people who had no relatives to assist them.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[58]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I served Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for ten years. He never reprimanded me by asking, ‘Why did you do that?’ when I made mistakes.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[59]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His mercy reached even the captives of war. He ordered their good treatment.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The mercy of the Prophet (peace be upon him) encompassed all creatures. When he saw a child, happiness covered his face and he took the children of his companions in his arms and patted them. He never failed to greet the children, showed them affection and joking with them. Once he saw a group of children who were racing. He joined them and raced with them.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He, who was sent as a mercy to the worlds, took children on his camel when he came across them on the way and paid attention to them. Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) described his conduct as follows: “I have not seen anyone who respected the rights of his family and children more than the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[60]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that once, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was playing with his grandchildren. A Bedouin came in. The Bedouin was surprised when he saw the scene. He asked: “O Messenger of Allah! Do you kiss the children? We never kiss our children. Nor do we play with them.” Our Guide (peace be upon him) said to him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“If Allah has removed the compassion and mercy from your heart, what can I do for you?”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[61]</span></span> This expression illustrates best the position of Islam on the treatment of children.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad put Zayd’s son Usamah, and his grandson, Hasan, on his knees and while hugging them, he said: “O my Lord! Give mercy and happiness to these! Because I wish happiness and mercy for them.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[62]</span></span> He also prohibited cursing children. These are some of the signs of his endless mercy for children.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">If a baby cried while his/her mother was praying, he permitted the mother to shorten her salat in order to prevent the child from crying until she returned.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[63]</span></span> He prayed all night long, shedding tears for his community, the Ummah.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[64]</span></span>He sacrificed all his life to save humanity from the hellfire.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[65]</span></span> These are some indications of his deep mercy.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His Exemplary Conduct with People</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was the perfect example to follow, not only with his words, but more importantly, with his actions. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was a perfect example for people in all walks of life. He treated everyone with respect. His mercy, which encompassed all creatures, was endless. He did not withhold his tenderness or generous conduct, even from non-Muslims.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Jabir ibn Abdullah narrated, “One day, people were carrying a corpse. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood up. We also did so. Later, we said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“</em>OMessenger of Allah! It was the corpse of a Jew!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He responded:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Is he not also a human?”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[66]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He had a divine mercy, a manifestation of the divine name <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Rahman,</em> who embraced the whole world. His life was an embodiment of the principle “love creatures for the sake of the Creator.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, the companions, as a result of pressures put on them by non-Muslims, asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) to make a prayer condemning the enemies of Islam. In response, the Prophet said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I did not come for condemnation; I came as a mercy.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[67]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The prayer he made against his fiercest enemies was as follows: “O my Lord! They know not! Give them guidance!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[68]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdullah Ibn Ubayy was the secret chief of the hypocrites in Medina. He betrayed the Prophet (peace be upon him) on a very critical day by leaving the Muslim army with his followers on the way to the battle of Uhud. Also, he betrayed the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the community of believers on many other occasions.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As a result of hidden divine wisdom, Abdullah’s son, unlike his father, was a most sincere believer. When Abdullah ibn Ubayy died, his son came to the Prophet and asked for his shirt to wrap his father’s corpse in, with the hope that he might receive some blessing from it. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not break the heart of his companion and gave him his shirt to be used in covering the corpse of a hypocrite who had also been a protagonist in the incident of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ifk</em> where the blessed wife of the Prophet, Aishah was slandered.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[69]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Is it possible to find a parallel example of humanity and kindness in world history?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the most excellent example of mercy. Once in <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salat,</em> he heard a Bedouin praying, “O my Lord! Bless Muhammad and me alone, but not others!” After the salat, the Prophet said to him: “You are narrowing that which is great.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[70]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) was not a human being who belonged exclusively to his time and the people living around him. He stood at a point where he could unite all of humanity under the banner of love, mercy and happiness, by merging them in the light of Islam and by transforming the environment of hardened hearts, of bigotry and of racism. The success he showed in this regard is the brightest page of human history.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">From this perspective, he became the best educator for all of humanity as a consequence of the blessed divine education he had received. The oppressors, who buried their daughters alive and treated their slaves in a merciless way, found guidance under the dome of his mercy. This education was so effective that some of these people gained enough integrity and virtue to become the most distinguished people in the world.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) assisted all people without discrimination and according to their needs. The following incident reflects this.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day a Bedouin came to him for help. He gave him everything he had with him, and asked: “Does this satisfy you?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Bedouin, who had little courtesy, said: “No! You did not give me enough!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then, some of the companions got angry with him because of his rudeness and wanted to reprimand him. The Prophet (peace be upon him), however, stopped them from doing so. He took the Bedouin with him and went to his home. He gave some more charity to the Bedouin and asked:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Could this please you?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Bedouin was happy this time. He said: “Yes! May Allah give you abundant blessings on behalf of me, my family and my relatives!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then, the Prophet (peace be upon him), wanting to remove the negative feeling between the Bedouin and his companions, said to him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“You said what you said in the beginning because you thought what we gave was too little for you. For this reason, my companions may have developed some negative feelings towards you. When we return to them, repeat what you just said so that the negative feelings in their hearts will vanish.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When they came back to the place where the companions were, the Bedouin turned to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said to him: “May Allah give you abundant blessings on behalf of me, my family and my relatives!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">After the Bedouin left, the Prophet (peace be upon him) turned to his companions and said to them: “The incident which has taken place between me and this Bedouin resembles that of the person who had a camel that escaped. When a crowd of people ran after the camel to catch it, it became more frightened. Then the owner of the camel called the crowd: “Please leave me and my camel alone! I know it better than you and I treat it better than you do.” He walked alone towards his camel. He collected some dates from the ground and gave them to the camel. The camel came to him and followed him. He put the packsaddle on the camel, mounted it and left riding it. Similarly, if I had listened to you when the Bedouin said what he said, the miserable Bedouin would have gone to the hellfire.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[71]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This statement is important with respect to the messages it contains regarding human education. It is necessary to take the psychology of human beings into consideration. Then the paths leading to the heart of the person can be discovered.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One should try to reach his goal by proceeding along these paths. Otherwise, one’s attempt to educate will be counterproductive and increase any pre-existing adversity.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another lesson we may learn from this incident is as follows: humans are overcome by kindness and generosity because they have been created weak. The person who is treated generously becomes less of an enemy if they are already an enemy; if they are neither an enemy or a friend then they become a friend; if they are already a friend, then they become a closer friend.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Our ancestors said: “The hospitality of even a cup of coffee is remembered with gratitude for forty years.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Courtesy of the Prophet of Mercy towards the Needy</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) behaved with compassion towards the needy in order to compensate for their shortage of material wealth. Abdullah ibn Amr narrated the following story:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“One day, the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to the masjid. The poor were sitting to one side. He went and sat among them to honor them. He chatted with them and said: ‘Good tidings to the poor Immigrants! They will enter the gardens of Paradise forty years earlier than the rich. The reckoning of the poor on the Day of Judgment will end sooner than that of the rich because they do not have money and property’.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[72]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Frequently, The Prophet (peace be upon him) made the following prayer because of his concern about the heavy responsibility of reckoning in the Hereafter:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Omy Lord! Make me live as the poor. Let me die as the poor. Resurrect me among the poor.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[73]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">All Prophets will go the Paradise. Yet, each one will be questioned about the bountiful blessings given to them and the message they were entrusted to convey to their communities. The following verse from the Qur’an explains that everyone, including the Prophets, will be questioned: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Then shall we question those to whom Our Message was sent and those to whom we sent it.” </em>(Qur’an, Araf, 7/6)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">For instance, the Prophet Solomon (peace be upon him) will enter Paradise after all the other Prophets because he was given wealth and kingship; as a consequence his questioning will be longer.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">There were the rich among the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) as well. They gained the praise of the Prophet by not sparing their wealth or lives in the path of Allah. Furthermore, Allah also gave them good tidings in the following verse: <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Allah hath purchased of the Believers their person and their goods; for theirs (in return) is the Garden (of Paradise): They fight in His cause, and slay and are slain: A promise binding on Him in Truth, through the Torah, the Gospel, and the Qur’an: And who is more faithful to his covenant than Allah? Then rejoice in the bargain which ye have concluded; that is the achievement supreme.” </em>(Qur’an, Tawba, 9/111)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the wealthy was the closest friend of the Prophet, Abu Bakr, who, despite his wealth, led a most humble life. He was described by Allah in the Qur’an as the “second of the two.” He occupied a respected place among the tradesmen of the Quraysh. According to Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), he also did not leave a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dirham</em> (silver money) nor a <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dinar</em> (gold money) when he passed away. He bequeathed only a camel and a slave who knew how to make swords. In his will to his daughter, he stressed that this slave was to be given to Umar, the next Caliph after him. He used his wealth in the most beneficial way, by putting it in the service of the Messenger of Allah, spending his money in the Cause of Truth. Particularly, in the first years of Islam, which was the most challenging time, he purchased and freed Muslim slaves who were being tortured by their disbelieving owners for accepting Islam.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His wealth did not prevent him from abstention, or <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zuhd,</em> from worldly pleasures. On the contrary, by using his wealth appropriately, he became one of the prime examples of how to lead a life of abstention in spite of one’s wealth. For this reason, the Messenger of Allah showed regard for his wealth and said about him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“We paid back all the favors we received from the people except those from Abu Bakr. The place of his favor to us is so huge that Allah will reward him for that on the Day of Judgment. I did not benefit from the wealth of anyone more than the wealth of Abu Bakr. If I were to choose an intimate friend, I would choose Abu Bakr.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[74]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Humans are equal like the teeth of a comb with the exception of piety, where they differ.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[75]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The blessed companions once had been divided along tribal lines, for racial reasons, as master and slave, and as rich and poor. They had been fragmented into classes and had been ready to shed each other’s blood. Yet, after they were honored by accepting Islam, they lived in a climate of legendary brotherhood under the abundant blessing of the sublime principle stated in this hadith.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following incident will make this situation clearer. After conquering Mecca, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) decided to attack Byzantium for a second time. He assigned Zayd’s son, Usamah, as the commander of the army. Usamah was only twenty-one years old and the son of a freed slave. The departure of the army was delayed because of the demise of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Yet the new Caliph, Abu Bakr, ordered the army to proceed as planned by the Prophet before his departure from this world. Some of the great companions of the Prophet and some of the nobility of the Quraysh walked behind this young commander, a twenty-year boy. Even Abu Bakr, in spite of being the Caliph, accompanied him until the end of Medina, and strikingly, on foot. Usamah got off his horse and invited Abu Bakr to ride it. Yet, he responded as follows:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> “O Usamah! The Messenger of Allah assigned you. Let my feet gain some dust in the path of Allah!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[76]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As we see, those who were gifted by the divine honor of being raised at the blessed hands of the Prophet (peace be upon him) were never discriminated against with such titles as slave, poor, rich, master, young, old, etc. These terms were rejected and instead any believer was free to ascend to a high level, dependent only on his sincerity and spiritual merit.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ma’rur ibn Suwayd told the following story:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I saw Abu Dharr with a new garment. His slave was also dressed the same way. I asked him the reason. He related that the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Slaves are your brothers entrusted by Allah to your service. If one of you has his brother under his service, let him feed his brother from his own food, and dress him from his own kind. Do not give him responsibility for things beyond his power. If you do so, help them.’ “<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[77]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, the Messenger of Allah, remembered a black slave and asked about him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“What has happened to that person? I have not seen him for a while.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“He died, O Messenger of Allah,” they responded. The Prophet (peace be upon him) reprimanded them: “Why didn’t you let me know?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The companions then told him what had happened to that slave. They had not considered the incident very important and thought it was a usual event. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Show me his grave!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then he went to his grave and prayed the funeral prayer.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[78]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took a special pleasure from freeing slaves and elevating them to the level of other people. The best example of this was his relationship with Zayd ibn Haritha, who was a gift to him from our blessed mother, Khadija. He freed Zayd and gave him the right to choose between him and his parents. Zayd chose the Prophet (peace be upon him) though he was passing through a difficult time, facing torture and negative propaganda of the Quraysh against him. Later, this companion reached so high a level among the companions that the Prophet (peace be upon him) assigned him as the commander of the army in the war of Tabuk against the Byzantines. He reached the level of martyr in this war and bequeathed to the following generations a brilliant life, like a star.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[79]</span></span> Briefly put, his life was like the life of Prophet Joseph (peace be upon him) who was elevated from slavery to kingship.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah never agreed with the abuse of slaves. He said that:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Those who abuse their slaves cannot enter Paradise.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[80]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The mercy of the Prophet (peace be upon him) toward the slaves reached such a level that he refused to refer to them as “slave” or “maid”, instead he advised and commanded Muslims to refer to them as “my son” or “my daughter”.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[81]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He himself used to go among the slaves, talk to them, visit those who were ill among them, accept their invitations, and attend their funeral services.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Davud relates that the following were the last words of the Prophet (peace be upon him): “Pay great attention to salat! Fear Allah for the slaves you own!” (Abu Davud, Adab, 124)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">All of the companions aimed to completely internalize the perfect manners of the Prophet. The following incident reflects the feelings of loyalty and generosity Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had. Aslam, one of the companions, related:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“One day, I went to the market place with Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). A young woman approached Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from behind and said to him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Oh, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Amir</em> of the Believers! My husband died and left some children. By God, they cannot do anything. They cannot even take care of themselves. They have no land to cultivate, nor an animal to milk. I am afraid that poverty and hunger will finish their life like a wild animal. I am the daughter of Huffaf ibn Ayma al-Ghifari. My father was present at the Hudaybiya Agreement…’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) heard these words, he said: ‘Such a great honor!’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then he went to the place where the animals donated as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zakat</em> were kept. He loaded two huge sacks of food onto a sturdy camel. Between these two sacks, he put more food and some clothes. He put the halter of the camel in the woman’s hand and said to her:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Take the camel. Before you finish all this, Allah will open a door of blessing for you.’ He prayed for her.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the people near him said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Oh, Amir of Believers! You gave too much to that woman!’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Umar responded by saying:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Her father was present at the Hudaybiya with the Prophet (peace be upon him). By God, I witnessed myself that the father and brother of this woman laid siege to a castle and conquered it. When they conquered the castle, we also got our share from the bounty.’<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[82]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following incident is a ray of light reflecting the nature of the heart of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">From the companions, Aslam narrated that “One night we were walking for inspection on the hill of <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Waqim</em> in Medina. We saw a woman with children in a house. The children were crying. There was a bowl filled with water in the fireplace. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the woman why the children were crying. She said: ‘Out of hunger’.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Umar’s eyes became full of tears when he learned that instead of soup there was nothing boiling in the water except stones. This was a trick the woman had devised to cheat the children so they would sleep. He immediately went to the storage house where the charity was stored. He personally filled a big sack with flour and carried it on his own shoulders to the family. I wanted to shoulder the sack, but he refused by saying,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Oh, Aslam! I will carry it. I will be asked about these children in the Hereafter.’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When we went to the home of the woman, he also undertook the cooking. He was on the one hand blowing the fire and on the other stirring the soup. I even saw that the smoke reached to his beard. This way, he cooked the food. Then he served the food to children. When the children became full he sat across from them. He was awesome, like a lion. I was afraid to say anything. He stayed until the children started laughing and playing.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then he stood up and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Oh, Aslam! Do you know why I sat across from them? When I saw them they were crying. I did not want to leave them before seeing them laugh. When I saw them laugh, I felt comfortable.’ We should remember that grateful, humble, and generous rich people, who act in accordance with the needs of humanity, are honored equally by Allah as the patient poor people, who act with dignity. Generosity and mercy lead people to happiness in the Hereafter by protecting them from the difficulties of this world. Likewise, good tidings are awaiting those who spiritually carry the pain of patience.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following hadith illustrates very well how to practice gratefulness and patience; these must be applied in various arenas of life in order to reach perfection of heart.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I admire a believer whose entire activity consists of good behavior. Such a quality does not exist except with the Believer. He shows gratefulness when he receives a blessing from Allah, which is good for him. Likewise, if a difficulty reaches him, he shows patience, which is also good for him.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[83]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, when the Prophet (peace be upon him) was sitting in Medina, members of a miserable tribe came. They had no shoes. Their skin stuck to their bones because of hunger. The Prophet (peace be upon him) became very sad upon seeing their condition and his color changed. He had Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) call the adhan and gathered his companions. From his companions, he took up a collection for the tribe, generously helping them.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[84]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In a society one will intrinsically find poor, rich and middle class people. Both in the verses of the Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him), one may find Islamic principles concerning the relationship of these groups. The patient poor and the grateful rich are two groups praised by Allah and the Prophet (peace be upon him).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of the rich is to give in charity of what Allah has given to them and, for the poor, to show patience in the best way for what Allah has deprived them of. Abdurrahman ibn Awf, Abu Bakr and people like them serve as the best examples of the grateful rich. Likewise, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Abu al-Darda and people like them are the examples of the patient poor. The life styles of both groups were more or less the same because their views of life were defined by the principle that “all property belongs to Allah.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">For this reason, Islam does not criticize the righteous poor nor the rich, but it gives good tidings of gaining paradise by remaining thankful to Allah.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Because there are the disadvantaged, Allah provides sustenance and blessings to His community. For the sake of the poor, Allah helps the community in abundance. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said regarding this issue:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Allah helps this community for the sake of the prayers of the weak, their <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salat </em>and their sincerity.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[85]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Based on this reality, the Messenger of Allah began wars with the prayers of poor Muslims because he expected triumph as a result of their sincerity. When he saw the needy situation of the People of Suffa, he said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“If you had known what is prepared in the presence of Allah for you, you would wish for the increase of your deprivation.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[86]</span></span> He praised them and demonstrated the importance he assigned to poverty.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, taking into consideration the financial hardship Muslims were in, he said: “A human has no right to more than a house to give him shelter, bread to feed himself, a cloth to cover his private parts and some water to drink.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[87]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He also stated that the first to drink from the river of Kawthar in the Hereafter will be the poor and Allah loves those who exercise patience and who have reliance on Allah, despite their poverty.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[88]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore, Prophet Muhammad stated, “There are many people among you with untidy hair and beards and poor appearance. Yet, if they pray, Allah accepts their prayers and will not turn them down. Bara ibn Malik is one of them.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[89]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Bara, who was the brother of Anas, had no place to stay, nor any food to eat. His food was barely sufficient to keep him alive. Those people who accept poverty with happiness are among those whose prayers Allah accepts. The companions who knew what the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said about Bara, asked Bara to make a special prayer for them as they were about to lose a war during the reign of Umar. He made a prayer and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“By God! Tomorrow you will be given triumph and I will be martyred!…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Indeed, the next day Muslims triumphed and Bara received the mercy of the Most Merciful Allah, al-Rahman, by becoming a martyr, something for which he had longed for a long time. Thus, we can see yet one more miracle of the Prophet (peace be upon him).<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[90]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The life of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is full of miracles, honesty, trustworthiness, loyalty, tenderness, compassion and courtesy. He said to his wife Aishah:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Aishah! Show compassion to the poor! Keep them near to you so that Allah also keeps you near to him on the Day of Judgment!…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He advised her as follows:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Aishah! Never turn away a beggar empty-handed from your door; protect yourself from the Hellfire even with half a date!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[91]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Gradual Education of the People by the Prophet</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Islam is an evolving system. Consequently, it does not require rejection of previous good institutional examples; instead it develops their positive aspects and reforms their negative aspects. It sees no harm in preserving positive aspects of the past based on clearly set criteria. Using these criteria, it tries to revive an institution rather than throwing it away.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Only those who are confident in themselves and their cause can gradually implement changes that will be rapidly integrated and which usually transform the social order. This type of gradual approach does not immediately overburden societies. As a result, possible negative reactions are forestalled. The best example of this approach is the way Islam reformed slavery. Islam transformed the institution of slavery and made it only a nominal identity. Islam had framed the institution of slavery within virtuous principles in such a way that would eventually lead to its annihilation.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Islam preserved slavery in name only and only for a temporary period of time, with an aim to ending it. Thus, to accuse Islam of defending slavery is a result of ignorance and bigotry. In classical Islamic law, for the atonement of some sins, freeing a slave was required. Having set this principle, Islam elevated the slaves from being mere tools in the hands of their owners. There was left little difference between a free man and a slave. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was the first to apply the principle of sharing the same food and the same cloth with one’s slave. The institution of slavery, which used to be an institution of oppression, lost this quality as Islam emphasized respect for the rights of all people.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered the owner of the slaves to educate them and to help them get married after freeing them. He warned that those who mistreated their slaves would not be able to enter Paradise.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He encouraged the freeing of slaves and said that this was a great form of worship. One day, he witnessed that Abu Dharr had treated his slave harshly without being aware of it. He became very sad and asked Abu Dharr:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Abu Dharr! Do you still carry the traces of the time of ignorance before the coming of true religion?” He continued by saying: “Don’t treat the creatures of Allah harshly! If they do not fit your temperament, free them. Do not overburden them! If you overburden them, then, help them.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[92]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A man married his slave to his slave girl. Yet, later he wanted them to divorce. The slave complained to the Prophet, who said to the owner of the slave:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“The rights of marriage and divorce are not yours; do not interfere!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[93]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah repeatedly asked his companions to forgive the mistakes of their slaves. Once a slave girl lost the money her owner gave her to buy flour. She could not return home because she was afraid of getting punished. She was crying on the road. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) had listened to her story, he gave her the same amount of money she had lost and took her back home because he was not sure about the treatment she would receive from her owners. He gave them advice about being compassionate. The companions, as a result of the advice they received, forgave the slave girl.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another point that needs to be noted is that the reason Islam accepted the legitimacy of slavery was because of the existence of wars that were impossible to quell. One of the expected outcomes of wars was that there would be captives and slaves. Since Islam is distinguished by mercy and compassion, it encourages equal treatment of slaves and free people. Zayd, in spite of the fact that he was set free by the Prophet (peace be upon him), preferred to stay with the Prophet until his death and he refused to return home to his parents.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Give the person who is cooking for you his share! Let him sit next to you! Eat with him! If you cannot do that, take a piece of bread, dunk it in the plate and put it in his mouth and offer him food. Allah, the Most High, assigned them as servants and slaves for you. If he wished he could have made you their servants!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[94]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Since they were so afraid of violating human rights, most of the companions freed their slaves. Such actions exemplify how Islam provided humanity with a matchless standard of virtue.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Conduct of the Prophet of Mercy with Women</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In the pre-Islamic era, women had been treated in such a way that their womanly pride was offended. Concubines were seen as an instrument of amusement and were treated in a very degrading way. Fearing that they would grow up to become prostitutes, little girls were buried alive by their parents, without any mercy. With petrified hearts, even worse crimes were committed in order to protect them from calamity; all of this was the result of ignorance. Allah describes their behavior as follows:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“When news is brought to one of them, of (the birth of) a female (child), his face darkens, and he is filled with inward grief. With shame does he hide himself from his people, because of the bad news he has had received! Shall he retain it on (sufferance and) contempt or bury it in the dust? Ah! What an evil (choice) they decide on.” </em>(Qur’an, Nahl, 16/58-59)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">By the order of Prophet Muhammad, women’s rights were established. Women became examples of modesty and virtue in society. The institution of motherhood gained honor. With the hadith that says “Paradise lies under the feet of the mothers,”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[95]</span></span> mothers earned the status they deserved by the courtesy of Prophet Muhammad.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following example of the kindness extended by the Prophet to women is a beautiful one. “During a journey, a slave named Anjasha caused the camels to run by singing.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[96]</span></span> Prophet Muhammad, thinking of the possibility that the delicate bodies of the ladies on the camels might get hurt, said: O Anjasha! Mind the crystals! Mind the crystals!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[97]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in another hadith said; “In this world, women and nice fragrances are made pleasant for me while salat is made the light of my eyes.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[98]</span></span> Women and nice fragrances are important blessings of Allah in this world.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The importance of a righteous woman in a happy and peaceful religious household is clear. Although today’s world has changed, traditionally she protected the family’s wealth, organized the house, protected the progeny and protected the family’s honor. It was principally the mother of the house who filled the family with happiness. The atmosphere of happiness was dependent on her smile. All worries of the children ended with a compassionate look from the mother. Is there a place more compassionate than the heart of the mother?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Mothers are the creatures who have been granted the highest amount of divine mercy from the Creator. The sovereignty of women begins when they become virtuous mothers. The hadith that states “Paradise lies under the feet of the mothers” is the highest compliment of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to mothers.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Pleasant fragrance revives the soul with its delicacy. This is a pleasure even the angels enjoy. Salat is the divine union between the servant and the Lord. It is the ascension <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(miraj) </em>for the soul.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In another hadith, The Prophet (peace be upon him) said; “The best among you is the one who treats his family the best.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[99]</span></span> The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said, “Whatever a person spends for himself, his wife and his children is rewarded by Allah as his charity.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[100]</span></span> The Prophet (peace be upon him) has stated in the above teachings that a healthy family can only be based on a foundation of love.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Conduct of the Prophet of Mercy with Animals</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The people of the pre-Islamic era treated animals without any pity or mercy. While still alive they used to cut off pieces of their flesh or their tails. They used to organize brutal animal fights. The Prophet (peace be upon him) put an end to these cruel scenes. The traditions prevalent today of cockfights, camel fights or bull fights originated in the pre-Islamic era.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw a donkey on the road whose face had been branded. He became very sorry and said; “May God’s punishment be upon the person who branded it!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[101]</span></span> He recommended that branding for the purpose of marking should be done in a place on an animal’s body where it would not hurt the animal too much.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Once he saw a camel that was just skin and bones. He said to the owner of that camel; “Fear Allah for these speechless animals! Do not let them stay hungry!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[102]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdullah ibn Ja’far (may Allah be pleased with him) stated, “One day, The Prophet (peace be upon him) came to the garden of a companion. The camel in that garden moaned and tears began to fall from its eyes when it saw the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) approached the camel and patted its head. The camel stopped moaning. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) met the owner of the garden and asked him, ‘Are you not afraid of Allah who entrusted you with this camel? It complained to me that you beat and torture it.’ “</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) explained the difference between the states of the merciful and the states of merciless as follows:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A sinful woman saw a dog in the desert which was licking the sand with its tongue out of thirst. She had pity on it and pulled some water from a well with her shoe and gave it to the dog. Allah forgave her sins because of that. Another woman did not care about her cat and left it hungry for a long time. She did not even let the cat eat the bugs on the soil. Finally, the cat died of hunger. This woman became one of the people of the Hellfire because of her cruelty!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[103]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) transformed an ignorant society into a community that became part of the Age of Happiness (asr al-sa’adah). The people who treated their fellow human beings badly and who buried their daughters alive were becoming merciful and this extended to the animals as well. This is because the Prophet (peace be upon him) respected even the rights of little sparrows.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdurrahman, the son of Abdullah, reports,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“While we were on a journey with The Prophet (peace be upon him), we saw a sand grouse with its two chicks. We took the chicks and the bird began to fly over our heads. The Prophet (peace be upon him) immediately came and said: “Who has upset this bird by taking its chicks? Return them to their nest!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[104]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Hunting is permissible in Islamic law. Nonetheless, the Prophet (peace be upon him) warned hunters that they should be careful about the breeding and the reproduction times of animals for the purpose of maintaining ecological balance. Hunting randomly, saddening the young by the death of their mothers or saddening the mothers by the loss of their young disturbs a compassionate and merciful heart.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">These hadiths bring to light the fact that the mercy of a perfect believer must be expansive enough to encompass even the wild animals. Therefore, it is commanded in Islam that even harmful animals, like snakes and scorpions should be killed in one shot, with the express purpose of saving them from prolonged suffering. Is not the advice to be merciful even in the killing of harmful animals an example of peerless mercy?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In addition to ordering the Believers to be merciful towards animals, the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not like animals to be cursed. For example, on the way to Batnubuwat for a military engagement, a man from the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ansar </em>(Helpers) cursed a camel for going too slowly while riding a camel he shared with a friend. The Prophet (peace be upon him) told the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ansari</em> to get off the camel and said to him, “Do not accompany us with the cursed camel any longer! Do not curse yourselves, your children or your property!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[105]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This hadith exemplifies his boundlessness mercy in Islam.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[106]</span></span> Bayezid-i Bistami, who was known as the “Sultan of the Saints”, became so sensitive and refined through practicing the principle of love for creatures for the sake of the Creator, that he felt their pain in his heart. The following story illustrates how deep his feelings were.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">During a trip, he rested under a tree and after some time he stood up and went on his way. After having departed, he noticed that some ants from the place where he had rested were still on his bag. He returned to the same place and dropped the ants at the same point because he hated to take them away from their homes.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This exemplifies an internalization of the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him) are full of statements that include warnings and provide guidance on this issue. He said: “One who is deprived of mercy is deprived of all sorts of goodness.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[107]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The most distinctive quality of a Muslim is mercy. In the “basmalah”, (Bismillahi’r-Rahmani’r-Rahim, which means, in the name of Allah, the most Merciful, the most Compassionate) which we repeat before any deed, Allah reminds us that He is the Most Merciful. Mercy is a deep personality trait of a true Muslim.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In the following incident, Fudayl ibn Iyad, who was one of the Friends of Allah, set an example of how a Muslim should feel in his heart.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">They saw him crying and asked: “Why do you cry?” He responded:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I cry because I feel sorry on behalf of a Muslim who wronged me! My sorrow comes from my concern that he will go to the Hellfire because of me.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">These incidents are extremely refined manifestations of the inner manners of a heart that follows the example of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “Show mercy to those on the Earth so that those in the Heavens will show mercy to you!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[108]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Conduct of the Prophet of Mercy with Orphans</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In one Hadith it is stated, “The best home is a home in which an orphan is well treated and the worst home is a home in which an orphan is mistreated.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[109]</span></span> In the Qur’an there are many verses concerning the good treatment of orphans. Allah, the Most High, commands us to be very sensitive towards the orphans.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Treat not the orphan with harshness!” </em>(Qur’an, Duha, 93/9)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Whoever pats an orphan’s head will be rewarded for every hair his hand touches.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[110]</span></span> The Prophet repeatedly emphasized the importance of our fulfillment of these important social responsibilities.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">It is stated in another hadith, “I and those who treat their daughters and sons who are under their care well, will be together in Paradise.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[111]</span></span> While saying this, he put together his two fingers.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A complaint reached the Prophet (peace be upon him) about a certain person’s harshness. As a cure, he recommended the following deed to that person:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Let him pat the head of the orphans and feed the poor!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[112]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Since Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was raised as an orphan, having been an orphan gained him status and honor in this world and the next. The poet, Mehmed Aslan, describes nicely the feeling of an orphan:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The owner of the orphan is Allah,<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />So it is a sin to hurt the orphans.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Do not think that an orphan is weak;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />His tears are his weapon!</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet’s Advice about the Rights of Neighbors</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) urged in his teachings to respect the rights of one’s neighbors. In a hadith he has said, “Gabriel repeatedly gave me advice about the rights of the neighbors to such an extent that I was led to conjecture that they will take a share from my legacy when I die.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[113]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In another hadith, it is stated that, “Non-Muslim neighbors have one right. Muslim neighbors have two rights. The neighbor who is both a Muslim and a relative has three rights.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[114]</span></span> The rights of the neighbors include not looking at their windows, not disturbing them with the smell of cooking, nor performing an action that they may dislike.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, who was from among the poor of the companions said, “The Prophet ordered me to put more water in my food so that I could offer some to my neighbor.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[115]</span></span> Abu Dharr was among the needy of the companions. Since he did not have extra food, the only way he could increase his meal was by adding extra water to it. This hadith demonstrates that even poverty is not an excuse for not respecting the rights of neighbors.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following hadith is yet another example of how careful the companions were in respecting the rights of neighbors. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated the following event. “There were seven households, all of which were poor. One sent a sheep’s head as food to one of the families. The chief of the household thought that his neighbor needed it more and sent it to them. The second neighbor thought the same way and sent it to the third neighbor. The other neighbors also thought the same way and sent the sheep’s head to the next neighbor until it eventually returned to the first household.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[116]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The mercy of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) extended even to those who had passed away. The most important concern in reference to those who had passed away is the rights of those whom the deceased were unable to pay while they were still alive. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) always asked before funeral prayers if the deceased had debts. If he or she had unpaid debts, he postponed the funeral prayers until these debts were paid off.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[117]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Because he was the prophet of mercy and compassion, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was extremely concerned about preventing a person from entering his grave with debts.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet’s Conduct with Criminals and Captives of War</span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In Islam, the cause of a crime is first sought and an extreme effort is made to reform the criminal’s personality. Punishment in Islamic law is like the punishment parents give to their children. The purpose of punishing the criminal is not to isolate him but rather to assist him in returning to society.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A poor man called Abbad ibn Shurahbil stole some dates from a garden, putting some of the dates in his pocket. At that time, the owner of the garden caught him and beat him. Abbad, who was very much hurt by the incident, went to the Prophet to complain. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) called the owner of the garden and said to him;</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Do not you know he is uneducated? He does not know what he is doing. Did you give him advice? Moreover, he was hungry; you should have fed him.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[118]</span></span>The owner of the garden became so upset with what he did that he gave dates to Abbad along with two sacks of wheat.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">These statements are not intended to protect robbers, but rather to cure the social problems that give rise to theft. The Prophet (peace be upon him) stated clearly that he would cut off the hand of his daughter as a punishment if she were to commit burglary.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was particularly compassionate with captives of war. He said to his companions:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“They are your brothers, offer them what you eat and drink!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[119]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His Behavior towards Enemies and non-Muslims</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Basra al-Ghifari, when describing his life prior to entering Islam, commented, “I came to Medina and was hosted by the Prophet (peace be upon him). On that evening, I drank the milk of seven goats. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not say anything about my roughness. On that night he went to sleep hungry without showing any sign of displeasure or anger. Witnessing this high morality, I acted more intelligently and embraced Islam…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Since Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was sent as a mercy to the world, his compassion and care encompass all creatures. One day, he was asked to pray to condemn some enemies. In response, he said, “I was not sent to this world for condemnation; I have been sent as a Prophet of Mercy.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[120]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When he went to Taif, the ignorant polytheists and arrogant people of the city stoned him. The Archangel Gabriel (peace be upon him) came to him and asked, “Shall I bring together these two mountains and destroy the people of Taif who are living in between?” He was not pleased by this suggestion and made a special prayer for this society who stoned him: “O my Lord! Please give right guidance to these people! I ask for a Muslim progeny from their lineage.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[121]</span></span>As a result of his prayer, the people of Taif ultimately accepted Islam.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Forgiveness of the Prophet</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Allah likes to forgive. He has promised to forgive the sins of humans if they sincerely repent. In the Qur’an, he has also asked his servants to be forgiving because He is oft-forgiving.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The condition for Allah’s forgiveness is to feel remorse, to obey the orders of Allah, and to stay away from what He has prohibited. The best examples of forgiveness are found in the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him). He forgave Hind, who bit the liver of his uncle Hamza at the Battle of Uhud. During the conquering of Mecca after she became a Muslim, Hind came from behind the Prophet and asked,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Messenger of Allah, do you recognize me?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad, five years after Uhud, indicated that he still remembered her shout of joy after Hamza was martyred.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“How can I forget that shout?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, he forgave her for the sake of the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalima-i Tawhid</em>, which she uttered on entering Islam.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">On the other hand, Prophet Muhammad said to the people of Mecca who were waiting with great anxiety after being conquered:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O, Community of Quraysh! What do you expect that I will do to you?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Qurayshites said,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“We expect that you will forgive us. Your are a brother filled with kindness and mercy. You are also the son of a brother who had kindness and mercy…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Thereupon, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I say to you what Prophet Joseph (peace be upon him) said to his brothers: This day, no reproach be cast on you. May Allah forgive you. You may go. You are free.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[122]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In another address, he said, “Today is the day of mercy. Today is the day Allah increased the power of Islam by the Qurayshites.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the fiercest enemies of Islam in Mecca was Abu Jahl, which literally means “father of ignorance.” His son Ikrima was also a leading enemy of Islam. Ikrima escaped to Yemen when Mecca was conquered. His wife became a Muslim and later brought him to the presence of the Prophet (peace be upon him), who met him with pleasure and said to him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O the running cavalry! Welcome!” He forgave him without even reminding him of his wrongdoings against Muslims.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[123]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Habir ibn Aswad was yet another enemy of Islam. During the migration of the Prophet’s daughter Zainab from Mecca to Medina, he intentionally kicked her while she was riding a camel and caused her to fall to the ground. She was pregnant at the time. She was heavily injured and lost the baby. Habir ibn Aswad committed many other crimes like that. After Mecca was conquered he wanted to escape but could not. He accepted Islam and came to the presence of the Prophet (peace be upon him), who then forgave him.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[124]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) frequently said, “O my Lord! Forgive my people for they know not!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[125]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A man called Hamamah accepted Islam and cut his relations with the polytheist Meccans. The Meccans were shocked by his decision and approached the Prophet (peace be upon him) to ask the man to maintain his trade with them. The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent Hamamah a letter and asked him to continue his trade with the Quraysh. Although the polytheists had held the Muslims under siege for three years and had tortured them by letting them remain hungry, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) nevertheless forgave them. They all became Muslims when confronted with such endless forgiveness.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One day, a group of eighty people came to kill the Prophet (peace be upon him), but all of them were caught. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), forgave each of them as well.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">After Khaybar was conquered, a woman offered some food that was poisoned to the Prophet (peace be upon him), who noticed the poison after the first bite. The Jewish woman confessed her plot, but the Prophet forgave her.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[126]</span></span> In the Qur’an, it is stated that one should <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Hold to forgiveness; command what is right; but turn away front the ignorant.” </em>(Qur’an, Araf, 7/199)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) represented to perfection the best behavior for humans with his sincere, simple and humble conduct with people. His conduct did not emanate from him superficially or unintentionally, but rather emerged from the depth of his soul.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Adiyy ibn Khatim told the following story:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">There was a time, when I had not embraced Islam. I went to visit the Prophet (peace be upon him). He invited me to his home. On the way, an old woman stopped him. The Messenger of Allah waited for a long time until the woman had finished what she had to say. I said to myself, ‘By God! He is not a king.’ “</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then we went to his home. He gave me a mat made from skin filled with dry leaves and said to me:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Please sit on this.” I insisted:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Please you sit on it.” But he repeated: “You sit!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">I sat on the mat because I did not want to refuse his offer. He sat on the ground. This time, I said to myself:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“By God! This is not something a king can do.” Then we started conversing. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) told me that I belonged to the Rakusi<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[127]</span></span> sect, and although it was forbidden according to my faith, I collected one fourth of the people’s income as taxes. I was shocked. Immediately, I realized that he was a Prophet because he knew hidden secrets.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[128]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">All these incidents display with extreme clarity the high character of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a living example of the moral principles expressed in the Qur’an. He forgave all the wrong done against him. Yet, as far as the crimes committed against the members of public were concerned, he acted with utmost objectivity and care to fulfill the orders of Allah. Usamah, an outstanding companion, interceded on behalf of a woman who committed theft. The woman was from a noble family. Usamah asked him to forgive her. The color of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) face faded with sadness and he responded with a dire voice, “I would cut off the hand of even my own daughter Fatima in order to punish her if she became involved in theft.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[129]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Generosity of the Prophet</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibn Abbas, (may Allah be pleased with him), related the generosity of the Prophet (peace be upon him) as follows: “The Messenger of Allah was the most generous of all people. His generosity increased more in Ramadan. He never said “no” to someone who asked for something from him!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[130]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the most beautiful characteristics of the Prophet was to refrain from denying someone who asked for something. If there were nothing to offer, he would smile in order to bring pleasure. The following incident is an excellent example:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) described himself only as an officer of distribution and he stressed that everything was provided by Allah. One day a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him). When he saw the goats of the Prophet (peace be upon him), he asked for a goat. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave him all his goats. When the man returned to his tribe he told them the following: “Muhammad is so generous that he is not afraid of poverty!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[131]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another person came to visit the Prophet (peace be upon him) and asked for something. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not have anything to give to him. He suggested that the man get a loan and promised him that he would pay the loan on the man’s behalf.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Similar to his ancestor Abraham (peace be upon him), he never had a meal by himself without guests. He used to pay the debts of the dead or had others pay. He did not offer funeral prayers before closing the debt. He said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“A generous person is close to Allah, to Paradise and to the people; but he is far from the Hellfire. On the contrary, a stingy person is far from Allah, from Paradise and from the people, while he is close to the Hellfire.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[132]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In another hadith, he is reported to have said, “A true Believer is never characterized by the following two qualities: stinginess or immorality.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[133]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Generosity of the Companions</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The companions competed with each other to emulate the way of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The following examples illustrate this race for virtue.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) told the following story.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“One day, the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded us to give charity. At that time, I had some money with me. I thought to myself that this was the day to surpass Abu Bakr in good deeds and presented half of my money to the Prophet. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked me:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘What did you leave to your family?’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">I answered:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">‘The same amount I brought to you.’</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Then, Abu Bakr came. He brought all his money. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him, “O Abu Bakr! What did you leave for your family?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He responded by saying, “I left them Allah and the Prophet!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">After hearing his answer, I said to myself, “I will never be able to surpass Abu Bakr, (may Allah be pleased with him), in any matter.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[134]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) were perfect heirs to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in refusing to incline towards luxury and the splendor of this world. Their life style surprised the emperors of Iran and Byzantium.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">No doubt, their good conduct was also reflected in the life of other companions as well. For instance, one day, a beggar came to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked for something. Ali said to his sons Hasan and Husayn;</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Go to your mother and bring the six dirhams we have.” They went home and brought the six dirhams they had and gave them to their father who in turn gave them to the beggar. Yet, at the time, they needed that money. Fatima had been planning to buy flour with that money.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) returned home. Immediately after he stepped into his house, a man who had wanted to sell his camel arrived. He said he would sell it for forty dirhams and was ready to receive the payment later. He tied the camel in the garden and went on. Soon after, a man appeared and expressed his willingness to buy the camel for two hundred dirhams. He instantly paid the money and left with the camel.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ali gave forty dirhams to the first owner of the camel and the rest of the money to Fatima. He also said to her, “This is the promise of Allah through his Prophet: ‘Whoever does a good deed, he will receive ten times its value as reward.’ We gave ten dirhams and Allah gave us back ten times more.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following incident, related by Huzayfa, is significant, for it reflects the altruism of the companions:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“During the battle of Yarmuk, after the intensity of the conflict had subsided, and the injured Muslims were dying on the extremely hot sand, I summoned my energy and started to look for Harith, my uncle’s son. After walking among the wounded soldiers who were taking their last breaths, I found him. Unfortunately, Harith was in a sea of blood and could barely speak even with the movement of his eyes. I showed him the leather water-bottle which I carried and asked him, “Do you want some water?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His lips were dry from the hot weather and probably he wished to have some water. It seemed as if he was trying to tell me his painful situation by the movement of his eyes. I opened the leather water bottle and was ready to give him some water. Suddenly Ikrima’s voice was heard in the distance. “Water!… Water!… Please a drop of water!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When the son of my uncle heard this cry, he indicated with the movements of his eyes to take the water to him. I rushed to Ikrima, bypassing the martyrs who were lying in the hot sand. Finally, I reached Ikrima and was ready to place the bottle of water in his hand. Suddenly, we heard the moaning of Iyash:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Please give me a drop of water! For God’s sake, a drop of water!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When Ikrima heard his cry for water, he indicated with the movement of his hand to take the water to Iyash. Like Harith, he had refused to drink. When I found Iyash after searching for him among the wounded martyrs, I heard his last words. He was saying,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Allah! We have not spared our lives in the cause of faith. Do not spare from us the level of martyrdom. Forgive our mistakes!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He was about to become a martyr. He saw the water bottle I brought but he did not have time to drink because he could barely finish uttering the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalima-i Shadah </em>(The formula which states: I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah; I also bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">I ran back immediately to Ikrima and while trying to offer him water, I realized that he had become a martyr. I ran to the son of my uncle, Harith. Unfortunately, his soul had also returned to Allah. Painfully, a bottle of water had been left full among the three martyrs.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Huzayfa (may Allah be pleased with him) related his state of mind at the time as follows: “I came across many incidents in my life, but none of them influenced me as much as this event. Their extremely altruistic, caring and compassionate relationship, although they were not the relatives of each other, left deep traces of admiration in my memory.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[135]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet’s Sincerity, Honesty and Integrity</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) felt extreme pity for people who did not know what was right from what was wrong, who were not familiar with the orders and prohibitions of Allah. As he went from door to door to teach the religion of Allah, at times, the doors were shut in his face. Yet he did not resent this misbehavior against him as much as he felt sorrow for people’s ignorance.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">To these people, he said, “<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</em> <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">reward do I ask of you for this (Qur’an); Nor am I a pretender!” </em>(Qur’an, Sad, 38/86)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">No one reached the level of honesty and integrity practiced by the Prophet (peace be upon him). He was an orphan. He was introduced to trade by his uncle Abu Talib. His honesty and integrity were acknowledged by everyone, which earned him the honorary title, al-Amin, the trustworthy. Everyone in the community, both poor and rich alike called him al-Amin. The noble woman of Mecca, Khadija, admired his honesty and asked his hand in marriage. Our mother Khadija later served as his most vital supporter. When the first revelation came, she offered moral support to the Prophet (peace be upon him). She always stood at his side and comforted him during dangerous times.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) led a pure life. Even those who refused to accept his message out of arrogance, acknowledged his good qualities.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Since Islam first emerged fourteen centuries ago, there is no one who has not acknowledged his integrity and his heart. Even those in the Jewish community, who had been the enemies of Islam, came to him when they had a disagreement among themselves. Rasullullah (peace be upon him) solved their conflicts. He was just and fair towards Christians and Jews, alike.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He gave the following advice to Ali about justice:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Never judge before you listen to both parties! You can give a correct judgment only after listening to both sides!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[136]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When the Prophet (peace be upon him) decided to emigrate from Mecca to Medina, he made Ali his deputy to return the jewelry that had been entrusted to him.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[137]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Bashfulness of the Prophet</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to the description of his companions, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was more bashful than a young girl who covered herself from unwanted eyes. He never spoke with a loud voice. When he passed by others, he used to do so slowly and with a smile on his face. When he heard displeasing talk, he never said anything in front of the people. Nevertheless, his face reflected his feelings and his thoughts. Thus, people around him were very careful about their conduct when they were near him. He never laughed loudly because of his modesty. The most he did was only to smile. In a hadith it is stated that,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Bashfulness is from faith. Bashful people will be in Paradise! Shamelessness arises from the hardness of heart. Those with hardened hearts will go to the Hellfire.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[138]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Another hadith states:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Faith and modesty are together. When one leaves, the other departs, too.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[139]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Rude talk does not bring anything except shame! Modesty and decency decorate wherever they may be.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[140]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Real modesty is gained by “remembering death”, which is a means for the removal from the heart of love for this world. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) continuously advised his companions to extend to Allah the profound respect He deserves. Once, they said that they thanked Allah modestly. The Prophet (peace be upon him) explained that real modesty involves cleaning all one’s organs from prohibited actions and remembering death. Next, he stated that only those who truly desire the next world abandon their love for this world. And, only they show true modesty of conduct towards Allah.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[141]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Altruism of the Prophet</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) not only felt sorry for the suffering of the people, but he painstakingly worked for their success. This quality is mentioned in the Qur’an.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Now has come unto you a Messenger from amongst yourselves; it grieves him that you should suffer; ardently anxious is he over you; to the Believers is he most kind and merciful.” </em>(Qur’an, Tawba, 9/128) In this verse, Allah the Most High honored his Messenger by assigning him two of His own attributes, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rauf </em>and <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rahim</em>, meaning most kind and merciful, respectively.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He always struggled for the success of his people and he was happy and tranquil whenever he saw them making progress towards their own self-improvement and integrity.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He was not like any other leader who wished good for his community. On the contrary, he was a guide who supported his community with all the means at his disposal. Once a companion asked how to decide whether his situation was good or bad. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) told him the following:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Whoever aims to gain worldly profit through worship, which is normally performed for reward in Paradise, will achieve nothing in the Hereafter.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[142]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He was a mercy, embracing all of humanity with his actions, speeches and morality. He was their guide. He faced the most challenging difficulties and trials in the cause of true religion. He fulfilled the divine task he was assigned in a perfect way. He was so anxious and patient in doing so, that at times, revelation came to warn him not to let himself perish on this path.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The high level of virtue displayed by the Prophet (peace be upon him) for the happiness of humanity is expressed in the following verse in the Qur’an. <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“It may be you will kill yourself with grief, that they do not become Believers.” </em>(Qur’an, Shu’ara, 42/3)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">This verse demonstrates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted, out of his mercy and compassion, for all of humanity to believe in Allah, and thus save themselves from the Hellfire.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">When Hamza heard that Abu Jahl had attacked the Prophet (peace be upon him), he also attacked Abu Jahl, and said to the Prophet, “O Muhammad! Be happy! I took your revenge from Abu Jahl…” The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I have nothing to do with revenge! I will be happy if you accept Islam.” Hamza realized the wisdom in the answer and embraced Islam.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[143]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His noble conduct and sublime morality had nothing to do with personal gain, materialistic motives or with feelings of revenge. On examination we may see that the Prophet (peace be upon him) never sought revenge throughout his life.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[144]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) never openly corrected a companion for a mistake he made. Instead he used to say, “What is happening to me that is causing me to see you doing this.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[145]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He attributed errors of vision to himself without attributing the mistake to the person he was talking to. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), who took extraordinary measures to avoid breaking the heart of his companions, was a monument of mercy. These qualities were reflected both in his deeds and in his speeches. As an example, let us contemplate on the following speech:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Believers! May Allah keep you secure! May He watch after you! May He protect you! May He help you! May He elevate you! May He guide you! May He keep you under His own guard! May He keep you away from all sorts of bad luck! And May He protect your religion for you!”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[146]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet (peace be upon him) was sent as a mercy to the worlds. He was a manifestation of the Divine Names, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Ghafur and al-Rahman</em> that is the Most Forgiving and the Most Compassionate. He felt sorry for people who denied his message and prayed that they would be saved from the Hellfire. As a result, a divine warning came:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Yet it may be, if they believe not in this statement, that thou (Muhammad) wilt torment thy soul with grief over their footsteps.” </em>(Qur’an, Kahf, 18/6)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His companions spread with love and joy to remote areas the knowledge, blessings, virtue and spiritual qualities gained through association with him. This was an example of the principle of “love the creature for the sake of the Creator.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Everyone was granted a share of his high character and generosity. His benevolence and mercy were like a great river that spread over and fed all lands without discrimination. No one was left hungry, thirsty or alone while around him.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">His Loyalty</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Keeping a promise is a means for the attainment of salvation from the Hellfire; it is also a quality of prophets and virtuous people. With this quality, life acquires direction and order. It is a measure of humanity and a criterion for judging individuals and nations. People attain happiness to the extent that they respect it.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Living at the zenith of loyalty, the Prophet (peace be upon him) served in this regard as a perfect example for humanity. Regarding this, Aishah reiterated the following story.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“Once an old woman came to visit the Prophet (peace be upon him). They had a warm conversation. After the old woman left, I asked him:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O Prophet! You showed so much interest in that old woman! I am curious, who was she?” He said, “She is someone who used to visit us when Khadija was alive. Know that “loyalty comes from faith.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[147]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">A group came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) after the incident of Hunayn. They wanted freedom for the captives of war. One of them said, “O Muhammad! Our tribe has your milk-mothers and milk-sisters!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) responded with great loyalty, “I free all the captives that belong to me and the sons of Abdulmuttalib.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The Immigrants and the Helpers who saw this refined behavior followed his action by saying, “We also free our captives for the sake of the Prophet!”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As a result, on that day, thousands of captives were freed without any ransom.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[148]</span></span> This was a gesture of gratitude and the loyalty to the milk he had been given as a child. It is an excellent lesson for an oppressive nation. Unfortunately, humans quickly forget the favors whose traces fade in the memory. Usually, “LOYALTY” exists only as a word in the dictionary.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">During his final illness, the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to the Masjid, went up to the pulpit, and said, “O Immigrants! Treat the Helpers kindly because the population is increasing, but their number is still the same: They have served as a shelter for me. Treat the good ones among them with goodness, and forgive the mistakes of the wrongdoers.”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The loyalty the Prophet (peace be upon him) displayed to the Helpers for the favors he received is an excellent example for all of us. His life is full of many examples of loyalty. For instance, before the Hijrah, while his enemies were planning how to kill him, he was planning how to return the jewelry entrusted to him.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">On the day of Uhud, he had two companions who were good friends in life buried in the same grave and then said, “This is because they were sincere friends in this world.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[149]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The matchless morality of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was reflected in the lives and relations of his companions, based on the love they had for one another. Uthman was sent to Mecca on the day of Hudaybiya. He told the polytheists in Mecca that the Prophet (peace be upon him) came only to make pilgrimage to the Kaba. They refused this appeal, but agreed to allow Uthman to make the pilgrimage. However, Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) rejected this offer and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“I cannot perform the pilgrimage if the Prophet is not allowed to do so!.. I cannot stay where the Prophet is not accepted…”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Exactly at this time, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was accepting the bay’ah of the companions. Since Uthman was not there, in his place, the Prophet (peace be upon him) put one of his hands over the other and said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“O my Lord! This bay’ah is for Uthman! Verily, he is a servant of your Messenger.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[150]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In essence, becoming a true believer is a function of the degree to which we are able to emulate the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">`</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a vehicle for many miracles. Also, he assisted humans in the cultivation of their personalities. New qualities were thus infused into the community, qualities that would bring beauty and honor to culture and civilization. This revolutionary change in the character of humans under the guidance of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is an immense miracle. Good words, refined behavior and exemplary actions served as causes for this enrichment of civilization. At the origin of all stands the exemplary actions, speeches and practices of the Prophet (peace be upon him).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In the balance he established between opposite aspects of life, no shortcoming remained. For instance, he balanced work for this world with work for the Hereafter. Likewise, he balanced ascetic tendencies with those directed toward the satisfaction of desires. It is impossible to find another personality, in all of human history, which is comparable to him.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In social history, it is possible to encounter great figures who had outstanding abilities in different fields of life. Generally, their abilities are only limited to one field. The personality of the Prophet (peace be upon him) however, included outstanding qualities in all realms of life.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The following moral principles, which were set by the Prophet (peace be upon him), express the higher standard of his life. According to the Prophet (peace be upon him),</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“My Lord commanded nine things:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Fear Allah whether you are alone or in the crowd.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Be just and fair whether you are pleased or angry.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Live moderately whether you are rich or poor.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Maintain your relations with your relatives even if they do not do the same.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Give to he who deprives you.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">6. Forgive he who wrongs you.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">7. Contemplate while you are silent.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">8. Mention Allah when you speak.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">9. Take lessons when you look.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[151]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">On his sword, the following was written: “Forgive the one who wronged you; help your relatives even if they do not care about you; respond with goodness to the one who harmed you; say the truth even if it is against your interest.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[152]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Huzayfa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">“None of you should be a parasite. One type of individual says, “My reactions depend on those around me. If they treat me nicely, I also treat them nicely; if they mistreat me, I mistreat them as well.” Instead, you should take the following as your principle. When they treat you nicely, you also treat them nicely; when they mistreat you, you do not act as they have.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[153]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He also said, “Allah dislikes three things for you:</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Gossiping,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Being a spendthrift,</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Questioning unnecessarily.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[154]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Other advice of the Prophet (peace be upon him) includes, “Do not laugh at your brother’s trouble because Allah, the Most High, may save him from that trouble and put you in his place.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[155]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Those who study the life of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) will see that he has always been the Prophet of mercy and compassion. He never condemned anyone and he raised excellent people in an oppressive society. For example, the only thing he did, when he was stoned in Taif, was to ask Allah to give them guidance.<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[156]</span></span> When he entered the Ka’bah, after ten years of adversity from the people of Mecca, he showed humility and tolerance. He did not even take the key of the Ka’bah from Uthman ibn Talha, who had had it for a long time. He said, “Today is the day of kindness and loyalty.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[157]</span></span></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">He is the only sultan who did not leave an heir in his place. He said, “We, the Prophets, do not bequeath; whatever we leave is charity for all Muslims.”<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[158]</span></span> The only legacy he left for his Ummah was his perfect example.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</span></span> Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Husn al-khuluq </em>8; al-Bayhaqi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubra, </em>X, 191; al-Qudat, Musnad<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Shihdb, </em>II, 192; al-Tabarani, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>VII, 74.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</span></span> Tirmidhi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Qiyamah </em>42; Ibn Majah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Iqamah </em>174; Darimi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salat </em>156; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 451.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</span></span> Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>VI, 49,86,182; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 491; al-Humaydî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em>Musnad<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </em>1,135.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[4]</span></span> The smallest measure of weight, equivalent to a gram today. A <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat </em>was equal to five barley beans.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</span></span> Another measure of weight. If we take the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qirat </em>as being analogous to a gram, we can take the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">qintar </em>as being analogous to a kilogram</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buyû </em>100; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>31; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vitr </em>23; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Riqâq</em> 53; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 467.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Khumus </em>1; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>54; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Imârah </em>19; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyar </em>44; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fay’ </em>9; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalâm </em>27; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad, </em>1, 4.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[8]</span></span> al-Daylamî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Firdaws, </em>II, 70.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[9]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vasâyâ </em>9; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>94; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakdt </em>28; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>32; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>50; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sadakah </em>8; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>22; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 67.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</span></span> al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kitaâb al-Zuhd al-kabîr,</em> II, 367; al-Daylamî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Fırdaws</em>, III 611; Abû Nu’aym al-Isbahânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hilyah al-Awliyâ</em>, VIII, 35.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</span></span> Can, Şefik, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mesnevi Teremesi, </em>(Istanbul, 1997), v.11, p. 55.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</span></span> Bukhârî, Aymân<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, TL; </em>Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>20-25; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dahâyâ </em>37; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah, </em>48; Ahmad ibn Hanbal,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Musnad, </em>II, 98.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[13]</span></span> Bukhârî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Jihâd</em> 89; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buyû </em>7; Nasâî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buyû </em>58; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ruhûn </em> 1; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buyû</em> 44; Ahmad ibn Hanbal,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Musnad, </em>I, 236.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[14]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sifatu’l-qiyâmah </em>37; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>50; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>IV, 249; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>V, 27.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[15]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>47; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>50; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad, </em>IV, 132; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al Mustadrak, </em>IV, 135; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 449.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[16]</span></span> Suyûtî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tarikh al-khulefû</em>, p. 91-92.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd 29</em>; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>1 ; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’iam al-Awsat,</em> III, 57; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>VII, 218.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kitâb al-Auhd,</em> p. 47; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb,</em> I, 188; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab alÎmân,</em> VII, 268 [Narrated also from Omar as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mawkuf hadith</em>]</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[19]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>1; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 348 ; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr,Vl, </em>193; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>VII, 344</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[20]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 158; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>IV, 289.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[21]</span></span> Ibn Abî ‘Âsim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kitâb al-Zuhd, </em>I, 391; al-Daylamî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Firdaws, </em>IV, 95; Abû Nu’aym al-Isbahânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hilyah al-Awliyâ, </em>II, 131; Ibn ‘Adiyy, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Kâmil fî al-du’afâ, </em>III, 68.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[22]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 412; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>15; al-Tabarânî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>IV, 154.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[23]</span></span> Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 76; Ibn Abî Shaybah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>VI, 167; Ma’mar ibn Râshid, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Jâmi’, </em>XI, 191.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[24]</span></span> Bukharî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>60; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>161; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahârah </em>105; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sadakah </em>13; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 200.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[25]</span></span> Rûmî, Jalâladdin, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mathnawî Ma’nawî, </em>(Tehran, 1378) v.I, 1645-48; Can, §efik, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mesnevi </em>Tercemesi<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </em>(Istanbul, 1997), v.II, p.120.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[26]</span></span> Bukharî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buyû </em>3; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Qiyâmah </em>60; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 153.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[27]</span></span> Abu Sa’îd al-Shâshî (d. 335), <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shashî, </em>I, 86.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[28]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sawm </em>20; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyâm </em>55; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyâm 37; </em>Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 128.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[29]</span></span> Ibn Sa’d, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Tabaqât al-Kubra, </em>I, 400.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[30]</span></span> Ibn Sa’d, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Tabaqât al-Kubra, </em>I, 400.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[31]</span></span> Qur’an, Baqara, 2/198.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[32]</span></span> al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em>Mu’jam<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Kabîr, </em>IX, 109; al-Harawî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Arba’în fî dalâil al-Tawhîd, </em>I, 74; al-Daylamî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Firdaws,</em> II, 52.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[33]</span></span> Ibn Sa’d, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Tabaqât al-Kubrâ,</em> I<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </em>405.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[34]</span></span> Ibn Sa’d, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Tabaqât al-Kubrâ,</em> I, 405.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[35]</span></span> Ma’mar ibn Râshid,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Jâmi’</em>, XI, 108; al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad</em>, IV, 204; al-Tabarânî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Mu’jam al-Awsat,</em> III, 86; al-Bayhaqî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Shabul-Îmân,</em> II, 118.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[36]</span></span> İbn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XVI, 280; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ,</em>VII, 48, 49.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[37]</span></span> Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>8; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>56; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 220-222.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[38]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manâqib </em>1; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>37; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>1, 5, 281.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[39]</span></span> Bukhârî,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Anbiyâ</em> 48; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Riqâq</em> 68; Ahmad ibn Hanbal,<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Musnad,</em> I, 23</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[40]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jum’a</em>31<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </span>Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muqaddimah </em>13; Ibn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XIV, 333; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 671.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[41]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>32; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>16; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 506.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[42]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>30; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 506; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mujamu l-Awsat, </em>II, 64.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[43]</span></span> al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IX, 263; Abû Dâwûd al-Tayâlisî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I,156; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>III. 174; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>III, 275.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[44]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muqaddimah 7; </em>Ma’mar ibn Râshid, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Jâmi’, </em>XI, 116; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>II, 263; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>VIII, 31.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[45]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Riqâq 5; </em>Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>114.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[46]</span></span> al-Bagdâdî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tarîkhu Bagdâd, </em>XIII, 523; [Some version of this hadith was narrated from IbRahîm ibn Abi ‘Abla as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">maktu hadith, </em>See ; al-Mizzî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahdhîb al-Kamâl, </em>II, 144; al-Zahabî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyar a’lâm al-nubalâ, </em>VI, 325].</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[47]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Riqâq </em>38; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>VI, 256; Ibn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 58; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>III, 346.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[48]</span></span> Ghazali, Abû Hâmid, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Munqiz min al-Dalâl, </em>(Beirut, 1988), p. 60.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[49]</span></span> Rûmî, Jalâladdin, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mathnawî Ma’nawî, </em>(Tehran, 1378), v.IV, 3323.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[50]</span></span> Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shar </em>7; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>V, 225.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[51]</span></span> Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Libas </em>13; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zînah </em>60; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>ID, 357</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[52]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>50; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 239; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VI, 344; al-San’ânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>I, 206.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[53]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zinâh </em>54; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>63; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 137; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XII, 234.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[54]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>54; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 311; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 150.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[55]</span></span> Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Libas </em>1; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Da’avât </em>55; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>16.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[56]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>61; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>X, 193; Ma’mar ibn Râshid, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Jâmi’, </em>XI, 146; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>I, 274.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[57]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Imân </em>22; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>38; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>124; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tafsir Surah </em>22,1; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 161.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[58]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nafaqât </em>1; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>41-42.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[59]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>51; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>1; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muqaddimah </em>10.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[60]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>63; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 112; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XV, 400; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>II, 263.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[61]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>18; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>64; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>3; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>VI, 56, 70.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[62]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adah, </em>18; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>64.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[63]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Azan </em>65; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salât </em>191; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salât </em>123; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salât </em>159; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Imamah </em>35; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Iqamah </em>49; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 109.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[64]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>346; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 127; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XVI, 217.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[65]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Riqâq </em>26; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>17.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[66]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>50; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>81.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[67]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihad </em>104; Abu Yaia, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>XI, 35; al-Bayhaqi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrd, </em>III, 352; al-Tabarani, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>III, 223.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[68]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anbiyâ </em>54; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>104; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fitan </em>33; Ibn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>III, 254.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[69]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>23; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Munafiqun </em>4; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>1; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>40; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad </em>II, 18.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[70]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>27; Ibn Majah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Taharah </em>78; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 239.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[71]</span></span> al-Marwazî (d.294), <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ta’zim </em>qadr<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-salât, </em>II, 931; al-Haythamî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Majma’al-zawâid, </em>IX, 160.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[72]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>37; Dârimî, Riqâq118; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 63; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>III, 443; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VII, 12.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[73]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>37; Ibn Mâjah, Zuhd7; al-Hakim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 358; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VII, 12</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[74]</span></span> Tirmidhiî <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manâqib </em>15; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muqaddimah </em>11; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 253, 366; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XV, 273.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[75]</span></span> âl-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>I,145; al-Hatib al-Bagdadi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tdrikhu Bagdad, </em>VII, 57; Ibn ‘Adiyy, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Kamilfial-du’afa, </em>III, 248; Ibn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Majrrlhin, </em>I, 198; Ibn Hagar al-’Asqalani, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lisdn al-mizdn, </em>II, 42.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[76]</span></span> Ibn Kathîr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Bidâyah van-nihâyah, </em>III, 309.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[77]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Imân </em>22; <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim</em>, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>40; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>124; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>29; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 58, 161.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[78]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salât </em>72; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>71; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>57; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Janâiz </em>32; Ahmad ibn Hanba<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">l</em>, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 353, 388.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[79]</span></span> Ibn Hagar al-’Asqalâni, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Îsâbah fi tamyîz al-sahâbah, </em>II, 598-601; Ibn Abdilbarr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-İstî’âb fî ma’rifatil-ashâb, </em>II, 542-546.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[80]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>29; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>10; Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 7; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-</em>Awsat<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </em>IX, 124; Abû Ya’lâ, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 94.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[81]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Itk </em>17; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Alfaz </em>13,15; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>75; Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 316, 423.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[82]</span></span> Bukhari, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Magâzî 35.</em></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[83]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>64; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>VI, 16; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al- Sahîh, </em>VII, 155.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[84]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>69, 70; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 358, 361.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[85]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>76; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>70; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>24; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>43; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I,173.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[86]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>39; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 502; al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IX, 205; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>XVIII, 310.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[87]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>30; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 62; al-Kissî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad </em>‘<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Abd ibn Humayd, </em>I, 46; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 347; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>V, 157.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[88]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Qiyâmah </em>15.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[89]</span></span> Tirmidhî, Manâqib54; Ma’mar ibn Râshid, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Jâmi’, </em>XI, 306; al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 404; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>I, 264.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[90]</span></span> Ibn Abdilbarr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em>Istî’âb<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </em>1,154; Ibn Hagar al-’Asqalânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Isâbah, </em>I, 281.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[91]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>37; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VII, 12.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[92]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>22; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>38; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>124; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>29; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>10; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 36.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[93]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Talak </em>31; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VII, 360, 370; al-Daraqutni, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan, TV, </em>37; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>XI, 300.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[94]</span></span> For similiar hadith See, Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>22; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>38; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>124; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VIII, 36.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[95]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>6; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 429; IbnMâjah<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, ]ihâd </em>12; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>1,102; al-Daylami, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Firdaws, </em>II, 116.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[96]</span></span> Camels like beautiful voices and singing. The herdsmen for the camels sing to race the camels.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[97]</span></span> Bukhârî <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>95; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 117.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[98]</span></span> Nasai, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Ishratu’n-nisa </em>10; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 128,199.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[99]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rada </em>11; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nikah</em> 50; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nikah</em> 55; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad,</em> II, 472.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[100]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ticârât </em>1; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 279; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>X, 242; Al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>VIII, 239.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[101]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zabâih </em>25.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[102]</span></span> Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>47; Ibn Khuzaymah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>IV, 143.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[103]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anbiyâ </em>54; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salâm </em>151,154; <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>133; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kusuf</em> 14.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[104]</span></span> Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd, </em>122; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 404; Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 267; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>IV, 261.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[105]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>74, Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh,</em>XIII, 52.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[106]</span></span> Claude Farer wrote about the implications of Islamic morality which commands mercy and compassion to all creatures: “You can understand whether the neighborhood you are passing through is Muslim or Christian by looking at the attitude of the local dogs and cats. If the dogs and cats want to play with you and show closeness to you, you can say with confidence that it is a Muslim neighborhood; if they take a defensive position against you, it must be a non-Muslim neighborhood.” This picture, which was provided by a Christian tourist, is an obvious reflection of love, mercy and compassion to creatures for the sake of the Creator.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[107]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>75; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adah </em>11; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adah </em>9; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 362; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 308.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[108]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>16; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, TV, </em>277; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ,</em>lX, 41<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</em></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[109]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, Adab6; al-Kissî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad Abd ibn Humayd, </em>I, 427; Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Ababul-murfad, </em>I, 61.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[110]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 250, 265; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>III, 285, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>VIII, 202; Ibn Abî ‘Âsim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kitab al-zuhd, </em>I, 21; Ibn al-Mubârak, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kitab al-zuhd, </em>I, 229, 230.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[111]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab</em> 24; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>15; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 265.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[112]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, II, 263, 387; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>IV, 60.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[113]</span></span> Bukhari, Adah28; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>140; Abu Dawud, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adah </em>123; Ibn Majah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adah </em>4; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 85,160, 259.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[114]</span></span> Abu Bakr al-Qurashi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Makarim al-akhlaq, </em>I, 105; Hannad al-Kufi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Zuhd, </em>II, 504; al-Bayhaqi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-lman, </em>VII, 84.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[115]</span></span> Ibn Majah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At’imah </em>58 ; al-Tabarani, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>IV, 54.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[116]</span></span> al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 526; Ibn Abî Shaybah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>VII, 214; al-Bayhaqî, Shu’ab<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> al-Îmân, </em>III, 259 (See also interpret of ayah in the Sûrah of al-Hashr, 59/9).</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[117]</span></span> Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XI, 192; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 29.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[118]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab al-qadâ </em>21: Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>85.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[119]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>36-38.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[120]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>126; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Da’awat </em>118.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[121]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Badul-khalq </em>7; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>111; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>IV, 405; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XIV, 516.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[122]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>VI, 382; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>IX, 118; al-Rabi’ ibn Habîb, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al Rabi’, </em>I, 170; Tahâwî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shark Ma’ânî al-Âthâr, </em>III, 325.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[123]</span></span> Ibn Hagar al-’Asqalânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Isâbah, </em>IV, 538.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[124]</span></span> Ibn Hagar al-’Asqalânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Isâbah, </em>VI, 524-527; Ibn AbdilBarr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Isîi’ab, </em>IV, 1536.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[125]</span></span> Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manâsik </em>56; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 14.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[126]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tibb </em>55; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Selam </em>43; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diyat </em>6; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tibb </em>45; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muqaddimah </em>11; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 451.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[127]</span></span> A sect which was composed of elements from Christianity and the Sabii religion.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[128]</span></span> Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyahh, </em>II, 580; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 379; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>VI, 360; Ibn Abî Shaybah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>VII, 342.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[129]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hudûd </em>12; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hudûd </em>9; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kat’us-sariq</em> 12<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </em>Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hudûd </em>4; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hudûd </em>6; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hudûd </em>5; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>VI, 162</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[130]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bad’ al-wahy </em>5-6; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyâm </em>2; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad, </em>I, 288, 363; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al Sahîh, </em>VIII, 225.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[131]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil </em>57; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>III, 107, 259; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>X, 354; Ibn Khuzaymah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>IV, 70.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[132]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>40; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, III, </em>27; al-Ismaîlî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mu’jam, III, </em>733; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>VII, 428, 429.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[133]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>41; al-Tayalisi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 293; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, I, 211.</em></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[134]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manâqib </em>16; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakat </em>40; Dârimî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>26; Al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>1,574; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan, TV, </em>180; al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 263, 394.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[135]</span></span> al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>III, 270; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>III, 259; al-Mizzi, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahthib al-Kamâl, </em>V, 301; Ibn al-Mubârak, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Zuhd, </em>1,185; al-Qurtubî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tafsir, </em>XVIII, 28.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[136]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 90.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[137]</span></span> Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyahh, </em>I, 482; Ibn al-Kathir, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Bidâyah<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />van-nihâyah, </em>II, 176.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[138]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>16; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>57-59; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sunnah </em>14;<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>7; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Îmân </em>16; Ibn Mâjah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zuhd </em>17; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Husn<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />al-Khuluq </em>10; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 56,147.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[139]</span></span> al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>VIII, 174 and same book IV, 374; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>VI, 140.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[140]</span></span> Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>78; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>1.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[141]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sifatu’l-Qiyamah </em>24; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 387; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 359; Ibn Abî Shaybah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>VII, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">77; </em>al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>VII, 226.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[142]</span></span> Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 134; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>II, 32; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>IV, 346; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>V, 334.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[143]</span></span> Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyahh, </em>I, 292; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>III, 213; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>III, 139; Ibn al-Kathîr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Bidâyah van-nihâyah, </em>II, 32.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[144]</span></span> al-Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manâqib </em>23; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fadâil 77; </em>Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adab </em>4; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Husnul-khuluq </em>2; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 130,223.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[145]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aymân </em>3; Ibn Hibbân, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>IV, 534; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-</em><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mustadrak, </em>II, 515.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[146]</span></span> al-Bazzâr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 395; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>IV, 208; Abu Nu’aym al-Isbahânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hilyah ai-Awliyâ, </em>IV, 168; al-Bağdâdî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muwaddih, </em>II, 147.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[147]</span></span> al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>I, 62; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>II, 102; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>VI, 517.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[148]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Târikh al-sagîr, </em>I, 5; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>V, 271; Abû Bakr al-Qurashî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Makârim al-akhlâq, </em>1, 116.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[149]</span></span> Ibn Abi Shaybah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musannaf, </em>VII, 367; Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>V, 299; Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyahh, </em>II, 98.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[150]</span></span> Ahmad b. Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 324; Ibn Abdilbarr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Tamhîd, </em>XII, 148; Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, </em>II, 315; Ibnul-Kathîr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, </em>II, 169.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[151]</span></span> Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sahw </em>62; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 148; <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibn Abî Shaybah, al-Musannaf, </em>VI, 45; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>V, 328.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[152]</span></span> Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>IV, 148; al-Hâkim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mustadrak, </em>II, 563; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>XVII, 269; al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>X, 235.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[153]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Birr </em>62; (Some version of this hadith was narrated from Abdullah ibn Mas’ûd as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mawkûf hadith </em>for example; al-Tabaranî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Kabîr, </em>IX , 152; Abû Nu’aym al-Isbahânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hilyah al-Awliyâ, </em>I,<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />137; Ibn al-Jawzî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Safvatus-safvah, </em>1,421)</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[154]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zakât </em>53; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Akdiyah </em>12, 13; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>II, 327, 360; Ibn Khuzaymah, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, I, </em>10.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[155]</span></span> Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Qiyâmah </em>54; al-Tabarânî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, </em>IV, 111; al-Qudâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Musnad al-Shihâb, </em>II, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">77; </em>al-Bayhaqî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’ab al-Îmân, </em>V, 315.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[156]</span></span> Bukhriî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bad al-khalq 7; </em>Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>111; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sunan al-Kubrâ, </em>IV, 405; Ibn Hibban, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sahîh, </em>XIV, 516.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 17px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[157]</span></span> Ibn Hishâm, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyahh, </em>II, 412; Ibn Kathîr, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, </em>II, 300.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[158]</span></span> Bukhârî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Khumus </em>1; Muslim, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jihâd </em>54; Abû Dâwûd, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">İmârah </em>19; Tirmidhî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siyar </em>44; Nasâî, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fay’ </em>9; Muwatta, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kalâm </em>27; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Musnad, </em>I, 4.</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Osman Nuri TOPBAŞ</p></div>ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-73842403753781260952020-05-31T16:48:00.000+03:002020-05-31T16:51:52.808+03:00Beyond Racism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h3>
<span style="background-color: white;">Racial Egalitarianism in Islam</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: white;">What makes Islam exceptional in its potential to address the race problem, as Malcolm and Gandhi seem to believe? Indeed, the racial egalitarian teachings of Islam can be traced directly to the Qur’an and the example of the Prophet Muĥammad ﷺ. The Qur’an invites us to reflect on the brotherhood of all humanity, saying,</span><br />
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<em style="background-color: white;">O mankind! Verily, We created you from a male and female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you would come to know one another. Verily, the most noble of you in God’s estimation is the most conscientious among you. Verily, God is knowing, aware. (49:13)</em></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: white;">On numerous occasions, the Prophet Muĥammad ﷺ challenged the racial bias expressed by some of his Arab companions.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-12" id="footnote-12-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">12</a></sup> When some complained that Bilāl, an Ethiopian, was chosen to summon the faithful to prayer, the Prophet ﷺ rebuked them, saying, “Men are of two types: those who are pious and conscientious, whom God considers precious, and others who are wicked and wretched, who are insignificant in God’s estimation. You are all from Adam. And God created Adam from dirt.” On another occasion, he scolded his companions for not awakening him to conduct the funeral rites for Umm Miĥjan, an oft-neglected African woman who kept the mosque clean.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-13" id="footnote-13-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">13</a></sup> When Arab women belittled the Prophet’s Jewish wife, Śafiyyah, he told her, “Why don’t you tell them: ‘My husband is Muĥammad. My father is Aaron. And my paternal uncle is Moses.’”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-14" id="footnote-14-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">14</a></sup> And in one popular account—considered spurious by Muslim traditionalists—some of the Arab men present at a gathering the Prophet ﷺ attended objected to the presence of Bilāl (the aforementioned Ethiopian); ¢Abd Allāh, a Jew; Salmān, a Persian; and Śuhayb, a Roman.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-15" id="footnote-15-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">15</a></sup> The Prophet ﷺ responded, “Verily, the Lord is one. The father is one. And the religion is one. Arabic is neither a father nor a mother. It is nothing more than a language. And whoever speaks Arabic is an Arab.”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-16" id="footnote-16-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">16</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">The Qur’an and the example of the Prophet ﷺ teach that each person has the right to be treated well by others. The Qur’an describes the believers as brothers (<em>ikhwah</em>), warning, “And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell. God is also angry with him, damns him, and has prepared for him an enormous chastisement” (4:93). The Qur’an also teaches, “Worship God, ascribe no partners to Him, and show goodwill to parents, relatives, orphans, the poor, the neighbor who is kin, the neighbor next door, the companion at one’s side, the wayfarer, and slaves.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-17" id="footnote-17-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">17</a></sup> Verily, God does not like any boastful snob” (4:36).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">In addition, the Prophet ﷺ said, “[The archangel] Gabriel counseled me about the neighbor so much so that I thought he would assign to him a portion in inheritance.”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-18" id="footnote-18-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">18</a></sup> He also said, “You see the believers in their mutual compassion, affection, and sympathy like the body. If one part of the body falls ill, the rest of it reacts with insomnia and fever.”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-19" id="footnote-19-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">19</a></sup> Other teachings of the Prophet ﷺ include “Each one of you is a mirror to his brother”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-20" id="footnote-20-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">20</a></sup> and “One believer to another is like a single edifice. Parts of it reinforce others.”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-21" id="footnote-21-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">21</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">It is unlawful in Islam to refer to another pejoratively or by reference to racial slurs: the Qur’an says, “O you who believe! Let not some men mock others. Perchance they are the better of them. Nor are women to [mock other] women. Perchance, they are the better of them. Do not attack the honor of one another. Nor assail one another with names. Wicked is the name of iniquity given after faith. And whoever does not repent, those are the unjust” (49:11).</span></div>
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<h3 style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18px;">
<span style="background-color: white;">Race and Racism in Muslim History</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">These teachings about racial egalitarianism not only represent the ideals but also the lived reality during some periods in Islamic history. Nevertheless, the Islamic tradition has allowed a degree of sociopolitical privilege for select family members and even certain Arab tribes. For example, members of the Quraysh tribe and the descendants of the Prophet’s daughter Fāţimah from his cousin ¢Alī were given default leadership in early Islamic history.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-22" id="footnote-22-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">22</a></sup> Naturally, if families can treat their kinfolk with preference, members of a race can prefer members of their own ethnic group over others. Still, Islamic teachings—and most Muslims—emphasize the importance of fair, if not completely equal, treatment of all believers. Islamic teachings do not tolerate prejudice, oppression, belittlement, ridicule, or disparagement of any person on the basis of race or color. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"> The early Muslims struggled with the transition from an identity based on patrilineal associations to one based on faith. Many scholars—including many Persians and other non-Arabs—acknowledged the sociopolitical privilege and favor (<em>fa</em><em>đ</em><em>l</em>) of Arabs as a matter of orthodoxy.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-23" id="footnote-23-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">23</a></sup> When disaffected Persian Muslims in the ninth century rejected the notion of Arab superiority and launched a social equality movement (<em>ĥ</em><em>arakat al-taswiyah</em>) demanding equal treatment with Arabs, mainstream scholars dubbed the dissenters <em>Shu</em><em>¢</em><em>ū</em><em>biyyah</em>,<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-24" id="footnote-24-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">24</a></sup> a negative term placing them with the <em>shu</em><em>¢</em><em>ū</em><em>b</em> (peoples) mentioned in the Qur’anic verse “We made you peoples and tribes in order that you know one another” (49:13). At the time, a number of exegetes posited that the “peoples” mentioned in this verse are a super category of non-Arabs, while the “tribes” (<em>qab</em><em>ā</em><em>’il</em>) are a reference to Arabs, who receive preferential treatment from God.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-25" id="footnote-25-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">25</a></sup> Not surprisingly, neither the Shu¢ūbiyyah nor many other exegetes agreed with such an interpretation.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-26" id="footnote-26-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">26</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">One might argue that Arab discrimination against Persians is not a valid example of racism because Persians are white, and ample evidence exists that Arabs preferred white over darker skin colors.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-27" id="footnote-27-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">27</a></sup> But, as mentioned earlier, race in the premodern world was not determined by skin color but by shared cultural identifiers, such as language and custom. Victims of xenophobia in those times included foreigners who looked the same but did not share the same culture. The Umayyads levied higher taxes on Persians even after their acceptance of Islam, an early example of institutional racism.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">East Africans suffered mistreatment at the hands of Iraqi Muslims in the ninth century, which led to the eruption of a fourteen-year rebellion known as the Zanj Slave Revolt (869–883).<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-28" id="footnote-28-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">28</a></sup> The first year of this revolt came on the heels of the death of Jāĥiż (d. 869), the great rationalist and writer, and a pioneer of what can be called “Islamic Pan-Africanism.” Jāĥiż authored many important writings, including <em>Fakhr al-s</em><em>ū</em><em>d</em><em>ā</em><em>n </em><em>¢</em><em>al</em><em>ā</em><em> al-b</em><em>īđā</em><em>n</em> (<em>Boast of the Blacks Over the Whites</em>). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Approximately three centuries later, another scholar in Iraq, Ĥanbalī ¢Abd al-Raĥmān b. al-Jawzī (d. 1200), reintroduced the genre into the Muslim cultural archives with <em>Tanw</em><em>ī</em><em>r al-ghabash f</em><em>ī</em><em> fa</em><em>đ</em><em>l al-s</em><em>ū</em><em>d</em><em>ā</em><em>n wa al-</em><em>ĥ</em><em>abash </em>(<em>Illuminating the Darkness Concerning the Virtue of the Blacks and Ethiopians</em>). Then, after another three centuries, the polymath Imam al-Suyūţī (d. 1505), while expressing his indebtedness to Ibn al-Jawzī (but not Jāĥiż), wrote a similar work vindicating Blacks, titled <em>Raf</em><em>¢</em><em> sha’n al-</em><em>Ĥ</em><em>ubsh</em><em>ā</em><em>n</em> (<em>Elevating the Stature of the Ethiopians</em>).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The Zanj revolt was eventually put down, but Muslims in Iraq apparently continued to entertain negative views about the black East Africans living in their midst. This may be why Ibn al-Jawzī felt sympathy for the Blacks in Iraq, whose alleged sadness over their own Blackness inspired him to write his book.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-29" id="footnote-29-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">29</a></sup> Anti-black sentiment intensified under Abbasid rule in Iraq (750–1258), and one can reason that it did not abate when the Abbasids transferred their capital to Egypt after the Tatar invasion (1261–1517). Sufficient evidence exists to conclude that the Abbasid caliphs favored a whitening of their population in Iraq. The custom for most of Abbasid history in Iraq of passing rule onto the son of the caliph’s concubine clearly suggests a whitening of the Arab archetype, as most of the concubines who birthed future caliphs came from regions typified by the white skin of their inhabitants.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-30" id="footnote-30-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">30</a></sup> The evidence is less explicit, however, about whether Abbasid anti-black sentiment transferred from Baghdad to Cairo or had its own local genesis in Cairo. But the fact that scholars wrote works defending Blacks, which were not typical of the religious canon, suggests that Blacks living in Abbasid capitals faced discrimination.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Other examples that deflate the ideal of Muslim colorblindness throughout history include the Mālikī school’s classification of black women and unappealing non-Arab women as “ignoble” women (<em>daniyyah</em>) who were allowed to bypass normal standards for marriage in light of their “undesirability” and consequent compatibility with “any man.”<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-31" id="footnote-31-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">31</a></sup> Key Egyptian scholars writing during the European Enlightenment reinforced presumptions of black ugliness and white beauty,<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-32" id="footnote-32-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">32</a></sup> in addition to the idea that brown was the natural color of slaves.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-33" id="footnote-33-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">33</a></sup> Another example is the history of the slave trade and abolition in the Muslim world, with countries such as Sudan and Mauritania not legally abolishing slavery until the late twentieth century,<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-34" id="footnote-34-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">34</a></sup> as well as the prevalence of almost exclusively African eunuchs to guard the harems and Circassian slaves from Russia during the Tanzimat period of Ottoman rule.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-35" id="footnote-35-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">35</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The anti-African and anti-Persian sentiment in Muslim lands undermines claims of a colorblind Muslim empire, as do the official policies that disadvantage certain populations on the basis of ethnicity.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-36" id="footnote-36-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">36</a></sup> If we expand the definition of racism to include cultural and political domination, we see examples of that in the premodern Muslim world. Furthermore, if we see ethnocentric bias as a form of racism, then we must say that racism was not only prevalent among premodern Muslims but arguably constituted a small part of the Islamic legal and theological canon.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-37" id="footnote-37-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">37</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">We know that xenophobia was not unique to premodern Muslim society. However, skin color was a secondary factor to language and custom in group identity, and Arabs, for instance, had little reason to devalue brown complexions, because most Arabs were either light or dark brown, according to scholars of Arab history. In rare cases, Arabs had white skin. Many did, however, succumb to the apparently transhistorical and ubiquitous disdain for jet-black skin. These attitudes may have developed after black Axumite neighbors across from their western coast invaded and ruled parts of Arabia. The Arabs also disdained white skin—at least during the prophetic era—which may have originated from the fear of a type of skin ailment<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-38" id="footnote-38-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">38</a></sup> or from unpleasant encounters with their lighter Persian and Byzantine neighbors.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">As for the phenomenon of black slavery in the Muslim world, unlike Europeans, Muslims never accepted the Hamitic curse as an orthodox narrative. Islam did not tolerate any overt or official policies of ethnic-based slavery, and no Muslim regime cited scriptural or legal support for the preponderance of Blacks among slave populations; most slaves in ninth-century Baghdad and during the late Ottoman period were African. The enslavement of black Africans can be attributed to Muslims who abandoned their religion’s ideals. Islamic teachings do not allow Muslims to enslave other Muslims, nor do they permit mutilating the body of any human—especially the removal of the male penis and testicles.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-39" id="footnote-39-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">39</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Also, unlike in Europe, neither Blacks nor former slaves were officially barred from upward mobility, for the most part. On the contrary, the eunuchs of the Ottoman harems were known to be influential and enjoyed privileges not available to most Ottoman Turks.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-40" id="footnote-40-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">40</a></sup> In the earlier Abbasid period, royal concubines had a limited freedom that almost paralleled the limited freedom enjoyed by free noble women, and reflected a broader premodern phenomenon: free women on society’s lower rungs enjoyed more freedom of movement but less protection than did noble women or concubines. However, some concubines could look forward to influencing the decisions of their sons, who were slated to rule the caliphate upon the demise of their fathers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The trajectory of many former black slaves, as documented in biographical dictionaries by Muslim scholars, shows their rise to fame, wealth, and status due to their knowledge, piety, and leadership ability. In particular, the Mamluk and Ikhshidid dynasties of Egypt provided considerable agency to former slaves.<sup><a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism#footnote-41" id="footnote-41-parent" style="text-decoration-line: none;">41</a></sup> And even though non-Arabs were barred from holding the high office of caliph, so were Arabs who were not members of the Quraysh tribe or descendants of the Prophet’s daughter Fāţimah and his cousin ¢Alī. In other words, this restriction was not contingent only upon race.</span></div>
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Abdullah bin Hamid Ali</h3>
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Zaytuna College</div>
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<a href="https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism">https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/beyond-racism</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">1 Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (New York: Ballantine, 2015), 347.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">2 The Hamitic curse is the story, taken from exegetical works on the Old Testament, that alleges that the descendants of Ham, the son of Noah, were cursed to be slaves of the descendants of Noah’s other sons, Sham and Japheth, because of Ham’s failure to cover his father’s nakedness after discovering him in a drunken state. Though the Bible has nothing to say about Ham’s color, certain exegetical works claim that he was black and is the progenitor of all people with black skin. This story was adopted during the transatlantic slave trade to justify exclusive black bondage to Whites.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">3 Richard L. Johnson, ed., Gandhi’s Experiments with Truth: Essential Writings by and about Mahatma Gandhi (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006), 116.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">4 Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 16. In the words of the scholar Bernard Lewis, “Sometimes, the term 'race' was used in a broader and looser sense, to denote a group of people, speaking related languages. It was in this sense that philologists and ancient historians spoke of the Semites, the Indo-Europeans, and other linguistically defined families of peoples.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">5 Muĥammad b. Aĥmad b. ¢Uthmān al-Dhahabī, Siyar al-a¢lām al-nubalā’ (Jordan, Saudi Arabia: Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyyah, 2004), 1/2084. The famed Muslim historian and hadith specialist Ĥāfiż al-Dhahabī (748/1348) said: "The reds (al-ĥamrā’) according to the people of the Hejaz are the pale Whites (al-bayđā’ bi shuqrah). But this [complexion] is rare amongst them (i.e. the Arabs). An example of this from the hadith is, '… a red man resembling one of the clients (mawālī).' The speaker meant that he was the color of the clients who were captured among the Christians of the Levant (Shām), Byzantium (Rūm), and the Persians (¢ajam).”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">6 See Theodore W. Allen, The Invention of the White Race (New York: Verso, 1994) and similar books, such as Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 1995).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">7 The New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010). </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">8 Critical race theory (CRT) is an analytical approach employed by certain activist scholars, such as CRT’s intellectual father, Derrick Bell, professor of law at New York University. CRT theorizing started during the mid 1970s. Its main goal is to transform the way race, racism, and power in Eurocentric cultures interact. CRT is concerned with creating an egalitarian sociopolitical, cultural, and economic order, while taking direct aim at white cultural imperialism and deconstructing its philosophical foundations. CRT builds on the efforts and insights of a number of minority civil rights activists; critical legal studies; radical feminism; and European philosophers, such as Antonio Gramsci and Jacques Derrida. For more information, see Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, Critical Race Theory (New York: New York University Press, 2001). </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">9 Audrey Smedley, Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a World View, 4th ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2012), x. Anthropologist Audrey Smedley had the following to say: "Events of September 11, 2001, and the wars in the Middle East have generated a high level of fear and even panic among many Americans, who now respond negatively to anyone who appears to have an 'Arab' phenotype. As a consequence, many black and Hispanic American men have found themselves being viewed suspiciously because of their physical resemblance to Middle Eastern men. Some have been harassed or attacked on the assumption that they are 'Arabs.'" </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">10 See Sherman Jackson, “Muslims, Islam(s), Race, and American Islamophobia,” in John Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin, eds., Islamophobia: The Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011), 95.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">11 Muĥammad Nāśir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Ghāyat al-Marām: Takhrīj aĥādīth al-ĥalāl wa al-ĥarām (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1980), 188n308.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">12 This is not to say that Arabs were more racist than others. Xenophobia was the norm in the premodern world, and any person or people finding themselves residents of a land whose people practice unfamiliar customs would likely be subjected to derision, belittlement, mistreatment, and discrimination.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">13 Yaĥyā b. Sharaf al-Nawāwī, Sharĥ Muslim (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1995), 4:1/23. The narrator of the report states, “It was as if they minimized her value.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">14 Hadith 3892 in Muĥammad b. ¢Īsā al-Tirmidhī, Jāmi¢ al-Tirmidhī (Riyadh: Dār al-Fayĥā’ and Dār al-Salām, 1999), 877.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">15 See Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, Usd al-ghābah fī ma¢rifat al-śaĥābah (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ĥazm, 2012), 574. Śuhayb was the child of Arab parents. His father and paternal uncle served as governors for the Persian king. Śuhayb was kidnapped by the Romans when he was a little boy and was raised in Rome. Consequently, he developed a stammer in his pronunciation of Arabic. After he was returned to Arabia, he was referred to as “Śuhayb the Roman.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">16 See Muĥammad Nāśir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Silsilat al-aĥādīth al-đa¢īfah wa al-mawđū¢ah wa atharuhā al-sayyi’ fī al-ummah (Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma¢ārif, 1992), 3:325n925. This tradition is compiled by the twelfth-century scholar Ibn ¢Asākir (d. 1175) as well as by the sixteenth-century traditionist ¢Alī al-Muttaqī al-Hindī (d. 1567). The twentieth-century Salafist traditionist Nāśir al-Dīn al-Albānī (d. 1999) grades this report as “very weak.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">17 The only way a person was legitimately enslaved was through captivity in war.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">18 Hadith 6014 in Muĥammad b. Ismā¢īl al-Bukhārī, Śaĥīĥ al-Bukhārī (Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 2002), 1509.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">19 Hadith 6011 in al-Bukhārī, Śaĥīĥ al-Bukhārī, 1508.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">20 Hadith 1929 in Muĥammad b. ¢Īsā al-Tirmidhī, Jāmi¢ al-Tirmidhī (Damascus: Dār al-Fayĥā’), 1999, 449.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">21 Hadith 481 in al-Bukhārī, Śaĥīĥ al-Bukhārī, 128.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">22 For Sunnis, the Quraysh tribe has been given the special right to occupy political leadership of the community since the formative period. While other tribes and non-Arabs were allowed to participate in government as well, the exclusive post of caliph was reserved for members of the Quraysh. The committee members involved with selecting the caliph during the early post-prophetic era were all from the Quraysh tribe. Similarly, for Shiites, the descendants of the Prophet Muĥammad ﷺ, through his daughter Fāţimah and ¢Alī, were viewed as the legitimate temporal leaders of the Muslims.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">23 See Maĥmūd b. ¢Umar al-Zamakhsharī, Asās al-Balāghah, ed. Muĥammad Bāsil (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-¢Ilmiyyah, 1998), 509. The renowned Mu¢tazilite exegete al-Zamakhsharī (d. 1143) says in Asās al-Balāghah, “They are those who belittle the stature of the Arabs and see no superiority of them over others.” Ibn Taymiyyah has, perhaps, the most to say about the merits of the Arabs in Iqtidā’ al-śirāţ al-mustaqīm bi mukhālafat aśĥāb al-jaĥīm [The Demands of the Straight Path by Opposing the Companions of Hell] (Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, n.d.).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">24 Muĥammad b. Aĥmad al-Qurţubī, al-Jāmi¢ li aĥkām al-Qur’ān wa al-mubayyin li mā tađammanahu min al-sunnah wa āy al-furqān (Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risālah, 2006), 19/415. The famed lexicographer al-Fayrūzābādī (d. 1414), while defining the Shu¢ūbīs, says, “The shu¢ūbī…is one who belittles the affair of the Arabs.” Al-Fayyūmī, Aĥmad b. Muĥammad, al-Misbāĥ al-munīr (Beirut: al-Maktabah al-¢Aśriyyah), 164. The exegete al-Qurţubī (d. 1273) speaks of them as “a faction that does not acknowledge virtue for Arabs over non-Arabs.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">25 Muĥammad b. Aĥmad al-Qurţubī, al-Jāmi¢ li aĥkām al-Qur’ān wa al-mubayyin li mā tađammanahu min al-sunnah wa āy al-furqān (Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risālah, 2006), 19/416. According to Imam al-Qurţubī, “Ibn ¢Abbās says in one rendition, ‘The ‘shu¢ūb’ are the clients (mawālī), and ‘qabā’il’ are the Arabs.’ Al-Qushayrī says, ‘Accordingly, the ‘shu¢ūb’ are those who are not known to have an origin or pedigree, such as Indians, Ethiopians, and Turks. The ‘qabā’il’ are the Arabs.’”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">26 See al-Qurţubī, al-Jāmi¢ li aĥkām al-Qur’ān, 19/414–16. One distinction posits that the shu¢ūb are the head tribes (ru’ūs al-qabā’il) as in the family from which the qabā’il originate. This makes the former word a genus under which the latter is subsumed. Another view is that the shu¢ūb are the Qaĥţānī Arabs of Yemen, while the qabā’il are the Arab descendants of ¢Adnān. A third view is that the shu¢ūb are those who are identified by the regions (nawāĥī wa al-shi¢āb) where they live, while the qabā’il are those who identify patrilineally (ansāb).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">27 Muĥammad b. Bakr b. Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Akhbār al-nisā’ (Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Ĥayā’, 1986), 11–12. The Umayyad caliph ¢Abd al-Malik b. Marwān is recorded as having preferred and encouraged Arab men to seek Persian women for procreation, Berber women for sexual gratification, and Roman (or Greek) women for domestic service. In one counsel offered by the Prophet ﷺ to his companions, he advised them to remain conscious of God and to “hear and obey, even if a slave is given command over you.” In another variant of this hadith, he is reported to have said “an Abyssinian slave.” Yet another version has the addition “an Abyssinian slave whose hair is [crinkled] like a raisin,” referring to the crinkled hair of some Blacks; see hadith 7142 in al-Bukhārī, Śaĥīĥ al-Bukhārī, 128. Some scholars argue that the hadith emphasizes the importance of obeying public authority by referring to the social bias of some Muslim Arabs who had only recently converted to Islam and still adhered to ignorant Jahili prejudices, especially toward people of sub-Saharan ethnicity. Although this report suggests that non-Arabs are allowed to hold the high office of caliph, Muslim jurists generally object, arguing that the Prophet’s reported mention of an “Abyssinian slave” was mere hyperbole to emphasize the importance of obedience to one’s commanders. According to these jurists, it was as if the Prophet ﷺ were saying that even if an office is given to one you consider the least among you, you must obey him. Some jurists who depart from the historically orthodox view restricting the office of caliph to Qurayshī Arabs—allowing for non-Qurashites and non-Arabs to be caliph—read the tradition as elevating the status of Blacks rather than as referring with the alleged addition of “his hair [crinkled] like a raisin” to the Arab stereotype of Ethiopian slaves to emphasize obedience. In one instance, when a woman seeking a divorce from her Arab husband was asked by the Prophet Muĥammad ﷺ about the grounds for her request, she said, “I lifted the curtain and saw him approaching in a group [of men]. I noticed that he was the blackest, shortest, and ugliest of them.” Abū al-Fidā’ Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-¢ażīm (Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfiyyah, 1996), 1/260.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">28 Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (New York: Farrar, Staus and Giroux, 2001), 42–46.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">29 ¢Abd al-Raĥmān b. al-Jawzī, Tanwīr al-ghabash fī fađl al-sūdān wa al-ĥabash (Riyadh: Dār al-Sharīf, 1998), 29. Ibn al-Jawzī said at the start of his book in vindication of Blacks, “I noticed a group of decent Ethiopians distraught over the blackness of their skin. So, I told them that consideration is given to beautiful acts, not to beautiful forms. And, I composed this book for them regarding mention of the virtue of many of the Abyssinians and Blacks.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">30 ¢Abd al-Raĥmān al-Suyūţī, Tārīkh al-khulafā’ (Cairo: Dār al-Fajr li al-Turāth, 2004.) When Baghdad was the center of power, close to fifty of the Abbasid caliphs were the offspring of Berber, Greek, Turkish, and Persian concubines. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">31 Abū ¢Umar Yūsuf b. ¢Abd Allāh b. Muĥammad b. ¢Abd al-Barr al-Qurţubī, al-Kāfī fī fiqh ahl al-Madīnah al-mālikī (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-¢Ilmiyyah, 1992), 234–35. The Andalusian scholar Ibn ¢Abd al-Barr is among those who expressly stated about this sort of woman, “And the [blood] guardian has no prerogative [to annul the marriage] because any man is compatible with her.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">32 Shaykh Ibrāhīm b. Mar¢ī al-Shubrakhītī, al-Futūĥāt al-wahhābiyyah bi sharĥ arba¢īn ĥadīthan al-Nawawiyyah (Egypt: Maktabat Muśţafā al-Bābī al-Ĥalabī wa Awlāduhu, 1955), 288. This view is expressed by the seventeenth-century Egyptian scholar Shaykh Ibrāhīm.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">33 See Aĥmad b. Muĥammad al-Śāwī, Kitāb sharĥ al-Śāwī ¢alā jawharat al-tawĥīd (Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 2009), 278. Shaykh Aĥmad al-Śāwī (1761–1825) of Egypt asserts that slaves have brown skin in his commentary on Shaykh Ibrāhīm al-Laqqānī’s Jawharat al-tawĥīd.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">34 Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (New York: Farrar, Staus and Giroux, 2001), 199–225.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">35 Ehud R. Toledano, Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1998), 41–53, 81–111.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">36 See ¢Alī al-Sa¢īdī al-¢Adawī, Ĥāshiyat al-¢Adawī ¢alā sharĥ Abī al-Ĥasan al-musammā kifāyat al-ţālib al-rabbānī li risālat ibn Abī Zayd al-Qayrawānī (Casablanca: Dār al-Ma¢ārif, 1998), 2:46. This is like the view held by a number of Mālikī jurists that allows for sub-Saharan and unappealing non-Arab women to ignore the wishes of marriage guardians who object to them marrying certain men, thereby hindering their clansmen’s ability to protect them from the exploitation of certain suitors. This is all due to the idea that sub-Saharan and unappealing non-Arab women are “undesirable,” “ignoble,” “of reduced value,” and “compatible” with “any” man. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">37 A number of prophetic traditions are reported to disparage Blacks. The Ĥanbalī scholar Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah declares all of them to be spurious. That notwithstanding, some scholars, such as al-Bayhaqī, apparently held some of them to be sound.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">38 See Ibn Manżūr al-Ifrīqī al-Miśrī, Lisān al-¢Arab (Beirut: Dār Śādir, 1882), 209. To call someone “white” (abyađ) was so offensive to the early Arabs that they referred to those with pale and pasty white skin as “red” (aĥmar). Contrary to common understanding, Arabs did not see themselves as a white race during the formative period of Islam. Most were, in fact, light brown or dark brown in complexion. White Arabs were a rarity. Consequently, to call someone “white” meant they suffered from the skin ailment known today as vitiligo (baraś), wherein those afflicted lose their pigmentation in white patches or spots. The famed Arabic linguist Tha¢lab of Kufa was asked, “Why has the word ‘red’ (aĥmar) been given special treatment as opposed to the word “white” (abyađ)?” He said, “Because the Arabs don’t say that someone is White due to the whiteness of their skin. Rather, the one they consider to be White is the one who is pure and free of blemish. So whenever they mean that someone is white-skinned, they call him red (aĥmar).”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">39 Hadith 5075 in al-Bukhārī, Śaĥīĥ al-Bukhārī, 1294. Imam al-Bukhārī reports that the companion Ismā¢īl b. Qays said, “We used to take part in sorties with God’s messenger ﷺ nothing [of women’s comfort with us]. So, we said, ‘Shouldn’t we have our testicles removed?’ But he forbade us from doing that.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">40 Ehud R. Toledano, Slavery and Abolition, 27.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">41 Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (New York: Farrar, Staus and Giroux, 2001), 31–34, 52–54.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">42 “Black Iraqis Claim Discrimination,” Al Jazeerah, last modified January, 11, 2010, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/01/201011153951276431.html.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">43 “Power and People: Tunisia’s Dirty Secret,” Al Jazeerah, last updated March 17, 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2016/03/tunisia-dirty-secret-160316153815980.html.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: georgia, times new roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">44 “When they call you 'Negro': Egypt’s Sudanese are prisoners of racism,” Middle East Eye, last updated April 21, 2017, http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/racism-led-death-how-do-africans-live-egypt-108156992.</span></span><br />
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ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-69165127417874984622020-03-29T21:44:00.002+03:002020-03-29T21:44:56.545+03:00What Islamic Hygienic Practices Can Teach When Coronavirus Is Spreading?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">As outbreaks of the coronavirus spread throughout the world, people are reminded over and again to limit physical contact, wash hands and avoid touching their face. The recent Netflix docuseries “Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak" illustrates how the Islamic ritual washing, known as “wudu,” may help spread a good hygiene message.</span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" src="https://www.lastprophet.info/people-2867852_1920.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The series focuses on Syra Madad, a Muslim public health specialist in a New York hospital, who takes a break to say her prayers at the Islamic Center of New York University. Before entering the prayer room, Madad stops to perform wudu, and washes her mouth and face as well as her feet.</span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Islamic law requires Muslims to ritually purify their body before praying. As a scholar of Islamic studies who researches ritual practices among Muslims, I have found that these practices contain both spiritual and physical benefits.</span></span></div>
<h2 libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ritual purity</span></span></strong></h2>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Prophet Muhammad left detailed guidance for Muslims on how to live their lives, including how to pray, fast and stay ritually pure. This guidance is available in collections called the Hadith.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Islamic law, there are minor and major impurities. Minor impurities involve urinating, defecating and sleeping, among other practices. A person of Muslim faith is supposed to perform a ritual washing of their bodies before praying to get rid of these minor impurities.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wudu is to be performed, as was done by the Prophet Muhammad, in a specific order before praying, which takes place five times a day. Before each prayer, Muslims are expected to wash themselves in a certain order – first hands, then mouth, nose, face, hair and ears, and finally their ankles and feet.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While washing with water is required when it is available, if a person has limited access to water, then a Muslim is permitted to symbolically "cleanse" their hands and face with dust or sometimes sand or other natural materials.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A Quranic verse says: “And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, God is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.”</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A hadith from the prophet also describes the Earth as a purifying agent if there is a scarcity of water for washing.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Major impurity is defined in Islamic texts as occurring after sexual activity or when a woman completes her menstrual cycle. A Muslim woman should not pray during her menstrual cycle. To purify oneself after such an impurity, a Muslim is required to take a shower, called “<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ghusl</em>” A person needs to wash their entire body, from head to toe, including their hair.</span></span></div>
<h2 libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Spiritual actions</span></span></strong></h2>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Preparing for prayer by washing one’s body using water can be a deeply spiritual act for Muslims. Islamic studies scholar Paul Powers argues it isn’t “empty ritualism,” but an embodied practice that helps the individual center on an inner religiosity.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, another Islamic studies scholar, Marion Katz, explains in her 2002 book “Body of Text” that the importance of wudu lies in its symbolic cleansing. It does not always cleanse the parts of the body that are “physically involved in the pollution act.”</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ritual purity is different from hygienic practices, although Islam also emphasizes good hygiene. Muslims take care to wash often, including using water after going to the bathroom.</span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<h2 libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aligning with public health guidelines</span></span></strong></h2>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In view of the coronavirus risk, Muslim leaders around the world, including in the U.S., have aligned their religious opinions with public health experts.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim institutions have begun to recommend that people make sure to wash their hands for 20 seconds with soap before doing wudu. Emphasizing that wudu alone cannot prevent the virus from spreading, other Islamic institutions recommend that mosques supply extra soap and hand sanitizer near the washing area.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They have issued rulings to cancel Friday prayers, urged Muslims to wash their hands with soap regularly, refrain from touching their face and practice social distancing.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While people have cleared local store shelves of hand sanitizers, wipes, cleaning supplies, gloves and masks, basic hygiene practices remain the best way to prevent the spread of the coronavirus and other viruses.</span></span></div>
<div libre="" new="" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #383838; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At this time, Islamic practices that emphasize purity of body could help reiterate the importance of hygienic practices along with the use of soap or hand sanitizer, to reduce one’s vulnerability to the virus.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: grey; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This article is republished from <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">theconversation.com </em></span></span></span></div>
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ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-61433146302346774372019-11-24T22:23:00.002+03:002019-11-24T22:24:51.332+03:00Events Heralding the Birth of the Prophet<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Divine signs indicating the great birth started to become manifest well before the delivery of the Blessed Prophet. Every inch of the universe was yearning for the embodiment of very cause behind their creation. The pledges taken by the Almighty from previous Prophets that they will recognize Muhammad (s.a.s) as a Prophet and help him should he appear in their lifetimes could be considered as the greatest sign attesting to his advent. The following verse confirms that: <span id="more-8249" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Behold! Allah took the covenant of the Prophets, saying: ‘I give you a Book and Wisdom; then comes to you a messenger, confirming what is with you; do ye believe in him and render him help.’ Allah said: ‘Do you agree, and take this My Covenant as binding on you?’ They said: ‘We agree.’ He said: ‘Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.’”</span> (Âl İmrân, 81)</div>
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Raising their hands to the heavens, Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail (a.s) also prayed for the arrival of the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) after completing the building of the Kaabah.</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Our Lord! Raise up a Messenger from among them who shall recite to them Your communications and teach them the Book and the wisdom, and purify them. Surely You are the Mighty, the Wise!”</span> (al-Baqara, 129)</div>
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Similarly, while informing the Israelites of his Prophethood, Prophet Isa (a.s) also gives the glad tidings of the coming of the final Prophet.</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“And remember, Isa, the son of Maryam, said: “O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad…”</span> (es-Saff, 6)</div>
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Wile still pregnant, Aminah saw a dream in which she heard:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“You are pregnant, Aminah, with the master of the Ummah. When you give birth to him pray to Allah and say, ‘I seek refuge with Allah, the One, from the evil of the envious when he envies’ and give him the name ‘Muhammad’.</em></div>
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In memory of these, the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s) has stated:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I am the answer to the prayer of my grandfather Ibrahim, the good news given by Jesus and the dream of my mother.”</em> (Hâkim, II, 453; Ahmad, IV, 127-128)</div>
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The Prophet’s name and attributes were also explicitly written in both the Torah and the Gospel, with which the scholars of both texts were fully informed at the time. Those among them who had it in their hearts to acknowledge this were praised in the Quran:</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Those who follow the messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write, whom they will find described in the Torah and the Gospel (which are) with them …”</span> (al-Arâf, 7:157)</div>
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Because they knew the characteristics of the Blessed Prophet r, they recognized him with the ease a father would recognize his son, as confirmed by the following verse:</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Those whom We have given the Book recognize him as they recognize their sons, and a party of them most surely conceal the truth while they know (it).”</span> (al-Baqara, 2:146)</div>
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Upon becoming a Muslim, Abdullah ibn Selâm (r.a) who was a great scholar of the Torah, said:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I recognize the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s) better than I would my own son.”</em></div>
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Inquiring further was Omar (r.a):</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“How is that so?” </em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I can without any doubt bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, purely because his characteristics are clearly written in the Torah”,</em> he answered.</div>
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Hearing this, Omar remarked, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Almighty has indeed given you the truth.”</em> (Vâhidî, s. 47; Râzî, Tefsîr, IV, 116) The Holy Quran testifies that both the Torah and the Gospel describe the characteristics of the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s), as well as his companions:</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and those with him are firm of heart against the unbelievers, compassionate among themselves; you will see them bowing down, prostrating themselves, seeking grace from Allah and pleasure; their marks are in their faces because of the effect of prostration; that is their description in the Torah and their description in the Gospel; like as seed-produce that puts forth its sprout, then strengthens it, so it becomes stout and stands firmly on its stem, delighting the sowers that He may enrage the unbelievers on account of them; Allah has promised those among them who believe and do good, forgiveness and a great reward”</span> (al-Fath, 48:29)</div>
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Abdullah ibn Abbâs (r.a) one day asked Kâb al-Ahbâr to tell him of the characteristics of the Prophet (s.a.s) mentioned in the Torah.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Mentioned therein are the following characteristics: Muhammad ibn Abdullah will be born in Mecca and will migrate to Medina. He will eventually seize Damascus. Never will he speak foul words, nor will he raise his voice in public. He will not retaliate against evil with evil and will forgive the culprits. His people will offer their thanks to Allah and glorify Him in good times and bad. They will wash their arms (make wudu, ablution) and stand in lines in prayer like in battles. Constantly heard from their places of worship will be a buzz (the recital of the Quran and chanting the names of Allah). Their call to prayer will fill the sky.”</em> (Dârimî, Muqaddima, 2)</div>
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Atâ ibn Yasâr -rahimahullâh- narrates:</div>
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“I came across Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As and asked him to tell me about the description of Allah’s Messenger in the Torah.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘By Allah, he is indeed described in the Torah with some of the qualities attributed to him in the Quran. It is said in the Torah that:</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘O Prophet ! We have sent you as a witness for Allah’s True religion, a giver of glad tidings to faithful believers, a warner to unbelievers and as a guardian of the illiterate. You are My slave and My Messenger. I have named you al-Mutawakkil (who depends upon Allah). You are neither discourteous, harsh nor a noise-maker in public. You do not do evil to those who do evil to you, but you deal with them forgivingly and kindly. Allah will not let you die until, through you, He straightens the crooked by making them admit that none has the right to be worshipped besides Allah; and through this which will blind eyes, deaf ears and hearts of stone be opened to the truth.”</em> (Bukhârî, Buyû, 50; Tafsîr, 48/ 3)</div>
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Aware of all the characteristics of the Prophet (s.a.s), the Jews were in anxious anticipation of his advent. So much so that whenever the Jews had a quarrel with the Madinan tribes Aws and Khazraj, they would threaten them, telling that their days were numbered, since the with the expected Prophet, whose arrival was now looming and whom the Jews would follow, would signal the end of the two tribes who would be eradicated just like the tribes of Ad and Iram. (Ibn Asîr, el-Kâmil, II, 95-96)</div>
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But as the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) was not of Jewish blood, the Jews never came around to accepting him in their entirety. Striking is the following story narrated by Safiya bint Huyay, the wife of the Prophet (s.a.s) and a Jew before Islam.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.s) reached the village of Quba during the migration to Madinah, my father and my uncle rushed to see him. They returned only around sunset, sad and dejected, however. I heard them say the following to one another.</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘So you think he is the expected Prophet?’</em> asked Huyayy, my father.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘By God he is!’</em> said my uncle, Abu Yâsir.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘But are you sure? Did you confirm it with other proofs?’</em> asked my father once more.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Yes!’</em> was the reply.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘So how do feel towards him now?’</em> asked Abu Yasir in turn after a momentary pause.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘By Allah as long as I am alive I will foster only enmity towards him in my heart,’ replied my father.”</em> (Abû Nuaym, Delâil, I, 77-78)</div>
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The Jews were envious of the Arabs because the last Prophet had emerged from among them, and not from Jewish stock. All along, they had anxiously expected him to be raised from among them. On these grounds they rejected his prophethood.</div>
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Ibn Abbâs (r.a) is another who recounts the Jews’ hostile attitude:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Warring continuously with the tribe of Ghatafan, the Jews of Khaybar almost always used to wind up defeated. So they prayed to the Almighty: ‘Our Lord! We ask victory from you for the sake of the Prophet you promised to send towards the end of time.’</em></div>
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By asking for Divine assistance in the name of the Prophet (tawassul), the Jews were at last able to gain victory over the tribe of Ghatafan. Yet even though they had received help using his name, they did not accept the Final Prophet when sent by the Almighty. So to chastise them the following verse was revealed:</div>
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“<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">…although from of old they had prayed for victory (fort he sake of the Prophet that would come soon) against those without Faith,- when there comes to them that which they (should) have recognized (the Prophet Muhammad), they refuse to believe in him; but the curse49 of Allah is on those without Faith. ”</span> (al-Baqara, 89) (Qurtubî, II, 27; Wâhidî, p. 31)</div>
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The following incident is also noteworthy in indicating the arrival of the Blessed Prophet into the world: Sayf ibn Zî-Yazan was appointed the king of Yemen by the Persian Khosrau. The representatives of the entire Arab tribes came to congratulate him. The mission sent by the Meccans consisted of ten people and was headed by Abdulmuttalib, the grandfather of the Prophet (s.a.s). In the presence of the King, Abdulmuttalib said:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“We are the people and the servants of the protected House of Allah. We have come to congratulate you for your accession to the throne.” </em></div>
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They were warmly welcomed by the King of Yemen and were lodged for some time as his guests. One day the King summoned Abdulmuttalib and said:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“I am going to tell you a secret, Abdulmuttalib. Had it been anybody else other than you, I would not have said it, but it is only because there is something about you I sense. Keep this between us until the Almighty wills it to be exposed. Only His Will is realized. We have a book, the contents of which only we know and in it there are important news closely concerning you and your friends.”</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Even if it means these nomads are to die in your path, please tell me…What is this important news?”</em> insisted Abdulmuttalib.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“A boy will be born in the area of Tihâma. He will be the leader of mankind until the Final Hour and your people will reap the honor. As a sign there will be mole between his shoulder blades.”</em></div>
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King Sayf ibn Zi-Yazan continued:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The time of his birth has come. Who knows? He may have already been born. His name is Muhammad. His parents are to die and his grandfather and uncle will see to his care. The Almighty has sent him as a clear caller onto His path and will make some of us his helpers. Through them, the Almighty will debase the enemies of this Prophet and dignify his friends. He will capture the best parts of the world. The Magian fire will be extinguished with his birth. People will in his time worship al-Rahman, the One True God. Disbelief and extremities will be banned, idols will be destroyed and the Satan will be stoned. His words will differentiate true and false. His judgments will always be just. He will always command the good and will practice it first himself. Evil will be prohibited and falsehood will be destroyed.”</em></div>
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Abdulmuttalib asked:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“May Allah extend your life and honor! May your rule be everlasting! What you describe is my lineage. Can the King make this man happier by giving more detail about this child?”</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“By the enshrouded House of Allah, by all the miracles and heavenly Scriptures, it is no lie that you are the forefather of this baby”</em>, Sayf replied. Abdulmuttalib fell to the ground in jubilation.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Raise your head. May your heart be at peace, your life long and your name exalted! Tell me…Is there anything that you are aware of from the signs that I have told you?”</em> asked the King.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Yes…I had a son who I used to dearly love and treasure. I had him married to Aminah, daughter of one of the most honorable of my people. She gave birth to a child. I named him Muhammad. He has a mole between his shoulder blades. He furthermore carries all the signs you say. Both his parents are deceased. His uncle and I have taken his care upon ourselves”</em>, explained Abdulmuttalib.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Protect the child very well”</em>, advised the King.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Be wary of the Jews as they have enmity towards him. But the Almighty will not give them the opportunity. Do not mention what I have said to your friends, for I fear they might get jealous of the superiority granted to you and inflict trouble upon your grandchild. If only I knew I would survive to see the day he becomes a Prophet, I would march on with my cavalry and infantry to seize Yathrib (Medinah) and make it the capital of my realm and prepare it for his migration. If only I could be the one protecting him from troubles and adversaries! Bring me back news of him in a year’s time!”</em></div>
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Sayf ibn Zi-Yazan was unfortunately killed within a year. (Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, III, 26-28; Diyarbakri, I, 239-241)</div>
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Another piece of good news Abdulmuttalib received regarding the future of his grandchild runs as follows:</div>
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While playing with fellow children, the young Muhammad (s.a.s) had one day gone as far as the Radm quarters. There, a group from the clan of Mudlij called him and inspected the child’s feet and footprints. Thereupon Abdulmuttalib arrived. They hugged him and asked:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Is this child yours?”</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“He is my son”,</em> answered he.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Protect him closely, for we have never before seen footprints that resemble those of Ibrahim near the Kaabah more than his”,</em> they advised.</div>
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Abdulmuttalib urged his son Abu Talib nearby to give ear to their words. It was owing to such concerns that Abu Talib was so protective of his nephew. Before the Noble Messenger (s.a.s) honored the world with his presence, the entire globe was plunged in spiritual darkness. People were drowning in swamps of crass ignorance. Humanity had all but lost its dignity. Even beasts had had enough of human atrocities. Life had become unbearable. The universe was dark, human beings were in misery and hearts were aching. The weak had long forgotten how to smile. Only the strong exercised the right to live. In the words of Mehmed Akif:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mankind had surpassed hyenas in ferocity,</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Weak, devoured by his brothers one would be.</em></div>
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The Quran echoes this in the following:</div>
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<span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Corruption has appeared in the land and the sea on account of what the hands of men have wrought, that He may make them taste a part of that which they have done, so that they may return.”</span> (ar-Rum, 41)</div>
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As the sublime birth approached, everything, living and nonliving, grew in excitement and longing in their wait for the coming of that Great Light to save them from darkness, thirsting for him to offer them the elixir of life. Entire mankind was waiting, having already received the providential signs of his advent. By giving poetic expression to Amina’s state at the time of the sublime arrival, Suleyman Chelebi, in his Mawlid articulates that even the sun revolves around the Blessed Prophet (s.a.s) from love, like a moth around a flame:</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘I saw’, the Beloved’s mother said, ‘A light so unique, the sun its moth,</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Angels descended from the skies in line,</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And like the Kaabah, orbited my home</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘No other like your son’, they said,</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Has come since the world was formed</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The King of knowledge divine he is,</em></div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With secrets of wisdom and unity adorned…’</em></div>
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ochttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12610618333351516133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-856206063978064020.post-19699059254459329252019-09-14T17:48:00.001+03:002019-09-14T17:48:18.160+03:00The Prophet's Tolerance<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Coming from the Arabic root <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">samaha</i>, <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">musamaha</i> (tolerance) means to forgive and to pardon. The word <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">hosgoru </i>is used in Turkish and the word <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">tolerance</i> in English. As a term, it is used for the understanding and gentle behavior towards everyone, without prejudice, of someone who is mature and good-intentioned. Truly this is a high virtue possessed only by people of superior morality. Both too much and too little of tolerance can lead to harmful results.</div>
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Moral principles have an important place in the divine messages of prophets brought from Allah's presence. Tolerance has a unique place among these moral principles. The religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being named "Islam" shows that, along with other meanings, it is a religion of forgiveness and tolerance. In fact, it is also possible to find meanings like peace and reconciliation among the different meanings of the word <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Islam</i>.</div>
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Let's look at some of the verses in the Quran related to this topic: <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"(The righteous are) those who spend (freely), whether in prosperity, or in adversity; who restrain anger, and pardon (all) men; for God loves those who do good." (1)</i> <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"Help ye one another in righteousness and piety, but help ye not one another in sin and rancor: fear God, for God is strict in punishment."(2) </i>"<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">The believers are but a single brotherhood: so make peace and reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers; and fear God, that ye may receive mercy."</i> (3)</div>
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<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"O ye who believe! Truly, among your wives and your children are (some that are) enemies to yourselves: so beware of them! But if ye forgive and overlook, and cover up (their faults), verily God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."</i> (4)</div>
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The requirements for being tolerant:</h4>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</b>- To take the nafs to account: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Do not overlook your sins due to loving yourself." (5)</i></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</b>- To cover people's faults: In one hadith the Prophet says: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Whoever covers someone's fault in this world, Allah will cover his faults on Doomsday."</i> (6)</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</b>- To overcome anger: <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">The righteous... who restrain anger and pardon (all) men; for God loves those who do good."</i> (7) "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">The powerful one is not someone who defeats his opponent in wrestling. It is the one who restrains himself during times of anger." (8)</i></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</b>- To be forgiving: <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"(Hey Nabi!) Hold on to forgiveness; command what is right; But turn away from the ignorant."</i></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</b>- Do not curse others: Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">I was not sent to curse. I was sent as a mercy."</i> (9)</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</b>- Do not be suspicious: <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"O ye who believe! Avoid suspicion as much as possible: for suspicion in some cases is a sin."</i> (10)</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</b>- Avoid haughtiness and pride: <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">"And swell not thy cheek (for pride) at men, nor walk in insolence through the earth; for God loveth not any arrogant boaster."</i> (11) On this subject the Prophet states: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">It is enough evil to condescend on one's Muslim brother.</i>" (12)</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">8</b>- Do not make fun of people: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">O ye who believe! Let not some men among you laugh at others: it may be that the (latter) are better than the former."</i> (13)</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">9</b>- To be patient: There are more than seventy verses in the Quran that mention patience. The Prophet said: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">No one has been blessed with a better gift than patience.</i>" (14)</div>
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Tolerance in family life establishes good behavior towards wives, love and compassion for children, and just action towards parents. On these subjects Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is an exemplary model and character. It is well-known that he approached his wives with mercy, goodness, patience and love.</div>
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A monument of mercy towards his children and grandchildren, the Prophet continuously showed interest in them and treated them with love and gentleness. He allowed his grandsons Hassan and Hussain to ride on his shoulders while he prayed. It is possible to multiply these examples.</div>
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There is no coercion in Islam regarding religion and belief. It is not possible to force a person to change his belief; it can only be done with persuasion and the approval of the person. Freedom of belief is one of the leading rights of man. If religion were communicated to people with fear and oppression, there would be no meaning to belief. It was left up to people to direct their lives with free will. Because they have to give account to Allah, people were given freedom of choice. If, to the contrary, people had been coerced, it would have been unjust. Related to there being no force in religion, Allah says, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Let there be no compulsion in religion. Truth stands out clear from error: whoever rejects evil and believes in God hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold that never breaks. And God knoweth and heareth all things.</i>" (15) Another verse regarding this matter is as follows: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">If it had been thy Lord's will, they would all have believed, all who are on earth! Wilt thou compel mankind, against their will, to believe!"</i> (16)</div>
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Places of worship in divine religions have the characteristic of being sacred. Just as the mosques of Muslims are protected, places of worship in other religions are also under protection.</div>
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In fact, the Quran states on this issue: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Did not God check one set of people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of God is commemorated in abundant measure.</i>" (17) </div>
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Just as a Muslim has the right to go to a mosque and perform the worship his faith requires, a Christian has the right to go to a church and a Jew has the right to go to a temple or synagogue for worship. Prophet Muhammad, who lived together with Jews for some time in the Medina community, did not try and curtail the worship of Jews. At the same time, it is known that he similarly permitted Christians to practice their faith.</div>
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After the migration, the Prophet acted positively and moderately towards the Jews, who were an important element of Medina and who were not very happy with his coming. In fact, he invited them to a common word, prayed towards their qibla in Jerusalem and allowed Muslims to eat the meat of animals slaughtered by the Jews and to marry their chaste women. In order to allow them to look favorably on the religion of Islam, he showed respect to a Jewish funeral procession passing in front of him; he stood up and recommended that his Companions do so as well. Also, although he forbade the pagans to enter the masjid, he allowed Jews, who were among the People of the Book, to enter. We know that some Jews, even though their numbers were small, became Muslim as a result of the Prophet's positive attitude towards Jews. Jews like Abdullah b. Selâm, Sa'lebe b. Sa'ye, Esîd b. Sa'ye, Esed b. Ubeyd, Muhayrık, and Meymûn b. Yâmin accepted Islam. The Jews also accepted Muhammad as head of state with the constitution. In addition, they were to defend the city together with Muslims in case of any external threat or attack. The Medina constitution established the freedom of religion and faith and the security of life and property to its parties. However, in spite of this positive and moderate approach, the Jews did not remain loyal to the agreement, and they cooperated with the pagans and tried to stab Muslims in the back. As a result, the Prophet had to fight with them and force them out of Medina.</div>
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Prophet Muhammad acted extremely carefully in regard to the rights of peoples the Islamic state had agreements with. In regard to this the Prophet said, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Whoever harms a non-Muslim subject will have harmed me. Whoever hurts me will have angered Allah.</i>" Again, in a hadith related by Abu Davud, the Prophet said, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">On Doomsday I am not going to accept anyone who oppressed a non-Muslim subject with whom we have agreement, or violated their rights, or burdened them with more responsibility than they could carry or made them do something they did not want to do." </i>The Prophet and the Rightly-Guided caliphs were protectors of the rights and privileges of non-Muslim citizens.</div>
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Respect to Allah's commands and mercy to His creatures, and tolerance for others out of love for their Creator is one of Islam's basic principles. In all relationships the Prophet gave precedence to being reasonable and moderate, to establishing ties of friendship and love in place of enmity, to gentleness instead of anger, rage, revenge and getting even, and to kindness rather than evil. Indicating that goodness lay in the foundation of all religions, he showed respect to all prophets and sacred books.</div>
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Muhammad (pbuh) stated that all people should be treated well and he himself became an example with his practices. His basic reference on this subject was the Quran: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wert thou severe or harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about thee. (18) </i> "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Say to My servants that they should (only) say those things that are best.</i>" (19) "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Do not curse those who take another god for they, exceeding their limits, curse Allah.</i>" (20)</div>
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One day while the Prophet was sitting in the masjid with his Companions, a Bedouin came in and began to urinate in a corner of the masjid. The Companions angrily shouted at the man to stop, but the Prophet immediately intervened and said, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Leave the man alone and let him finish his job.</i>" Then he commanded that a bucket of water be emptied there. He called the Bedouin and explained that he was in a masjid and that it would not be right to defile it. With pleasant language and a sweet tongue, he convinced the man that masjids are places where Allah is remembered, prayer is made and the Quran is read.</div>
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According to my findings, these are the issues on which the Prophet did not show tolerance:</h4>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</b>-Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) hindered those who prevented the call of Islam and showed open enmity towards the Islamic state; he disapproved of those who displayed open enmity to the religion of Islam in their poems and those who incited the pagans against Muslims. The incident involving the Jewish poet Qa'b ibn al-Ashraf is one of the best examples of this.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</b>-He refused those who wanted pardon for those whose crimes were proven, and he was not tolerant on this subject. The Prophet showed his sensitivity on this topic as follows: "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">I swear to Allah that if the thief had been my daughter Fatima, I would have cut off her hand.</i>"</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</b>-Loyalty to tribalism and consanguinity (where it constituted disloyalty to the Truth and Justice) was prohibited, and he was not tolerant on this issue.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</b>-The Prophet was extremely careful in regard to individual rights and he prohibited their violation.</div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</b>-He was not tolerant in regard to preventing evil and the open practice of haram, etc.</div>
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Throughout Prophet Muhammad's lifetime, tolerance was one of the most basic ideas underlying his behavior. He called people to religion and approached them with tolerance in light of the verse, "<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Invite all to the way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious.</i>" (21) Others being harsh and rude in response to this call did not make him forego this principle. During the Taif campaign his being forgiving towards the ugly attack made against him and his praying for their reformation instead of their destruction is a good example of this.</div>
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There are lessons and wisdom to be gained by the modern world in the Prophet's understanding of tolerance and its application in Islamic history. Those who indiscriminately describe Muslims as fanatical, aggressive and intolerant, need to look at and analyze the life and actions of Prophet Muhammad and Islamic history.</div>
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1) Al-i Imran, 3/134.</div>
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2) Al-Maide, 5/2.</div>
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3) Al-Hujurat, 49/10.</div>
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4) Al-Tagabun, 64/14.</div>
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5) Al-Najm, 53/4</div>
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6) Muslim, Birr, 12; Ahmed b. Hanbel, Musned, VI, 145</div>
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7) 3 Al-i Imran, 134</div>
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8) Bukhari, Adab, 76; Muslim, Birr, 107, 108</div>
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9) Muslim, Birr, 87</div>
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10) Al-Hujurat, 49/12</div>
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11) Al-Loqman, 31/18</div>
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12) Muslim, Birr, 32</div>
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13) Al-Hujurat, 49/11</div>
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14) Bukhari, Zekat, 50</div>
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15) Al-Baqara, 2/256.</div>
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16) Al-Yunus, 10/99.</div>
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17) Al-Hajj, 22/40.</div>
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18) Al-i İmran, 3/159.</div>
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19) Isra, 17/53.</div>
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20) Al-Nisa, 4/148</div>
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21) Al-Nahl, 16/125</div>
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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ismail Hakki Atceken, PhD</span></div>
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<small class="source" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #7f7f7f; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For the entire text please see, Ismail Hakki Atceken, Islam'da Hosgoru ve Hz. Peygamber'in Hosgoru Anlayisi (Tolerance in Islam and Prophet Muhammad´s Perception of Tolerance), Ribat Magazine, May 200</small></div>
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